scholarly journals Invasive Scots Pine, Pinus sylvestris, Replacing Corema, Corema conradii, Heathland in the Annapolis Valley, Nova Scotia

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Catling ◽  
Susan Carbyn
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Deschampsia Flexuosa ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Annapolis Valley ◽  
The Impact

Examination of air photos from 1930, 1970 and 2002 revealed stands of the European Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris) invading remnants of natural Corema (Corema conradii) heathland in the Annapolis valley. To document the impact of the introduced pines, four natural habitats were compared with two adjacent habitats already invaded by the pines. All surveyed habitats had been dominated by Corema heath based on air photos taken in 1930. Twenty 1 m2 quadrats were used to record presence and cover of vascular plants at each site. The invasive alien pines reduce the native cover to 12%. Vascular plant biodiversity is reduced to less than 42% and the cover of the heathland dominant, Corema conradii, is reduced from over 100 % to less than 2%. with Deschampsia flexuosa becoming the dominant species. The modified ecosystem and loss of biodiversity has economic impacts through loss of pollinators of agricultural crops and loss of germplasm of native crop relatives.

scholarly journals Effects of inbreeding depression on seed production in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris)

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 854-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim J. Mullin ◽  
Torgny Persson ◽  
Sara Abrahamsson ◽  
Bengt Andersson Gull
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Genetic Load ◽  
Pollen Competition ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Study Materials ◽  
Inbreeding Coefficients ◽  
Future Assessment ◽  
The Impact

Like other outcrossing species, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is thought to carry a “genetic load” of deleterious recessive alleles. When these alleles occur as homozygotes in inbred progeny, their expression can give rise to “inbreeding depression”. Although this phenomenon has been studied in several conifer species through selfing, few studies have quantified inbreeding depression in crosses with lower levels of relatedness between parents. We report here on the generation of a set of F3 study materials in Scots pine in which 142 families arose from a mating design among 49 F2 parents, representing nine levels of expected inbreeding coefficients between 0.0 and 0.5, and repeated over two consecutive seasons. Whereas the numbers of extractable seeds were unaffected by inbreeding, the proportion with fully developed embryos was strongly affected. This was expressed as inbreeding depression in the yield of full seeds per cone but not in their mean mass. Levels of germination of these full seeds were affected by inbreeding, but the depression was rather small and only weakly significant. The roles of pollen competition and polyembryony in mitigating the impact of inbreeding depression are discussed. The materials have been outplanted for future assessment of inbreeding depression on growth and survival.

scholarly journals The impact of agricultural land afforestation on soil water content in Central Bohemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Vopravil ◽  
Pavel Formánek ◽  
Darina Heřmanovská ◽  
Tomáš Khel ◽  
Karel Jacko
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Volumetric Water Content ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Impact

In the Czech Republic, the afforestation of agricultural land has been supported by providing subsidies from the government and the European Union. Afforestation of less-productive agricultural land provides many benefits including carbon sequestration, soil erosion control, biodiversity, water retention, cooling, social benefits, decreasing noise and light pollution, increasing air quality, wind speed reduction, oxygen production, wood production and non-wood products. In some aspects, it is possible to produce wood of the same quality on former agricultural land compared to permanent forest land. In this study, we attempted to find out the course of temperatures and volumetric water content as well as some other physical soil properties (at depths of 20, 40 and 60 cm) 9 years after the afforestation of agricultural land (warm, mild dry region of the Czech Republic) with a mixture of broadleaved tree species (Quercus robur L., Quercus rubra L. and Acer platanoides L.) or monospecific Pinus sylvestris L. stand; the study was performed in the period from April to the beginning of November 2020. Concerning the studied physical soil properties, the value of bulk density was higher (and total porosity lower) at a depth of 20 cm in Pinus sylvestris L. compared with agricultural land or the mixture of broadleaves; the water stability of soil aggregates was higher after the afforestation with the mixture of broadleaves. The temperature was lower in the soil of afforested plots (at all studied depths) compared to the agriculturally used land. Differences in rainfall interception, transpiration, soil<br />(and forest floor) properties and other factors could influence the obtained values of water content in the soil of the studied plots. The average volumetric water contents were the highest in the plots with Scots pine (depth of 20 cm) and broadleaves (depth of 40 cm), and on the control plot (depth of 60 cm). The volumetric water content at a soil depth of 20 cm was not significantly (P &gt; 0.05) different when the plot with Scots pine and agriculturally used land were compared. In all other cases and depths, the differences between plots were significant (P &lt; 0.05).

