scholarly journals Interpreting chemistry and technology of lime binders and implementing it in the conservation field _ Interpretação da química e da tecnologia de ligantes à base de cal e sua implementação no campo da conservação

Author(s):  
Georgia Zacharopoulou

The objective of the paper is the compilation, review and dissemination of updated scientific knowledge on lime theory and technology in the field of heritage conservation.The strong evidence of the last decade’s research on the positive effect of the-not demonstrable by a chemical equation-‘key’ missing link of the maturation process is highlighted. It is demonstrated that the exceptional performance characteristics of durable lime based mortars predominately rely on the capacity for rapid, efficient and extensive carbona-tion of the air-hardening phase of limes, in particular when matured (nanoparticle wet slaked) lime putties are used; and on the chemical and mechanical stability of the strength components (principally CSHs) of the hydraulic phase of limes, which is higher in their more crystalline forms of historical lime-pozzolan mixtures than in their amorphous forms of modern cements. Hence, physicochemical adhesion and cohesion bonds both at the lime matrix and at the binder/aggregate interfaces are ensured imparting minimization of cracks and durability to lime based mortars and historic masonries.The comprehensive documentation of the former leads to optimal materials and procedures to preserve our cultural heritage. Resumo O objectivo do presente artigo é a compilação, revisão e disseminação do actual conhecimento científico sobre teoria e tecnologia da cal no campo da conservação do património. Com base na investigação da última década, são destacados os fortes indícios do efeito positivo-não demonstrável por equação química-do elo perdido ‘chave’, o processo de maturação. É demonstrado que as excepcionais características de desempenho das argamassas à base de cal mais duráveis dependem predominantemente das suas capacidades para uma rápida, eficiente e extensa carbonatação da fase de presa aérea da cal, em particular quando é usada cal em pasta com maior tempo de maturação (extinção húmida ao nível das nanopartículas); e da estabilidade química e mecânica dos com-ponentes de resistência (principalmente silicatos de cálcio hidratados (CSHs)) da fase hidráulica da cal, que é mais elevada nas for-mas mais cristalinas das misturas históricas de cal e pozolana do que nas formas amorfas dos cimentos modernos. Deste modo são asseguradas as ligações fisico-químicas por adesão e por coesão, quer na matriz de cal, quer nas interfaces ligante/agregado, conferindo minimização de fissuras e durabilidade a argamassas à base de cal e alvenarias históricas. Uma abrangente documentação destes proces-sos permitirá a obtenção de materiais e procedimentos progressivamente mais adequados à preservação do nosso património cultural. Palavras-chave Maturação; Cal em pasta; Argamassa de cal; Componentes de resistência; Estabilidade estrutural.

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 191
Author(s):  
Liu Li ◽  
Chaoying Tang

Previous studies have demonstrated that accessing external knowledge is important for organizations’ knowledge generation. The main purpose of this study is to investigate how the diversity and amount of organizations’ external scientific knowledge influence their scientific knowledge generation. We also consider the moderating effect of the redundant industrial scientific knowledge and the amount of technical knowledge from external technical cooperators. The social network analysis method is used to establish both ego- and industrial-scientific cooperation network, and ego-technical cooperation network in order to analyze the external scientific knowledge and technical knowledge. The empirical analysis is based on patent and article data of 106 organizations in the biomass energy industry (including firms, universities and research institutes), and the results show that organizations’ structural holes and degree centrality of scientific cooperation network have positive effects on their scientific knowledge generation. In addition, organizations’ degree centrality of technical cooperation network positively moderates the relationship between their degree centrality of scientific cooperation network and scientific knowledge generation. Furthermore, density of industrial scientific cooperation network decreases the positive effect of organizations’ structural holes on their scientific knowledge generation, while it strengthens the positive effect of degree centrality of scientific cooperation network on their scientific knowledge generation. Academic contributions and practical suggestions are discussed.


Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 899
Author(s):  
Raffaele Marrone ◽  
Angela Salzano ◽  
Antonio Di Francia ◽  
Lucia Vollano ◽  
Roberto Di Matteo ◽  
...  

