scholarly journals HBV - infection in children with perinatal infection. Clinical report of familial hepatitis B

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
I. V. Shilova ◽  
Yu. V. Ostankova ◽  
L. G. Goryacheva ◽  
A. V. Semenov
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Report ◽  
Perinatal Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
The World ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B, despite of being a controlled infection today, is one of the most common form of hepatitis in the world. According to the experts' evaluation there are about 3 million patients with chronic hepatitis B in our country. The global strategy of the World Health Organization includes the elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030.The program used in the North-West Federal District to eliminate acute hepatitis B has reduced the incidence rate due to the widespread vaccination coverage of children and the annual increase in adult immunization coverage.However, the relevance of HBV-infection in children still remains high which is associated with a high infection by hepatitis B virus in women of childbearing age and the possibility of the transmission of the infection from mother to her child. In case of perinatal infection the formation of chronic hepatitis B in children reaches up to 90%. The natural course of chronic hepatitis B is characterized by a change in pathogenetically determined phases, and HBsAg-negative infection, which is a latent (occult) form of hepatitis, was added to them in 2009. Occult hepatitis B is an epidemiological danger, for the child as well, if the mother suffers from this form of chronic hepatitis B. Monitoring of pregnant women is often limited to identifying only HBsAg, which is not enough to detect occult hepatitis B. Lately diagnosed occult HBV-infection can become a source of the infection for the baby, especially in cases when due to some reasons there are disorders in hepatitis B vaccination schedule after birth. The article presents an interesting clinical case of family hepatitis B.

Serum Th17 and TNF-α distinguish between patients with occult hepatitis B infection, chronic hepatitis B infection and healthy individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Francisca Sosa-Jurado ◽  
Laura Sánchez-Reza ◽  
Miguel Ángel Mendoza-Torres ◽  
Daniel Meléndez-Mena ◽  
Víctor Hugo García y García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics and Treatment for Patients with Occult Chronic Hepatitis B

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Qing-wei Gao ◽  
De-sheng Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Family History ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Viral Therapy ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B ◽  
Anti Viral Therapy ◽  
First Diagnosis

Abstract Objective To observe the clinical manifestations and assess direct antiviral effect for patients with occult hepatitis B in China. Methods The study includes 15 patients with occult hepatitis B and their medical history, family history, first-diagnosis time, confirmed-diagnosis time, laboratory report, anti-viral therapy and outcomes were analyzed. Results The average age of the patients is 38.67-year old (6 males and 9 females), 2 with acute hepatitis B (2/15, 13.3%), 13 with no hepatitis history (13/15, 86.6%), 8 with family history (8/15, 53.3%), 6 with no family history (6/15, 40%), 1 with unknown family history (1/15, 6.6%). Eight patients were treated with entecavir (0.5 mg/day, taken orally), with effective results and steady conditions; 3 patients were treated with lamivudine (0.1 g/day, taken orally), 2 of them were prescribed to take adefovir dipivoxil additionally due to drug-resistance, the other one was treated with lamivudine continuously without drug-resistance; 4 cases refused anti-viral therapy. One patient’s condition remained steady, 1 patient died of cirrhosis with portal hypertension and liver failure 5 years after firstdiagnosis, 1 patient progressed to hepatocellular carcinoma and accepted surgery operation treatment 5 years after first-diagnosis, the other 1 patient progressed to compensatory cirrhosis 2 years after first-diagnosis and is steady from then, which indicates that occult chronic hepatitis B can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma without therapy in time. Conclusions The clinical characteristics of 15 cases with occult chronic hepatitis B showed that these patients with short latency, younger age when being-struck, and light damage to liver function. The efficacy and drugresistance of nucleos(t)ide-analogue (entecavir, lamivudine, adefovir dipivoxil) in treatment of patients with occult chronic hepatitis B are similar to chronic hepatitis B.

scholarly journals Prospects for the Global Elimination of Hepatitis B

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 437-458
Author(s):  
Timothy M. Block ◽  
Kyong-Mi Chang ◽  
Ju-Tao Guo
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
World Health ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Current Standard ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B Virus

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, estimated to be globally responsible for ∼800,000 deaths annually. Although effective vaccines are available to prevent new HBV infection, treatment of existing chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is limited, as the current standard-of-care antiviral drugs can only suppress viral replication without achieving cure. In 2016, the World Health Organization called for the elimination of viral hepatitis as a global public health threat by 2030. The United States and other nations are working to meet this ambitious goal by developing strategies to cure CHB, as well as prevent HBV transmission. This review considers recent research progress in understanding HBV pathobiology and development of therapeutics for the cure of CHB, which is necessary for elimination of hepatitis B by 2030.

