scholarly journals SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF EPIDEMIC DISEASES OF FARM ANIMALS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-130
Author(s):  
Aldona Zawojska ◽  
Tomasz Siudek
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Animal Diseases ◽  
Welfare Losses ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

Based on desk research and literature review, the paper identifies the effects of farm animal disease outbreaks from the economic perspective. It provides a brief overview of broad impacts of trans-boundary animal diseases such as Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) and Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) on the economy and society. It also presents a synthetic summary of the results of several studies dealing with the assessment and estimation of the costs of BSE and FMD epidemics in selected countries. The two epidemics were costly, both in monetary and non-monetary terms. Assessed direct and indirect economic losses were equivalent to several billion US dollars or euro in the countries under consideration. The economies depending on the export of live animals and meat products (e.g. the UK and Canada) were particularly affected. The economic welfare losses from hypothetical FMD outbreak in the USA could exceed a hundred billion US dollars. From the political perspective, government-run policies aimed at controlling and eradicating dangerous animal diseases seem to find the justification primarily in economic rationality or international competitiveness arguments.

scholarly journals Don't Have a Cow, Man: Consumer Acceptance of Animal-Free Dairy Products in Five Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Zollman Thomas ◽  
Christopher Bryant
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Consumer Acceptance ◽  
Taste Perception ◽  
Purchase Intent ◽  
Consumer Adoption ◽  
Willingness To Buy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Uk

Concern with the ethical, environmental and health consequences of the livestock industry is pushing the growth of a sector of animal-free alternatives. Advancing research is allowing these products to increasingly deliver experiences on a par with and beyond the products they originally sought to emulate, but widespread consumer adoption has not yet been realised. This research surveyed 5,054 individuals from Brazil, Germany, India, the UK and the USA, examining the nature and extent of acceptance of dairy products derived from precision fermentation, one of the three main pillars of alternative proteins. We find substantial consumer acceptance across countries for these products, animal-free dairy cheese, seeing 78.8% of consumers as probably or definitely likely to try such a product, with 70.5% probably or definitely likely to buy, substantially higher than previous research has found for cultivated meat products. Consumers anticipated animal-free dairy cheese to be significantly more tasty than current vegan cheese products, and just as tasty and safe as basic animal-derived cheese while rating it as significantly more ethical and environmentally friendly. Multiple linear regression revealed that within dietary identifiers, vegetarianism and veganism were strong predictors of willingness to buy but flexitarianism showed the strongest predictive power for willingness to buy. Of all variables, the strongest predictor of willingness to buy was current level of cheese consumption. Further regressions revealed that taste perception was key to driving purchase intent across all countries. The implications of these results for the development of the animal-free dairy sector are discussed.

scholarly journals Senecavirus A

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Segalés ◽  
D. Barcellos ◽  
A. Alfieri ◽  
E. Burrough ◽  
D. Marthaler
Keyword(s):  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Usa ◽  
World Organization ◽  
Swine Diseases ◽  
Vesicular Disease

Senecavirus A (SVA) is the only member of the genus Senecavirus within the family Picornaviridae. This virus was discovered as a serendipitous finding in 2002 (and named Seneca Valley virus 001 [SVV-001]) while cultivating viral vectors in cell culture and has been proposed for use as an oncolytic virus to treat different types of human neoplasia. SVA was found in lesions in pigs affected by porcine idiopathic vesicular disease in Canada and the USA in 2008 and 2012, respectively. In 2014 and 2015, SVA infection was associated with outbreaks of vesicular disease in sows as well as neonatal pig mortality in Brazil and the USA. Phylogenetic analysis of the SVA VP1 indicates the existence of 3 clades of the virus. Clade I contains the historical strain SVV-001, clade II contains USA SVA strains identified between 1988 and 1997, and clade III contains global SVA strains from Brazil, Canada, China, and the USA identified between 2001 and 2015. The aim of this review is to draw the attention of veterinarians and researchers to a recently described infectious clinical-pathologic condition caused by a previously known agent (SVA). Apart from the intrinsic interest in a novel virus infecting pigs and causing economic losses, the major current concern is the similarity of the clinical picture to that of other swine diseases, because one of them—foot and mouth disease—is a World Organization for Animal Health–listed disease. Because the potential association of SVA with disease is rather new, there are still many questions to be resolved.

scholarly journals Needle hygiene reduces the occurrence of post-vaccine abscesses in cattle

