Green infrastructure as a disease prevention and rehabilitation tool

This article tackles with the problem of preventing diseases caused by physical inactivity. It offers a brief review of deadliest diseases and defi nes critical role of green public spaces in their prevention. Article presents patient treatment costs, in contrast to the costs of organizing green public spaces, suggesting substantial relief from economic burden sustained by national health fund by offering green public spaces designed specifi cally for disease prevention instead of conventional treatment.

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Towards Process-of-Care Aware Emergency Department Information Systems

Developments in Healthcare Information Systems and Technologies ◽

10.4018/978-1-61692-002-9.ch017 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 241-254

Author(s):

Andrzej S. Ceglowski ◽

Leonid Churilov

Keyword(s):

Information Systems ◽

Critical Role ◽

Process Models ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Patient Treatment ◽

Process Of Care ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Patient Complexity ◽

Injured Patients

The critical role of emergency departments (EDs) as the first point of contact for ill and injured patients has presented significant challenges for the elicitation of detailed process models. Patient complexity has limited the ability of ED information systems (EDIS) in prediction of patient treatment and patient movement. This article formulates a novel approach to building EDIS Activity Views that paves the way for EDIS that can predict patient workflow. The resulting Activity View pertains to what is being done, rather than what experts think is being done. The approach is based on analysis of data that is routinely recorded during patient treatment. The practical significance of the proposed approach is clinically acceptable, verifiable, and statistically valid process-oriented clusters of ED activities that can be used for targeted process elicitation, thus informing the design of EDIS. Its theoretical significance is in providing the new middle ground between existing soft and computational process elicitation methods.

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Towards Process-of-Care Aware Emergency Department Information Systems

Health Information Systems ◽

10.4018/978-1-60566-988-5.ch122 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 1916-1929

Author(s):

Andrzej S. Ceglowski ◽

Leonid Churilov

Keyword(s):

Information Systems ◽

Critical Role ◽

Process Models ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Patient Treatment ◽

Process Of Care ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Patient Complexity ◽

Injured Patients

The critical role of emergency departments (EDs) as the first point of contact for ill and injured patients has presented significant challenges for the elicitation of detailed process models. Patient complexity has limited the ability of ED information systems (EDIS) in prediction of patient treatment and patient movement. This article formulates a novel approach to building EDIS Activity Views that paves the way for EDIS that can predict patient workflow. The resulting Activity View pertains to “what is being done,” rather than “what experts think is being done.” The approach is based on analysis of data that is routinely recorded during patient treatment. The practical significance of the proposed approach is clinically acceptable, verifiable, and statistically valid process-oriented clusters of ED activities that can be used for targeted process elicitation, thus informing the design of EDIS. Its theoretical significance is in providing the new “middle ground” between existing “soft” and “computational” process elicitation methods.

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Healthy People: The Role of Law and Policy in the Nation's Public Health Agenda

The Journal of Law Medicine & Ethics ◽

10.1177/1073110519857320 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (S2) ◽

pp. 63-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Angela K. McGowan ◽

K.T. Kramer ◽

Joel B. Teitelbaum

Keyword(s):

Health Promotion ◽

Disease Prevention ◽

National Health ◽

Healthy People ◽

Health Goals ◽

Law And Policy ◽

Promotion Policies ◽

Prevention And Health Promotion ◽

Policies And Programs

Each decade since 1979, the Healthy People initiative establishes the national prevention agenda and provides the foundation for disease prevention and health promotion policies and programs. Law and policy have been included in Healthy People objectives from the start, but not integrated into the overall initiative as well as possible to potentially leverage change to meet Healthy People targets and goals. This article provides background on the Healthy People initiative and its use among various stakeholder groups, describes the work of a project aiming to better integrate law and policy into this initiative, and discusses the development of Healthy People 2030 — the next iteration of health goals for the nation. Lessons from the preliminary stages of developing Healthy People by the HHS Secretary's Advisory Committee (Committee) on National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives for 2030 and a Federal Interagency Workgroup will be included. Efforts by the Committee focused on the role of law and policy as determinants of health and valuable resources around health equity are also shared. Finally, the article discusses ways that law and policy can potentially be tools to help meet Healthy People targets and to attain national health goals.

