scholarly journals MEAT CONSUMPTION AS AN INDICATOR OF ECONOMIC WELL-BEING — CASE STUDY OF A DEVELOPED AND DEVELOPING ECONOMY

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Joanna Bereżnicka ◽  
Tomasz Pawlonka
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
National Income ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Indifference Curve ◽  
Household Member ◽  
Developing Economy ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Economic Well Being

The aim of the study was to verify the criterion of meat consumption as a marker of economic well-being, in economies at different phases of development. Meat consumption per capita is a widely used variable which is used to indicate the economic bases for the exclusion of meat and meat products from the diet. The study was performed simultaneously in Austria (a developed country) and Poland (a developing country) in 2015. Descriptive statistics, econometric and descriptive models were used to process the research material. Respondents were classified according to the wealth criterion, measured by the average income per household member in a given country. In the case of the developing economy, it was discovered that the meat consumption function takes the shape of an indifference curve. In the developed economy, once the income per household member exceeds 157% of the average national income, consumers exclude meat and other meat products from their diet for health reasons and reservations concerning the quality and origin of the meat. The consumption of meat in Poland is determined by income amount, at a greater degree than in a developed economy. Low income in Polish families is the reason for the exclusion of meat consumption.

The Recession and Public Investment in Education in Latin America

1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 125-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jandhyala B. G. Tilak
Keyword(s):  
Public Investment ◽  
National Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Return To Education ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Allocation Of Resources ◽  
Relative Priority ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Economic Well Being

It is the most common presumption that the relative priority accorded to education in an economy is significantly determined by economic conditions, particularly by the national income per capita and the budget. However, under normal conditions of economic well-being, allocation of resources to education is generally found to be least influenced by economic factors in any important way. Economic ability factors like GNP per capita and public spending on education are not significantly related. Neither are criteria for efficiency, like the rate of return to education, found to influence policies which allocate resources to education (see Tilak, 1982).

scholarly journals Meeting World Food Needs: Food Policy and Population Growth Among the Poorest of the Poor

1982 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
Wayne A. Schutjer ◽  
C. Shannon Stokes
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
World Food ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Food Needs ◽  
Economic Well Being

The current and future world food problem is centered in low income nations and among low income segments of populations world wide. The thesis of this paper is that increases in income and food production in the poorer nations and among low income segments of rural populations elsewhere are likely to aggravate that problem in the first instance. It is after some minimum level of economic well being has been attained that further increases in income will result in reduced family size.

Public Attitudes and Concerns about Population Ageing in Japan

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Clark ◽  
Naohiro Ogawaf
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Developed Country ◽  
Retirement Benefits ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Well Being

AbstractJapan is the most rapidly ageing developed country in the world. Economic, political, and social changes will be necessary in the next 20 years as Japan attempts to adjust to the rapid ageing of its population. This paper examines survey responses by Japanese men and women regarding their attitudes toward the ageing of their country's population, concerns about the impact of anticipated demographic changes on their economic well-being in retirement, and preferences among alternative policy options for changes in the Japanese social security programme. Responses to a nationally representative survey, conducted by Mainichi Newspapers in 1992, were analysed. Key findings indicate that: (1) the Japanese are concerned about the impact of population ageing on their economic well-being in retirement, (2) most Japanese anticipate that earnings will be an important source of their retirement income, but they are worried about employment opportunities, (3) they favour increasing social security taxes instead of cutting retirement benefits, and (4) they favour raising the age of eligibility for social security benefits.

scholarly journals Economic Well-Being and Children's Social Adjustment: The Role of Family Process in an Ethnically Diverse Low-Income Sample

2002 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 935-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashmita S. Mistry ◽  
Elizabeth A. Vandewater ◽  
Aletha C. Huston ◽  
Vonnie C. McLoyd
Keyword(s):  
Social Adjustment ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Family Process ◽  
Economic Well Being

scholarly journals Income, Health, and Well-Being around the World: Evidence from the Gallup World Poll

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angus Deaton
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
National Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Health Satisfaction ◽  
Previous Discussion ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
Per Capita

During 2006, the Gallup Organization conducted a World Poll that used an identical questionnaire for national samples of adults from 132 countries. I analyze the data on life satisfaction and on health satisfaction and look at their relationships with national income, age, and life-expectancy. The analysis confirms a number of earlier findings and also yields some new and different results. Average life satisfaction is strongly related to per capita national income. High-income countries have greater life-satisfaction than low-income countries. Each doubling of income is associated with almost a one-point increase in life satisfaction on a scale from 0 to 10 and, unlike most previous findings, the effect holds across the range of international incomes; if anything, it is slightly stronger among rich countries. Conditional on the level of national per capita income, the effects of economic growth on life satisfaction are negative, not positive as would be predicted by previous discussion and previous micro-based empirical evidence. Neither life satisfaction nor health satisfaction responds strongly to objective measures of health, such as life expectancy or the prevalence of HIV infection, so that neither provides a reliable indicator of population well-being over all domains, or even over health.

Preaching to the middle of the road

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Anne Armstrong Soule ◽  
Tejvir Sekhon
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Road ◽  
By Products

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore strategic differences in marketing communication tactics for vegan and humane meat brands.Design/methodology/approachContent analysis was used to categorize the types of persuasive appeals used on the packaging of vegan and humane meat brands.FindingsHumane meat brands use animal welfare and environmental appeals more often whereas vegan brands use taste appeals more frequently.Social implicationsMarketers’ communication strategies for alternatives to traditional meat consumption are different from those of activists and non-profit organizations. By targeting middle of the road consumers, both vegan and humane brands can support widespread efficient and curtailment behaviors and in the process benefit consumers, the brands and society.Originality/valueAnti-consumption and/or reduction of meat and animal by-products are arguably the most impactful ways in which consumers can alter their diets to positively impact individual and societal well-being. Consumers seeking alternatives to traditional meat consumption may either chose more sustainable meat products (efficient behaviors) or reduce/eliminate meat consumption (curtailment behaviors). Existing research suggests that such consumers can be divided into two segments – those driven by personal motives (health and/or taste) and those motivated by prosocial concern (environmental sustainability and/or animal welfare) and brands should match persuasive appeals to consumer motives, i.e. curtailment-focused vegan brands should use environmental or animal justice appeals and efficiency-focused humane meat brands should use taste or health appeals. However, the present research assumes marketers’ perspective and demonstrates that both vegan and humane brands target middle of the road consumers striving to balance multiple personal and prosocial goals, being socially responsible without compromising taste.

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