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3069
Author(s):  
Danilo Conrado Silva ◽  
Camila França de Paula Orlando Goulart ◽  
Paulo José Bastos Queiroz ◽  
Wanessa Patrícia Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Lucianne Cardoso Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Animal Production ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Although vaccination is indispensable for animal production, the use of unhygienic needles can lead to post-vaccine abscesses and consequently loss of meat products and higher production costs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of needle hygiene in the prevention of post-vaccine abscesses in cattle, estimate economic losses caused by post-vaccine abscesses, and verify whether cattle farmers sanitize the needles used in vaccination. Four groups containing 120 cattle were vaccinated against the foot-and-mouth disease. The GI, GII, and GIII groups were vaccinated using needles sanitized by different methods, while the GIV group served as control. Six months after vaccination, ultrasound exams were performed and abscesses were quantified. Subsequently, cattle were slaughtered, carcass losses due to the presence of abscesses were quantified, and economic losses were calculated. In slaughterhouses, 100 cattle farmers were interviewed on the adoption of needle hygiene for vaccines and the number of cattle they slaughtered. The numbers of abscesses diagnosed per group were as follows: GI (n = 3, 2.5%), GII (n = 5, 4.2%), GIII (n = 4, 3.3%), and GIV (n = 11, 9.2%). The occurrence of abscesses in GI, GII, and GIII did not differ statistically from each other but was statistically lower than that observed in GIV. The economic losses due to the presence of abscesses in the carcasses varied from R$ 0.12 to R$ 0.31 per animal of the herd whose needles were sanitized or not, respectively. Only 13% of the interviewed cattle farmers carried out some method of needle hygiene for vaccination. 78.8% of the slaughtered cattle were vaccinated with needles without any sanitization method. Thus, needle hygiene for cattle vaccination decreases the occurrence of post-vaccine abscesses. This practice minimizes losses by R$ 0.19 per animal due the damages caused by the removal of abscesses during the slaughter of animals. Most cattle farmers do not adopt needle hygiene for cattle vaccination.

Trace nutrients 4. Iodine in British food

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. W. Wenlock ◽  
D. H. Buss ◽  
R. E. Moxon ◽  
N. G. Bunton
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Food Colour ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Individual Source ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk

1. The amounts of iodine in nationally representative samples of prepared and cooked groups of foods and in a wide variety of individual foods and food products were determined colorimetrically. The amounts of erythrosine, a red food colour containing 577 mg I/g were also determined in selected foods and diets by high-performance liquid chromalography.2. The average British diet was calculated to provide 323 μg I/d but only 255 μg if two fruit samples containing large amounts of glacé cherries were discounted. Of the total, 92 μg was derived from liquid milk. Meat and meat products provided 36 μgand cereal products 31 μg, but fresh fruitsand sugars, vegetables and beverages provided little I. Fish and fish products, though rich in I, contributed only 5% to the total intake.3. Milk was the most variable as well as the most important individual source of I. Summer milk samples contained 70 μg/kg and winter milk 370 μkg on average. Milk products, including butter and cheese, and eggs were also rich in I.4. Some processed foods contained erythrosine, particularly glacé cherries and some pink or red confectionery items, biscuits, cherry cake, canned strawberries and luncheon meat. However, none of these are major foods in the average household diet and erythrosine would therefore contribute little more than 10 μg I/d to most diets.5. The average daily intake of I was lower than in similar studies in the USA, but wastwice the provisional UK recommended intake. This study provides no evidence that I intakes in the UK could be too low or loo high for health.

scholarly journals Evaluation of human resources needed and comparison with human resources available to implement emergency vaccination in case of foot and mouth disease outbreaks in Tunisia