Current Knowledge of Occult Hepatitis B Infection and Clinical Implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (02) ◽  
pp. 249-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Yip ◽  
Grace Wong
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Hbv Dna ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Hepatitis B Infection ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Hbsag Seroclearance ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

AbstractOccult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is a status of undetectable serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) yet detectable serum and/or intrahepatic hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA. Mutations in the preS1, preS2, and S regions of the HBsAg gene may result in undetectable HBsAg. OBI may either result from a self-limiting acute hepatitis, or in patients with chronic hepatitis B who achieved HBsAg seroclearance, which refers to the loss of detectability of serum HBsAg with or without antibody to HBsAg (anti-HBs) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. HBsAg seroclearance contributes to a significant proportion of population in seropositive OBI. Both spontaneous and antiviral treatment-induced HBsAg seroclearance rarely happens; yet both types of HBsAg seroclearance are durable. CHB patients who achieve HBsAg seroclearance generally have a favorable clinical course. There is still a low yet definite risk of HCC occurrence, particularly in male CHB patients who achieve HBsAg seroclearance after being 50 years old. Clinical implications of OBI include occurrence of cirrhosis and HCC, liver transplantation, blood products transfusion, hemodialysis, and so on. A potentially life-threatening condition would be OBI reactivation in patients during immunosuppression therapy, especially in the setting of intensified immunosuppression including in onco-hematological patients (those receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and treated with the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody [e.g., rituximab]). With more new insights into these two conditions, CHB patients who achieved HBsAg seroclearance generally have benign clinical course and good prognosis. Sensitive assay for serum HBV DNA should be considered to establish the presence of OBI in the clinical settings mentioned earlier, which will affect the management plan.

Assessment of miR-212 and Other Biomarkers in the Diagnosis and Treatment of HBV-infection-related Liver Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 785-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yigan Zhang ◽  
Huaze Xi ◽  
Xin Nie ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Ning Lan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Liver Cancer ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Meld Score ◽  
Hbv Infection ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Control Group

Objective: Our study aims to detect the sensitivity of the new biomarker miR-212 existing in serum exosomes along with other hepatocellular carcinoma biomarkers such as AFP (alpha-fetoprotein), CA125 (carbohydrate antigen-ca125), and Hbx protein in the diagnosis of HBV-related liver diseases. We also aim to study the roles of these biomarkers in the progression of chronic hepatitis B and provide scientific data to show the clinical value of these biomarkers. Methods: We selected 200 patients with HBV-infection (58 cases of chronic hepatitis B, 47 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma, 30 cases of compensatory phase cirrhosis, and 65 cases of decompensatory phase cirrhosis), 31 patients with primary liver cancer without HBV infection, and 70 healthy individuals as the control group. The expression level of serum AFP and CA125 was detected with electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. The expression level of the Hbx protein was detected with ELISA. Meanwhile, the expression level of miR-212 in serum was analyzed with RT-qPCR. We collected patients’ clinical information following the Child-Pugh classification and MELD score criterion, and statistical analysis was made between the expression level of miR-212 and the collected clinical indexes. Lastly, we predicted the target genes of the miR-212 and its functions using bioinformatics methods such as cluster analysis and survival prediction. Results: Compared to the control group, the expression level of miR-212 in HBV infected patients was remarkably increased (P<0.05), especially between the HBV-infection Hepatocellular carcinoma group and the non-HBVinfection liver cancer group (P<0.05). The expression of miR-212 was increased in patients’ Child-Pugh classification, MELD score, and TNM staging. Moreover, the sensitivity and specificity of miR-212 were superior to AFP, CA125, and HBx protein. Conclusion: There is a linear relationship between disease progression and expression level of miR-212 in the serum of HBV infected patients. This demonstrates that miR-212 plays a significant role in liver diseases. miR-212 is expected to be a new biomarker used for the diagnosis and assessment of patients with HBV-infection-related liver diseases.

scholarly journals Cytokine profile during occult hepatitis B virus infection in chronic hepatitis C patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Rodrigues de Almeida Ribeiro ◽  
Nathalia Alves Araújo de Almeida ◽  
Katrini Guidolini Martinelli ◽  
Marcia Amendola Pires ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Brandao Mello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Occult Hepatitis ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
B Virus ◽  
Occult Hepatitis B

Abstract Background The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the leading causes of acute, chronic and occult hepatitis (OBI) representing a serious public health threat. Cytokines are known to be important chemical mediators that regulate the differentiation, proliferation and function of immune cells. Accumulating evidence indicate that the inadequate immune responses are responsible for HBV persistency. The aim of this study were to investigate the cytokines IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17A in patients with OBI and verify if there is an association between the levels of these cytokines with the determination of clinical courses during HBV occult infection. Methods 114 patients with chronic hepatitis C were investigated through serological and molecular tests, the OBI coinfected patients were subjected to the test for cytokines using the commercial human CBA kit. As controls, ten healthy donors with no history of liver disease and 10 chronic HBV monoinfected patients of similar age to OBI patients were selected. Results Among 114 HCV patients investigated, 11 individuals had occult hepatitis B. The levels of cytokines were heterogeneous between the groups, most of the cytokines showed higher levels of production detection among OBI/HCV individuals when compared to control group and HBV monoinfected pacients. We found a high level of IL-17A in the HBV monoinfected group, high levels of TNF-α, IL-10, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-2 in OBI/HCV patients. Conclusion These cytokines could be involved in the persistence of HBV DNA in hepatocytes triggers a constant immune response, inducing continuous liver inflammation, which can accelerate liver damage and favor the development of liver cirrhosis in other chronic liver diseases.

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