scholarly journals Afforestation of abandoned peat extraction sites with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) as a solution of climate change mitigation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelina Skrastina ◽  
◽  
Inga Straupe ◽  
Andis Lazdins ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Peat Extraction ◽  
Ghg Reduction ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Change Mitigation

On a global scale, ambitious climate change mitigation targets are set. By 2050, the European Union is expected to be climate neutral which means that the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions will not exceed removals. This initiative is also supported by Latvia. For businesses and carbon intensive industries transition to climate neutral economy will be provided by Just Transition Fund. The direction of the peat sector towards climate neutrality will promote research and innovation as well as restoration of peat extraction sites. These are also the objectives of implementing the Just Transition Fund for investments in Latvia. Studies on management of peat soils to improve the calculation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been carried out in Latvia within LIFE REstore project. The aim of the study is to assess the impact of afforestation of abandoned peat extraction sites with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) on GHG emissions compared to retaining of the existing situation (abandoned peatlands with poorly developed vegetation). Afforestation of degraded peatlands can contribute to significant GHG reduction in wetlands – up to 20% of the net GHG emissions due to wetlands management. The most of the GHG mitigation potential is ensured by accumulation of CO2 in living biomass.

scholarly journals Stratification, Scarification and Application of Phytohormones Promote Dormancy Breaking and Germination of Pelleted Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Seeds

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 621
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Nawrot-Chorabik ◽  
Małgorzata Osmenda ◽  
Krzysztof Słowiński ◽  
Dariusz Latowski ◽  
Sylwester Tabor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Led Light ◽  
The Impact

Seed quality is an important issue in forestry as it is an essential parameter in the production of high quality planting material. Many factors may hinder the harvesting of high quality seeds, including an insufficient number of sunny days, external conditions in temperate climate zones, and fungal pathogens affecting development of seedlings. We undertook to develop a procedure maximizing seed protection and promoting the optimum physiological development of seedlings by examination of the impact of seed pelleting (a general seed protection method) on germination rates and seedling development of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). Germination of pelleted seeds was examined in relation to substrate (water vs. soil) and LED light spectrum (white vs. red-blue). Several dormancy breaking treatments were applied: stratification/scarification, and growth regulator treatments including gibberellic acid (GA3), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), to stimulate seed germination. Experiments included independent tests for each treatment (stratification/scarification and plant growth regulators), and combinations of both stratification/scarification and phytohormone treatments. The impacts of these treatments and various controlled germination conditions on the fluorescence of chlorophyll were analyzed using the maximum efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry parameter (Fv/Fm). In addition, chlorophyll a and b content in Scots pine seedlings germinated from pelleted seeds, were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The combined stratification/scarification and growth regulator treatment was the most effective germination promoting method for pelleted Scots pine seeds. Scots pine seeds are highly likely to be photoblastic. The best germination rate, while maintaining optimal physiological parameters, was achieved in acidic soil (pH 5.0) with white LED light.

scholarly journals Effect of Extracts from Dominant Forest Floor Species of Clear-Cuts on the Regeneration and Initial Growth of Pinus sylvestris L. with Respect to Climate Change

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 916
Author(s):  
Vaida Sirgedaitė-Šėžienė ◽  
Adas Marčiulynas ◽  
Virgilijus Baliuckas
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Pine Regeneration ◽  
Increasing Temperature ◽  
The Impact

Climate change influences the ecological environment and affects the recruitment of plants, in addition to population dynamics, including Scots pine regeneration processes. Therefore, the impact of cover-dominant species extracts on the germination of pine seeds and morpho-physiological traits of seedling under different environmental conditions was evaluated. Increasing temperature reinforces the plant-donor allelochemical effect, reduces Scots pine seed germination, and inhibits seedling morpho-physiological parameters. Conditions unfavourable for the seed germination rate were observed in response to the effect of aqueous extracts of 2-year-old Vaccinium vitis-ideae and 1-year-old Calluna vulgaris under changing environmental conditions. The lowest radicle length and hypocotyl growth were observed in response to the effect of 1-year-old C. vulgaris and 2-year-old Rumex acetosella under increasing temperature (+4 °C) conditions. The chlorophyll a + b concentration in control seedlings strongly decreased from 0.76 to 0.66 mg g−1 (due to current environmental and changing environmental conditions). These factors may reduce the resistance of Scots pine to the effects of dominant species and affect the migration of Scots pine habitats to more favourable environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the natural and artificial regeneration of Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. stands in the Forest District Nowa Dęba