2020 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud Marsot ◽  
Benoit Durand ◽  
Wafa Ben Hammouda ◽  
Heni Hadj Ammar ◽  
Malek Zrelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Outbreak Management ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Abstract Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects domestic and wild artiodactyl animals and causes considerable economic losses related to outbreak management, production losses and trade impacts. In Tunisia, the last FMD outbreak took place in 2018–2019. The effectiveness of control measures implemented to control FMD depends, in particular, on the human resources used to implement them. Tunisia has the ultimate objective of obtaining OIE status as ‘FMD-free with vaccination’. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the necessary and available human resources to control FMD outbreaks in Tunisia using emergency vaccination and to assess the gaps that would play a role in the implementation of the strategy. We developed a resources-requirement grid of necessary human resources for the management of the emergency vaccination campaign launched after the identification of a FMD-infected premises in Tunisia. Field surveys, conducted in the 24 governorates of Tunisia, allowed quantifying the available human resources for several categories of skills considered in the resources-requirement grid. For each governorate, we then compared available and necessary human resources to implement vaccination according to eight scenarios mixing generalised or cattle-targeted vaccination and different levels of human resources. The resources-requirement grid included 11 tasks in three groups: management of FMD-infected premises, organisational tasks and vaccination implementation. The available human resources for vaccination-related tasks included veterinarians and technicians from the public sector and appointed private veterinarians. The comparison of available and necessary human resources showed vaccination-related tasks to be the most time-consuming in terms of managing a FMD outbreak. Increasing the available human resources using appointed private veterinarians allowed performing the emergency vaccination of animals in the governorate in due time, especially if vaccination was targeted on cattle. The overall approach was validated by comparing the predicted and observed durations of a vaccination campaign conducted under the same conditions as during the 2014 Tunisian outbreak. This study could provide support to the Tunisian Veterinary Services or to other countries to optimise the management of a FMD outbreak.

Optimising Milk Composition

2004 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 107-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam L. Lock ◽  
Kevin J. Shingfield
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Economic Climate ◽  
The Uk

During recent decades, the UK dairy industry has had to adjust to the introduction of milk quotas in 1984, the deregulation of milk markets in 1994, and accommodate changes in the demand for dairy products. The combination of these factors, in addition to Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy and Foot and Mouth disease, and a fall in milk price has inevitably resulted in a restructuring of the industry, but also reinforced the need for all sectors of the industry to respond to the prevailing economic climate and changes in consumer preferences.

Bacterial pathogens in animal feed and their control

1991 ◽  
Vol 1991 ◽  
pp. 21-21
Author(s):  
M. Hinton ◽  
G.C. Mead
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
The Other ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Alphabetical Order ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
Vesicular Disease

Many tens of thousands of tonnes of manufactured feed are consumed by farm animals each year and yet the incidence of infectious diseases contracted from this source is extremely low.The potential disease hazards include, in alphabetical order, anthrax, botulism, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, foot and mouth disease, listeriosis, Newcastle disease (pigeon paramyxovirus infection), salmonellosis, swine fever and swine vesidular disease. The control of each of these diseases involves a number of different procedures, including the appropriate handling and treatment of the feed, the use of suitable management techniques on the farm, the vaccination of susceptible stock and either the treatment or slaughter of infected animals, or those animals in contact with them.Several of the diseases (foot and mouth disease, swine fever and swine vesicular disease) have been eradicated from the U.K. while others (anthrax and botulism) occur only infrequently. On the other hand, the presence of salmonellas in feed does constitute a continuing problem since, although organisms do not usually cause disease in animals consuming the feed, they may ultimately cause gastroenteritis in people who either handle or consume meat derived from the animals concerned.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Self-Sufficiency Policy: International Price Transmissions in Beef Markets

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 6073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Guo ◽  
Tetsuji Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Meat Products ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Local Markets ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Regional Markets ◽  
The Uk ◽  
National Governments

International beef markets have shocked regional markets in importing countries due to unexpected events such as the COVID-19 epidemic, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and high prices for grain feed. After the global food price spikes in 2008, many national governments aimed to improve food self-sufficiency to secure food supply. However, the efficacy of food self-sufficiency policy, particularly that of meat products, is not fully understood. This paper investigates the causal nexus and estimates the degree of volatility transmissions between global and regional beef prices in 10 beef-importing nations for the period January 2006 to December 2013. Furthermore, we empirically analyze how beef self-sufficiency rates affect the correlations between global and local beef markets using a panel analysis. Our primary findings are: (1) Unidirectional causality from global to local markets was found for Georgia, the UK and the United States. Meanwhile, Japan is a large beef importer, and its price causally influences global prices; (2) We found that the interconnectivity between world and regional markets is relatively weak. Regional markets can absorb external shocks in the meat sector better than wheat because meat production is more flexible than grain production, which is heavily dependent on climatic conditions and (3) Empirical results provide strong indications that high self-sufficiency is useful in isolating local markets from global markets. The results obtained from our analysis are extremely useful for policymakers of national governments who desire to insulate domestic from international beef markets in an emergent situation.

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