We aimed to evaluate the effects of post dry ageing (PDA) period on meat colour and rheological characteristics in 16 buffalo bulls fed two different diets: with (FRS) or without (CTL) rye grass. Animals were randomly divided into two feeding groups and slaughtered at 540 ± 4.7 and 533 ± 7.0 kg of live body weight, respectively, for the CTL and FRS group. After five days post-mortem ageing (T0), Semitendinosus muscle (ST) and Longissimus muscle (LD) underwent a prolonged maturation process in a controlled meat chamber for 30 days (ST) and until 60 days (LD). After 30 days (T1), significant changes (p < 0.01) in meat colour (ΔE) in both muscles of the FRS group was recorded, while no significant change was observed in CTL group. The FRS diet had a positive effect on textural properties of ST muscle compared to CTL diet, as well as hardness, chewiness and gumminess. All qualitative characteristics improved in the first period of PDA but, whereas LD showed to keep improving, extending the post-ageing period by further 30 days, the ST becomes un-processable at 60 days. In conclusion, a combined used of fresh feeding and PDA period could enhance both tenderness and colour in animal fed FSR.


2020 ◽  
Vol 1011 ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
Sergey Khutorskoy ◽  
Denis Emelyanov ◽  
Alexander Matvievsky ◽  
Vasiliy Smirnov

The study results of the calcareous composites made with the use of activated mixing water are presented. Quicklime and slaked lime are used as lime binders. The mixing water was activated by the electric current and magnetic field in various modes. The effect of water activation on the physical and mechanical properties of slaked and quicklime composites and the resistance to the effects of the biological environment are studied. The water for mixing electromagnetic treatment effectiveness analysis is presented. The increase in the density of materials based on lime, trapped in activated water using ultrasound tests is proven. It was found that the mixing water activation affects the structure formation of composites and, under certain activation conditions, leads to an increase in such physical and mechanical parameters as strength and hardness. The positive effect of the mixing water activation on the lime-based materials’ resistance to microbial growth has been established, and the decrease in the growth of composites based on quicklime and slaked lime has been proved.


2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 9199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gege Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyuan Chen ◽  
Rob Law ◽  
Mu Zhang

Intangible cultural heritage can provide cultural value content for product development and marketing of tourism destinations, enabling these areas to obtain economic benefits. This study selects cultural identity as an antecedent variable, and applies the theory of planned behavior to construct the influence mechanism of cultural identity on tourists’ consumption intention in heritage tourism. In tourism development, visitors and local residents have reached a common cognitive basis for Kunqu Opera through cultural identity, thereby guiding consumer behavior and promoting the continuous development of Kunqu Opera tourism. This study takes Suzhou Kunqu Opera as a research object, designs a questionnaire for local residents and tourists, establishes a structural equation model, and explores the relationship between various impact factors. The results of the study show that cultural identity has a positive effect on consumption intentions in heritage tourism activities, confirming that cultural identity is an effective driving force to promote tourists’ consumption intention. Behavioral attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control have a positive effect on consumption intentions. This study supplements the existing knowledge on tourists’ consumption intention in intangible cultural heritage destinations. The study also provides new insights to enhance the consumption intention and achieve long-term sustainable development of the destination.


2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Sundstrup ◽  
Karina Glies Vincents Seeberg ◽  
Elizabeth Bengtsen ◽  
Lars Louis Andersen

AbstractPurpose This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of workplace interventions to rehabilitate musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among employees with physically demanding work. Methods A systematic search was conducted in bibliographic databases including PubMed and Web of Science Core Collection for English articles published from 1998 to 2018. The PICO strategy guided the assessment of study relevance and the bibliographical search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and non-RCTs in which (1) participants were adult workers with physically demanding work and MSD (including specific and non-specific MSD and musculoskeletal pain, symptoms, and discomfort), (2) interventions were initiated and/or carried out at the workplace, (3) a comparison group was included, and (4) a measure of MSD was reported (including musculoskeletal pain, symptoms, prevalence or discomfort). The quality assessment and evidence synthesis adhered to the guidelines developed by the Institute for Work & Health (Toronto, Canada) focusing on developing practical recommendations for stakeholders. Relevant stakeholders were engaged in the review process. Results Level of evidence from 54 high and medium quality studies showed moderate evidence of a positive effect of physical exercise. Within this domain, there was strong evidence of a positive effect of workplace strength training. There was limited evidence for ergonomics and strong evidence for no benefit of participatory ergonomics, multifaceted interventions, and stress management. No intervention domains were associated with “negative effects”. Conclusions The evidence synthesis recommends that implementing strength training at the workplace can reduce MSD among workers with physically demanding work. In regard to workplace ergonomics, there was not enough evidence from the scientific literature to guide current practices. Based on the scientific literature, participatory ergonomics and multifaceted workplace interventions seem to have no beneficial effect on reducing MSD among this group of workers. As these interventional domains were very heterogeneous, it should also be recognized that general conclusions about their effectiveness should be done with care.Systematic review registration PROSPERO CRD42018116752 (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=116752).


