scholarly journals JSB as Democratic Emblem and Urban Focal Point: The Imagined Socio-Political Construction of Space

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 294-302
Author(s):  
Bayezid Ismail Choudhury ◽  
Paul Jones .

Jatio Sangsad Bhaban [JSB], more commonly known as the National Assembly Building, or Capital Complex of Bangladesh, was designed by the renowned architect Louis I. Kahn and is an iconic landmark in the urban landscape of Dhaka (Capital of Bangladesh). It was commissioned in 1962, and a site was selected on the northern outskirt of the then Dacca (Dhaka). From the inception of the city, the rapid growth occurred mostly in a spontaneous way, which later occurred surrounding the JSB. JSB has become a central physical focus in Dhaka because of organic growth of Dhaka. JSB, the national assembly building of Bangladesh, can be viewed as a product of Bangladeshi nationalism, a socio-political construct that expresses both the national identity and the democratic spirit of the Bengali people after the country’s tumultuous history of subjugation, occupation. This paper proposes that there exists an imagined, symbolic and metaphorical connection between the spatial construction of JSB as an urban focal point, and its socio-political construction. This imagined nexus is explored in this paper in line with the theoretical framework of Lefebvre’s (1991) groundbreaking treatise on the ‘production of space’. The imagined and real socio-political construction of space is also endorsed by a range of discourses from urban anthropology, urban geography, human and cultural geography.

Urban History ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Asif Siddiqi

Abstract This article recovers the early history of the Soviet ‘closed city’, towns that during the Cold War were absent from maps and unknown to the general public due to their involvement in weapons research. I argue that the closed cities echoed and appropriated features of the Stalinist Gulag camp system, principally their adoption of physical isolation and the language of obfuscation. In doing so, I highlight a process called ‘atomized urbanism’ that embodies the tension between the obdurate reality of the city and the goal of the state to obliterate that reality through secrecy. In spatial terms, ‘atomized’ also describes the urban geography of these cities which lacked any kind of organic suburban expansion.


Antiquity ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (369) ◽  
pp. 811-813
Author(s):  
Adil Hashim Ali

Located in the Fertile Crescent and at the head of the Persian/Arabian Gulf, the city of Basra is steeped in history. Close to the heart of ancient Mesopotamia, the territory of modern Iraq was occupied variously by Achaemenids and Seleucids, Parthians, Romans and Sassanids, before the arrival of Islam in the early middle ages. In more recent history, the city's strategic position near the Gulf coast has made Basra a site of contestation and conflict. This exposure to so many different cultures and civilisations has contributed to the rich identity of Basra, a wealth of history that demands a cultural museum able to present all of the historical periods together in one place. The original Basra Museum was looted and destroyed in 1991, during the first Gulf War. The destruction and loss of so much of Iraq's history and material culture prompted official collaboration to build a new museum that would represent the city of Basrah and showcase its significance in the history of Iraq. The culmination of an eight-year collaborative project between the Iraq Ministry of Culture, the State Board of Antiquities and the Friends of Basrah Museum, the new museum was opened initially in September 2016. Already established as a cultural landmark in the city, with up to 200 visitors a day and rising, the museum was officially opened on 20 March 2019. The author was fortunate to be present for this event and able to explore the new galleries (Figure 1).


2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-583
Author(s):  
Nida Rehman

Abstract This article explores plants, seeds, soils, and other nonhuman actors as archival and architectural agents within the history of Lahore's urban landscape, as seen from the ground. It traces the halting efforts of the Agri-Horticultural Society of Punjab to enact regional improvement through the development of agricultural and botanical expertise at the advent of British colonial rule in the province, focusing on the materialization of this work in the society's gardens in Lahore. Foregrounding the contingencies of everyday garden making and maintenance, the article posits nonhuman ecologies as a materially diverse and ephemeral architecture and archive of landscape. It argues that, in helping assemble and modulate the society's efforts to model improvement, conduct plant testing, and develop an ornamental garden, plants, seeds, and soils become unlikely and sometimes unruly aesthetic and historical actors, furthering but also unsettling improvement discourse while relocating its historical effects from the region to the city, and providing new readings of the colonial urban landscape.


2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUAN A. SUÁREZ

Reputedly, painter Charles Sheeler and photographer Paul Strand's Manhatta is the first significant title in the history of American avant-garde cinema. It is a seven-minute portrait of New York City and focuses on those features which make the city a modern megalopolis – the traffic, the crowds, the high-rise buildings, the engineering wonders, and the speed and dynamism of street life. The film strives to capture rhythmic and graphic patterns in the movements and shapes of cranes, trains, automobiles, boats, steam shovels, suspension bridges, and skyscrapers. Due to the dominance of technology, the entire urban landscape appears in the film as a machine-like aggregate of static and moving parts independent from human intention.


