scholarly journals Early Childhood Development and Poverty Reduction in the People’s Republic of China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Ha ◽  
Ye Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Government

The People’s Republic of China (PRC) has eliminated absolute poverty in 2020. Its recent national 14th Five-Year Plan (2021–2025) highlights improving the quality of human capital as an essential goal. Research has shown that investing in early childhood development generates the highest rates of return and leads to better education, health, social, and economic outcomes. After decades of neglect, the government has been increasing investment in preschool education targeting children in ages 3–6 years since 2010. This paper recommends that a comprehensive and equitable early childhood development service system must be a priority in building essential public service systems.

Immigrant Families’ Expectations of Early Childhood

1998 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjory Ebbeck ◽  
Anne Glover
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Teachers ◽  
Immigrant Families ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Educational Expectations ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Age Range

This paper presents some of the findings of a study which examined the views of 101 South Australian immigrant families concerning their educational expectations for their children who are in the age range of birth to 8 years. These families came from Vietnam, Cambodia, Indonesia, the People's Republic of China, and the Philippines. Likewise, the views of 100 early childhood teachers working in early childhood centres were examined in relation to their educational expectations for the children of immigrant families. A comparison of the findings is presented in this paper, noting the commonalities and differences between parents and teachers to seven questions about their expectations of preschool education.

scholarly journals Early Childhood Education Services in Manzini Region in Eswatini: Equality and Accessibility

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-186
Author(s):  
Sithulisiwe Bhebhe ◽  
Ntokozo Vilakati
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Early Childhood Development ◽  
Preschool Education ◽  
Childhood Development ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Education Services ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
Privately Owned

Education services are meant for developing the cognitive capacities of all individuals, though this may vary with individuals given their variable genetic make-up. Early childhood education is one way in which children are developed for the future. This study sought to establish how early childhood education services were valued, made available and accessible to children in a developing country. Open-ended interviews and observations were the instruments used for data collection. Thematic analysis was the data analysis method used in this study. The findings of the study revealed that there were benefits in preschool education and that those learners who missed early childhood education were slow and took long to grasp concepts. The study also found that in the Kingdom of Eswatini not all children of early childhood going age go to school due to limited finances, poverty and sicknesses. The study concluded that privately-owned early childhood development centres are expensive and most parents could not afford the fees. The study recommended that the ministry should consider ECE and start funding preschool education and also provide a documented curriculum to ensure that children who attended preschool get the required skill as expected. The Ministry of Education needs to provide for ECE if they have to achieve their goal of providing equal and quality education to all Eswatini children. The ministry should be prepared to build more preschools, to at least see each primary school having a preschool owned by the government linked to it

scholarly journals Eradicating Absolute Poverty in Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haixiang Xiao ◽  
Junjun Hou ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Weiping Deng ◽  
Chuanchen Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Education And Employment

This paper describes the specific poverty reduction practices applied in Hunan Province, People’s Republic of China. Government-subsidized programs are aimed at elderly living in poverty, people with disabilities, and migrant workers and their left-behind children. They reduce poverty mainly by building a support system for living, housing, medical care, old-age care, education, and employment. Tailored financial support are also intended for natural resources of poverty-stricken areas to be used in developing industries and forming self-development capabilities to eradicate poverty, including through industrial development, employment, and financial tool utilization.

The Normalization of Sino-French Diplomatic Relations in 1964 and the Formation of the “One-China” Principle: Negotiations over Breaking French Diplomatic Relations with the Republic of China Government and the Recognition of the People’s Republic of China as the Sole Legitimate Government

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-271
Author(s):  
Madoka Fukuda
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Republic Of China ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

AbstractThis article examines the substance and modification of the “One-China” principle, which the government of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) pursued in the mid 1960s. Under this principle, a country wishing to establish diplomatic relations with the PRC was required first to break off such relations with the Republic of China (ROC). In 1964 the PRC established diplomatic relations with France. This was its first ambassadorial exchange with a Western government. The PRC, in the negotiations over the establishment of diplomatic relations, attempted to achieve some consensus with France on the matter of “One-China”. The PRC, nevertheless, had to abandon these attempts, even though it demanded fewer conditions of France than of the United States (USA), Japan and other Western countries in the 1970s. The PRC had demanded adherence to the “One-China” principle since 1949. France, however, refused to accept this condition. Nevertheless, the PRC established diplomatic relations with France before the latter broke off relations with the ROC. Subsequently, the PRC abandoned the same condition in negotiations with the African governments of the Republic of Congo, Central Africa, Dahomey and Mauritania. After the negotiations with France, the PRC began to insist that the joint communiqué on the establishment of diplomatic relations should clearly state that “the Government of the People’s Republic of China is the sole legal government of China”. However, France refused to insert these words into the communiqué. Afterwards, the PRC nevertheless insisted on putting such a statement into the joint communiqués or exchanges of notes on the establishment of diplomatic relations with the African countries mentioned above. This was done in order to set precedents for making countries accede to the “One-China” principle. The “One-China” principle was, thus, gradually formed in the process of the negotiation and bargaining between the PRC and other governments.

Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law

1997 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-517
Author(s):  
Marian Nash (Leich)
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
International Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Government ◽  
Contemporary Practice

On March 3,1997, President William J. Clinton transmitted to the Senate for its advice and consent to ratification as a treaty the Agreement Between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Hong Kong for the Surrender of Fugitive Offenders, signed at Hong Kong on December 20,1996. In his letter of transmittal, President Clinton pointed out that, upon its entry into force, the Agreement would “enhance cooperation between the law enforcement communities of the United States and Hong Kong, and … provide a framework and basic protections for extraditions after the reversion of Hong Kong to the sovereignty of the People’s Republic of China on July 1, 1997.” The President continued: Given the absence of an extradition treaty with the People’s Republic of China, this Treaty would provide the means to continue an extradition relationship with Hong Kong after reversion and avoid a gap in law enforcement. It will thereby make a significant contribution to international law enforcement efforts.The provisions of this Agreement follow generally the form and content of extradition treaties recently concluded by the United States. In addition, the Agreement contains several provisions specially designed in light of the particular status of Hong Kong. The Agreement’s basic protections for fugitives are also made expressly applicable to fugitives surrendered by the two parties before the new treaty enters into force.

scholarly journals Modern ethical, legal and institutional framework of biomedical cell technologies development in the People’s Republic of China

2016 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-113
Author(s):  
G N Kuz’menko ◽  
O F Lobazova ◽  
O A Evreeva
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Party Government ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Cell Technologies ◽  
Business Component ◽  
Chinese Industry ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Storage

New Chinese medicine democracy almost did not affect the traditional bases of the medical code, a certain pragmatism in relation to the moral component was preserved in it. Interest in the individual’s health was originally inscribed in the worldview code of the Chinese nation, which understands the best way of a living being existence as a harmony of the natural elements, energy states in it. General pantheistic basis, hidden or explicit anthropological naturalism of religious and philosophical views, which are traditional for China, Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism form had a corresponding impact on medical ethics. Millennium beginning was expressed in the focusing of the government attention on the ethical and legal support of biotechnologies, in particular biomedical cell technologies. Government set targets to accelerate the implementation of the governmental scientific and technological specific projects in innovation areas. As a result of special solutions development by the China’s Communist Party, government emphasized the formation of developed system of «high technology zones», including biotechnoparks. Strict regulatory requirements for production, storage and use of stem cells different types, which have been adopted by the government of the People’s Republic of China in recent years, objectively allow China to sell products and services in the field of cell technology not only domestically but also abroad. If the business component of those services types, which are currently formed in the Chinese industry of biomedical cell technologies, are considered, three models can be distinguished: the first model is related to stem cells collection and storage; the second model includes stem cells production and research; the third business model - enterprises directly engaged with stem cell transplantation.

scholarly journals "CHINESE MIRACLE" AND PROBLEMS OF ACCELERATED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
pp. 26-30
Author(s):  
Yongyou Nie ◽  
V. A. Kartavtsev
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
The Government

This article is devoted to the study of the results of rapid economic growth on the example of the People's Republic of China. Forty years have passed since the beginning of the openness reforms in China. They are characterized by the rapid growth of China's economic power, the improvement of the well-being of the inhabitants of that country, as well as the strengthening of the state's place in the international arena. With the support of foreign investment in the early stages, China itself becomes an investor. Techno-intensive industries hold an important share of China's exports. Despite the rapid growth of economic indicators, China is facing new challenges for developing countries. The accelerated development of the state has serious environmental, political and economic consequences, from pollution to corruption and the lag of certain regions from the overall pace of the country's development. These problems are expected to be addressed through a number of measures taken by the Government in the coming decades: investment market reforms, reorientation of international trade to developing countries, green economies, market reform real estate, addition to the legislative framework, the creation of new controls and reform of existing ones and so on. The reform process is inevitable and is the key to the successful development of the People's Republic of China.

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