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Recovering Subsidized Housing Developments in Northern México: The Critical Role of Public Space in Community Building in the Context of a Crime and Violence Crisis

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11195473 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (19) ◽

pp. 5473

Author(s):

Montemayor

Keyword(s):

Public Space ◽

Latin American ◽

Low Income ◽

Local Governments ◽

Critical Role ◽

Public Spaces ◽

Lessons Learned ◽

Gender Based Violence ◽

Northern Mexico

México has subsidized and built millions of low-income homes and thousands of subdivisions in the period of 2000–2012. These occupied and expanded urban peripheries far away from work, learn, service, commerce, and recreational amenity centers. These communities had no chance to offer a high quality of life. They were rapidly abandoned and deteriorated physically and socially. Amid the still ongoing crime and violence, inhabitants experienced a loss of trust in their neighbors, a deep sense of insecurity, and consequently reduced public life and activity to a minimum. This article describes and reflects on a project implemented in two neighborhoods of two northern México cities, with the objective of mitigating crime and violence, while recovering public spaces in these communities. The project implemented a hybridized methodology, including Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED), attention to Youth at Risk, and the prevention of Gender Based Violence. All these were integrated transversally with a community participation approach incorporated throughout the project actions. This article reflects on the successes and failures of this pilot project, as demonstrated by differentiated results between a neighborhood located in Chihuahua City and another in the municipality of Guadalupe, within Monterrey’s Metro Area. The lessons learned, include the relevance of local political timing and interests, the importance of accurate and manageable geographic definitions for the areas of implementation, the role of NGOs, the importance of local educational institutions—in particular schools of architecture and the need for community oriented strategic consultants, to appropriately advise local governments in the implementation of projects of this nature. The article demonstrates the effort to make it accessible, and to anticipate the issues and opportunities as many Mexican, and other Latin American countries and cities engage in the spatial and social recovery of public spaces, neighborhoods, communities, and cities after years of high crime and violence.

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When Digital Public Spaces Matter. Role of Neighbourhood Platforms in Times of COVID-19

The Journal of Public Space ◽

10.32891/jps.v5i3.1368 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 121-130

Author(s):

Franziska Schreiber

Keyword(s):

Public Space ◽

Common Good ◽

Social Inequalities ◽

Critical Role ◽

Community Support ◽

Public Spaces ◽

Management Tool ◽

Face To Face ◽

Hybrid Spaces

Research on community resilience has highlighted the critical role of analogue public spaces for social interaction and community support. However, neighbourhoods are increasingly “hybrid spaces” where face-to-face and virtual interaction blend. Based on the case of Germany, this paper argues that hyperlocal social networks such as digital neighbourhood platforms have taken on a prominent role during the COVID-19 pandemic, as they fulfil functions traditionally associated with analogue public space and provide a useful crisis management tool. They allow communities to share information, establish social contacts, and organize flexible help, which increases their capacity to cope with and adapt to the effects of the pandemic. Yet, not everybody has equal access to these digital public spaces and they bear the risk of reinforcing existing social inequalities. In the future, they need to be planned, designed, and managed just as carefully as their physical counterparts to be socially inclusive and serve the common good.

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The Promise of Epigenetics. Has It Delivered New Insights?

Digestive Diseases ◽

10.1159/000442919 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (1-2) ◽

pp. 12-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Judy H. Cho

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Transcription Factors ◽

Disease Prevention ◽

Critical Role ◽

Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽

T Cell Subsets ◽

Cd4 T Cell ◽

Specific Gene ◽

Interleukin 23

Enrichment of GWAS signals within cell-specific enhancers defines cellular subsets most associated to IBD and highlights the critical role of epigenetics in IBD. We review the central role of the interleukin 23 (IL-23) pathway in cellular plasticity, mechanisms which are significantly mediated by epigenetic regulation of master transcription factors of various CD4+ T-cell subsets. Present studies need to be complemented by a deeper understanding of intestine-specific gene expression and epigenetics, especially in mononuclear phagocytes, given their enormous plasticity, and tissue-dependent function. A deeper understanding and application of epigenetics may impact and guide early treatment and ultimately, disease prevention in IBD.

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The Role of the SLP in Autism Spectrum Disorder Screening and Assessment

Perspectives on Language Learning and Education ◽

10.1044/lle15.2.50 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 50-59 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Amy Philofsky

Keyword(s):

Language Development ◽

Critical Role ◽

Children With Autism ◽

Autism Spectrum ◽

Children With Asd ◽

Prevalence Estimates ◽

Notable Increase ◽

Screening Assessment ◽

Critical Components

AbstractRecent prevalence estimates for autism have been alarming as a function of the notable increase. Speech-language pathologists play a critical role in screening, assessment and intervention for children with autism. This article reviews signs that may be indicative of autism at different stages of language development, and discusses the importance of several psychometric properties—sensitivity and specificity—in utilizing screening measures for children with autism. Critical components of assessment for children with autism are reviewed. This article concludes with examples of intervention targets for children with ASD at various levels of language development.

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