2000 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-575
Author(s):  
Camilla Gibb

Jeffrey Nedoroscik's book is a sensitive sociological survey of life in Cairo's City of the Dead, where more than 500,000 people are now enlisted to reside. In an attempt to both demystify and account for this phenomenon, Nedoroscik argues that life in the City of the Dead is as old, and as rich, as life in Cairo itself. Today, residence in and among the family tombs stretching across some five square miles at the base of the muqattam Hills, constitutes an informal housing sector that has developed as a response to Cairo's severe housing crisis. Historically, though, the cemetery also teemed with life as a religious center housing some of the Muslim world's most important monuments, and a site of temporary and permanent shelter to relatives to the deceased, guardians of tombs, itinerants, the poor, the sick, Sufis, and other religious leaders.


Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 702-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harriet Bulkeley ◽  
Andrés Luque-Ayala ◽  
Colin McFarlane ◽  
Gordon MacLeod

As the 21st Century world assumes an increasingly urban landscape, the question of how definitive urban spaces are to be governed intensifies. At the heart of this debate lies a question about the degree and type of autonomy that towns and cities might have in shaping their economic, environmental, social and cultural geography. This paper aims to examine this question. Starting with the premise that the degree of autonomy any particular town or city has is inherently an empirical question – one which can only be conceptualised in relational terms vis-à-vis the distributed, networked and territorialised responsibilities and powers of the city and the nation-state and other zones of connection – we examine four different contexts where debates over autonomy have intensified in recent history (Brazil, UK, India and South Africa). Drawing on recent respective histories, we identify key elements and enablers in the making of urban autonomy: a characteristic that exists in a variety of guises and forms and creates a patchwork landscape of differentially powerful fragments. We reveal how, beyond its characteristic as a political ideal, autonomy surfaces as a practice that emerges from within specific sectors of particular societies and through their relationship with national and regional politics. Four alternative forms of urban autonomy are delineated: fragmented, coerced (or enclave), distributed and networked. We contend that the spatial templates for autonomy are not predetermined but can be enhanced in multiple different sites and forms of political space within the city. This enhancement appears essential for the integration and strengthening of capacities for sustainable and just forms of development throughout the urban.


SPAFA Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Peterson ◽  
Archie Tiauzon ◽  
Mark Horrocks ◽  
Maria Kottermair

The Jesuit House was built in 1730 on land reclaimed from the Tinago Marsh at the edge of the early Spanish settlement of Cebu City, Philippines, two centuries after it was first encountered by the Spanish explorer Magellan. As the city expanded from its core areas ca. 1565 around Fort San Pedro, Plaza Independencia, and the sites of Santo Nino Church and the Cebu Cathedral, waterways were drained and filled, and canals were dredged to extend the urban Spanish grid. Archaeological excavations at the Jesuit House and in the nearby Casa Gorordo Annex project document these changes in the urban landscape. Soil profiles throughout the downtown coastal plain in conjunction with chronostratigraphic data from the excavations demonstrate its submergence during the late Holocene high sea still-stand, followed by dissection by local drainages and the Guadalupe River. Relict channels and distinct interfluvial terraces are observed showing a migrating series of channels along the shoreline as well as a distinct escarpment at the back of the plain that marked the limits of marine intrusion during the high still-stand. Visayans and Spanish settlers selected higher ground for settlement in the interfluves and modified lowland areas such as the marshlands one of which became the Parian District of urban Cebu. Archaeological investigations at the Jesuit House and the Casa Gorordo Annex document the environmental history as well as the transition from native to colonial lifeways at the edge of Empire.Ang Balay Hesuita natukod niadtong tuig 1730 pinaagi sa pagtambak og yuta sa Katunggan sa Tinago diha sa ngilit sa nag-unang nahimutangan sa mga Katsila sa Sugbu, Pilipinas, mga duha ka gatusan ka tuig human kini nakaplagan sa Katsilang manunuhid nga si Magallanes. Sa dihang nilapad ang lungsod, gibana-bana 1565, nga naglangkob sa Kotang San Pedro, Hawan Independencia, ug mga luna sa Simbahang Santo Nino ug Katedral sa Sugbu, ang mga katunggan gipahubas ug gitambaka’g yuta, ug ang mga kanal gihawas-asan aron sa pagpalugway sa gilapdon sa lungsuranong Katsila. Makita kining mga kausaban sa lungsod pinaagi sa mga nakubkuban sa mga arkeyologo sa Balay Hesuita ug sa Sumpay sa Balay Gorordo nga duol niini. Ang mga takilirang hulagway’ng yuta sa tibuok kabaybayunang patag sa maong lungsod, tali sa datos nga kronostratigrapiko nga nakuha pinaagi sa mga arkeyolohikong pangubkob nagapakita sa pagkalubog niini kaniadto sa kinatas-ang naabtan sa dagat sa panahon sa Holosino, gisundan kini sa pagtabas-tabas pinaagi sa mga gagmay’ng sapa ug sa Subang Guadalupe. Makita sa mga karaang giagian sa katubigan ug tataw’ng mga hinagdanan ang nagsunod-sunod nga mga agianan sa tubig subay sa baybayon ug ang mga tataw nga tagaytay sa likod sa patag nga maoy nagpaila kung asa taman niabot ang kadagatan sa panahon sa kintas-ang gihunungan niini kaniadto. Gipili sa mga lumolupyo nga Bisaya ug Katsila ang hataas nga mga lugar para ila kining puy-an taliwala sa mga dagayday ug ilang giusab ang mga basa nga mga lugar sa ubos niini, sama sa mga katunggan diin usa niini ang Ditritong Parian sa Sugbu. Ang mga pagtulun-ang arkeyologo sa Balay Hesuita ug sa Sumpay sa Balay Gorordo nagapakita sa kaagi sa kalikupan lakip na ang pag-usab gikan sa lumadnon ngadto sa kolonyal nga mga pamaagi sa kinabuhi diha sa ngilit sa Imperyo.


X ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Gron ◽  
Eleni Gkrimpa

The cities in the fortifications: the Ionian islands in Greece. Knowledge and enhancement of a heritage Residing in the Mediterranean Sea, Ionian islands signify the passage from the west to the east. A constantly sought-after region due to the trade routes, was for a long time garrisoned and under the authority of the Venetian Republic (fourteenth-eighteenth centuries) that hindered with its fleet the Turkish invasions. The bigger islands that constitute the cluster of the Eptanisa: Corfu, Lefkada or Santa Maura, Ithaka, Kefalonia, Kythira, Zakinthos and more, that had strategic positions with respect to the usual routes, had since the middle ages fortifications like walls, towers and castles, that over the time were expanded and restructured by the Venetians in order to defend those islands from the enemy attacks. The rich iconographic historic material, considering the Ionian Islands, allows to document the characteristics of those wide spread defensive structures and to identify each strong part of this big and unique fortification cluster. It has to be noted that every one of those structures gives us clues about the urban history of the city it resides since they were part of the urban landscape revealing this way the urban layout. The compelling story of the architectural consistency of those fortresses, as it is described in the historic documents, cannot be always verified. Many of those structures are nowadays completely destroyed and only a few remains are left. There are many ways to organize a project for saving those structures and in particular one that will be related with the cultural tourism.


MELINTAS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 262
Author(s):  
Katherina Allo

<p>Images and representations have long been used to tell the history of a place, to crystalize local memories, myths and beliefs, and to share meaningful values in a collective life. <em>Sembilan Matahari</em>, one of the nationally renown film-makers and video artists in Indonesia, has produced works of video-mapping (vmap) from 2010 to 2014 in public spaces as part of the local events to celebrate and re-activate the life of a people. Through <em>Sembilan Matahari</em>’s works the city of Jakarta, Pekalongan and Bandung have animated their iconic buildings to tell their stories and renew the memories of the place and the people. This article is based on a research examining the spatial construction of the event and the video-mapping, and how these spatial constructions relate to the geographical memories and narratives of the place. By using phenomenological approaches, this writing will explain how the three spatial constructions relate to one another, and how the reading/ interpretation of the video-mapping occur in experiencing <em>Sembilan Matahari</em>’s works.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dele Jegede

Ikere, a city in Ekiti State of southwestern Nigeria, comes up often in the literature of art history on two principal accounts: first, its art and architecture, and second, its major annual fesitval. These are the two central concerns of this paper. In the first part, the unique architecture of the afin and the traditional sculptures that were its central feature present the opportunity to examine the interconnectedness of continuity and change, tradition and modernity, and the centrality of art in the Oba's quest for political pre-eminence. Ikere came to in­ternational attention through the vlrtuoslc sculptures of one of Africa's master carvers--Olowe (ca. 1873-1938), who lived in Ise-Ekiti, a town about 15 miles east of Ikere. In addition to offering new insights into the relevance of Olowe to Ikere, this essay posits a re-examination of the birth year of Olowe. In the sec­ond part, this essay dissects the Olosunta festival, which remains central to the collective identity of a people who subscribe to different religious doctrines. The early history of Ikere acknowledges the city as a site for the simultaneous reign of two rulers, the Ogoga and the Olukere. But it is the annual celebration of the Olosunta festival that serves as the rallying point for the indigenes of the city at the same time that it provides a time-honored structure for handling potentially explosive cultural and political contestations.


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