2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 1616-1628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Crump ◽  
Gopi Shah Goda ◽  
Kevin J Mumford

One of the most commonly cited studies on the effect of child subsidies on fertility, Whittington, Alm, and Peters (1990), claimed a large positive effect of child tax benefits on fertility using time series methods. We revisit this question in light of recent increases in child tax benefits by replicating this earlier study and extending the analysis. We do not find strong evidence to justify the model specification from the original paper. Moreover, even if the original specification is appropriate, we show that the results are not robust to more general measures of child tax benefits. (JEL H24, J13)


2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Yijun Huang ◽  
Qinghua Lv ◽  
Jian Lin

In the information society, the media exert a key influence on the consumer selection of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) products. Drawing on the literature of cultural identity, product involvement, and willingness to buy, this paper constructs and verifies the theoretical model of media influence-cultural identity-willingness to buy ICH products, with ICH product consumers as the objects. The results show that the media have a significantly positive effect on cultural identity, which in turn significantly promotes the willingness to buy, but the media do not significantly affect the willingness to buy. Cultural identity fully mediates the media influence on the willingness to buy. Referring to relevant studies on product involvement, the samples were divided into a set of high involvement and a set of low involvement. The moderating effect analysis reveals that the higher the product involvement, the more significant the effect of media on cultural identity and the more prominent the influence of cultural identity on the willingness to buy. Finally, the authors discussed the managerial implications of the research results for ICH inheritors and enterprises.


2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-104
Author(s):  
Инна ЖУРАВЛЕВА ◽  
Inna ZHURAVLEVAa ◽  
Татьяна МАЛЬЦЕВА ◽  
Tatiana MALTSEVA

The change in the trends in demand for tourism and excursion products, and needs of a modern tourist determines the importance of differentiating the tourism offer and developing the popular types of tourism. Crimea has significant tourist resources, which can and should be used to develop non-traditional types of tourism. The development of topographic tourism as a form of scientific knowledge and cultural identification will attract the category of tourists to the Crimea, the motivation of which is based on satisfaction of cognitive needs, the need for cultural involvement and involvement in the cultural environment. The main goal of the article is to study the prospects for the development of topographical tourism in Crimea and demonstrate cultural and cognitive possibilities, using a one-day tourist route. It was developed in accordance with the possibilities of the average tourist and traditional cognitive interests of tourists and excursionists. The objects included in the topographic route are accessible and interesting from the point of view of the cultural heritage of the Crimea. The route laying was preceded by a study related to the identification of the most popular tourist topographic interest objects. Also the article analyzes the research and cultural-cognitive features of topographic tourism in Crimea, explains how the topographic route affects tourist’s scientific knowledge and cultural identification. The main findings of the study are recommendations for the introduction of the developed topographic route and the topographic tourism development in Crimea along with traditional forms of tourism.


2019 ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Cobau Andreina Costanzi

The need to show to the public issues related to conservation of cultural properties first became clear in the eighties during the great projects conducted in the Roman forum. Three major conservation innovations were introduced at that time: documentation became part of the contract specifications; consolidation was performed using slaked lime; the worksite scaffolding was opened to non-specialists. The way in which the documentation is realized is an indicator of the quality and professionalism of a program. This should incorporate a communication plan, to promote and raise awareness among the public about the instances related to the conservation of cultural heritage. This article addresses the communication principles applied to conservation interventions.


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