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
Justyna Długosiewicz ◽  
Stanisław Zając ◽  
Emilia Wysocka-Fijorek
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Natural Regeneration ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Growth Parameter ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Forest District

Abstract The main purpose of this article was to highlight the potential for enhancing positive silvicultural effects and their dependency on the management method in Scots pine Pinus sylvestris L. stands. We therefore assessed the impact of natural and artificial regeneration on vitality and health, compaction, surface coverage and seedlings height. Another important goal was to assess the severity of damage in the selected forest sites. A comparative analysis was carried out based on results from field work conducted in the autumn 2010 in the Forest District Nowa Dęba. As part of this field work, also the breeding quality of the analyzed pine renewals was assessed. The obtained results indicate that natural regeneration of Scots pine under the conditions of a fresh coniferous forest as well as a fresh mixed coniferous forest is the most reasonable management practice. In wet mixed coniferous forests however, the naturally regenerating Scots pine seedlings are of lower silvicultural quality and growth parameter values compared to those in artificially regenerated stands. In fresh mixed broadleaved forests, naturally regenerated Scot pine trees showed slightly lower silvicultural quality and vitality than artificially regenerated trees. Our results indicate furthermore that there are indeed conditions under which the restoration of Scots pine in the Nowa Dęba Forest District using natural regeneration is preferable. We also found that the employed method of renewing has a significant impact on pine growth parameters in the moist mixed coniferous forest habitat. Naturally renewing pines are characterized by a lower overall viability, but at the same time natural regeneration provides a larger number of individuals with the best viability (1st vitality class), which can be a valuable selection basis for trees used in breeding.

scholarly journals The impact of weather conditions on the development of female cones of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)

2015 ◽  
pp. 114-129
Author(s):  
Valery Р. Ivanov ◽  
◽  
Sergey I. Marchenko ◽  
Yury V. Ivanov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Evaluation of Pollen Contamination in an Advanced Scots Pine Seed Orchard

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 262-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Torimaru ◽  
Xiao-Ru Wang ◽  
A. Fries ◽  
B. Andersson ◽  
D. Lindgren
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Genetic Gain ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Multilocus Genotypes ◽  
Pollen Contamination ◽  
Pollen Sources ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Paternity Exclusion

Abstract The pollination pattern in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seed orchard consisting of 28 clones was studied using nine microsatellite (SSR) loci. The nine SSR loci produced unique multilocus genotypes for each of the orchard’s 28 clones and allowed paternal assignment of the studied 305 seed using paternity exclusion probability of 99.9%. Fifty two percent of the studied seeds were sired by outside the orchard pollen sources (i.e., pollen contamination) and as expected, low selfing (2.3%) was detected. These results are valuable for the evaluation of the seed orchard function and the impact of contamination on the expected genetic gain.

scholarly journals A review of thinning effects on Scots pine stands: From growth and yield to new challenges under global change

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. eR03S ◽  
Author(s):  
Miren Del Río ◽  
Andrés Bravo-Oviedo ◽  
Hans Pretzsch ◽  
Magnus Löf ◽  
Ricardo Ruiz-Peinado
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scots Pine Stands

Aim of the study: Thinning experiments in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands have been carried out since long in different regions of its distribution. The aim of this paper is to gather the knowledge about the thinning effects on Scots pine stands, from the effects on growth and yield to the provision of ecosystem services in the framework of climate change.Area of study: The review covered studies from different regions of the distribution area of Scots pineAim of the study: Thinning experiments in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands have been carried out for many years in different regions of its distribution. The aim of this paper is to gather knowledge regarding the effects of thinning on Scots pine stands, from the effects on growth and yield to the provision of ecosystem services in the context of climate change.Area of study: The review covers studies from different regions of the distribution area of Scots pineMaterial and methods: We reviewed the effect of thinning on four aspects: growth and yield, stability against snow and wind, response to drought, and ecosystem services.Main results: Heavy thinning involves a loss in volume yield, although the magnitude depends on the region, site and stand age. Thinning generally does not affect dominant height while the positive effect on tree diameter depends on the thinning regime. The stability of the stand against snow and wind is lower after the first thinning and increases in the long term. The impact of extreme droughts on tree growth is lower in thinned stands, which is linked to a better capacity to recover after the drought. Thinning generally reduces the wood quality, litter mass, and stand structural diversity, while having neutral or positive effects on other ecosystem services, although these effects can vary depending on the thinning regime. However, scarce information is available for most of the ecosystem services.Research highlight: Existing thinning experiments in Scots pine stands provided valuable information about thinning effects, but new experiments which cover a broad range of ecosystem services under different site conditions are still needed.

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