scholarly journals The foraging behavior of Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Diuraphis noxia (Hemiptera: Aphididae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Tazerouni ◽  
Asghar Talebi ◽  
Ehsan Rakhshani
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Diuraphis Noxia ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae ◽  
Search Efficiency ◽  
Choice Preference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
S Model ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

Host stage preference, functional response and mutual interference of Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) on Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) were investigated under defined laboratory conditions (20?1?C; 60?5% relative humidity; 16 h light/8 h dark photoperiod). Nicholson?s model and linear regression were used to determine per capita search-efficiency and the interference coefficient, respectively. There was a significant difference between the rates of parasitism on different stages of D. noxia. The highest parasitism percentage was observed on the third instar nymphs of D. noxia in both choice and no-choice preference tests. Results of logistic regression revealed a type II functional response. The estimated values of search-efficiency (a) and handling time (Th) were 0.072 h-1 and 0.723 h, respectively. The maximum attack rate was calculated to be 33.22. The per capita search-efficiency decreased from 0.011 to 0.004 (h-1) as parasitoid densities increased from 1 to 8. Therefore, different host-parasitoid ratios can affect the efficacy of D. rapae.

scholarly journals Functional response and mutual interference of Diaeretiella rapae (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) on Brevicoryne brassicae (Homoptera: Aphididae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaghoub Fathipour ◽  
Ali Hosseini ◽  
Ali Talebi ◽  
Saeid Moharramipour
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Mutual Interference ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Diaeretiella Rapae ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Per Capita

Functional response and mutual interference are the most important behavioural characteristics that reveal different aspects of host–parasitoid interactions. In this study, functional response and mutual interference of the parasitoid wasp, Diaeretiella rapae (M’Intosh) attacking the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) were investigated. Logistic regression was used to distinguish the shape of the functional response (type II or III). Nonlinear least-square regression was used to estimate the attack rate (a) and handling time (Th). Nicholson’s model and linear regression were used to determine per capita searching efficiency and interference coefficient, respectively. Logistic regression suggested a type II response on B. brassicae nymphs. The per capita parasitism decreased significantly from 80.80 (67.33%) to 11.85 (9.88%) as parasitoid densities increased from 1 to 8 females. Consequently, the per capita searching efficiency decreased significantly from 1.173 to 0.205 as parasitoid densities increased from 1 to 8. The rate of parasitism increased as the host density increased from 2 to 50, and subsequently the parasitoid density decreased from 8 to 1. Therefore, different host–parasitoid ratios could affect the efficacy of D. rapae.

scholarly journals PREFERENSI DAN TANGGAP FUNGSIONAL PARASITOID HEMIPTARSENUS VARICORNIS (GIRAULT) (HYMENOPTERA: EULOPHIDAE) PADA LARVA LALAT PENGOROK DAUN KENTANG

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Hidrayani Hidrayani ◽  
Aunu Rauf ◽  
S. Sosromarsono ◽  
U. Kartosuwondo
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Female Parasitoid ◽  
Host Abundance ◽  
Liriomyza Huidobrensis ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

The preference and functional response of Parasitoid Hemiptarsenus varicornis (Girault) (Hymenoptera:Eulophidae) on host larvae of potato leafminers. The preference of Hemiptarsenus varicornis (Girault) on host larvae of potato leafminers (Liriomyza huidobrensis) and their  functional response on host abundance were studied in laboratory. The preference test was conducted by releasing a female parasitoid in a cage containing two redbean leaves, one with 2nd instar and another one with 3rd instar.  The functional response test was conducted by providing 3rd instar  with density 1, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 13  larvae  per leaf. The result showed that  H. varicornis had the preference on 3rd instar  larvae compared to 2nd instar, either for parasitisation or paralysis. Based on logistic regression analysis it was found that the parasitoid showed type II functional response on the increase of host abundance. The searching rate (a) and handling time (Th) for paralysis were 0.038 and 1.473 based on disk equation model, and 0.076 and 2.060 on ramdom equation model.  For parasitisation activity, the value of  a and Th were  0.012 and 4.649 based on disk equation model, and 0.014 and 5.075 on random equation model.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the functional response of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera:Chrysopidae) larvae feeding on cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.)(Homoptera: Aphididae) in laboratory

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-228
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Brevicoryne Brassicae ◽  
Chrysoperla Carnea ◽  
Nymphal Instar ◽  
Predator Satiation ◽  
Cabbage Aphid ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

This study evaluated the functional response of the larva of the predator Chrysoperla carnea by offering varying densities of cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) . Results showed conformity with type–II functional response, where the number of prey killed approaches asymptote hyperbolically as prey density increases (declining proportion of prey killed or the inverse density dependent) till it reached the stability stage determined by handling time and predator satiation. Also, the values of attack rate and handling time changed with age progress for both predator and prey. It has been observed an increase in the attack rate and reduction in handling time with the progress of the predator age when feeding on a particular nymphal instar. The attack rates of the predator was 1.779,3.406 and 4.219 ,while handling time was 0.015,0.010 and 0.008 (days) for 1st,2nd,3rd larval instars respectively, when fed on 1st nymphal instar. Also attack rates decreased and increases handling time with the progress in the prey. The attack rates were 1.779, 1.392, 1.096 and 1.059, due to an increase in size of the predator and in the growing efficiency in hunting the prey as well as in the increase in size of the prey and in developing its ability to defend itself and escape.

Functional response in coccinellid beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) is modified by prey-density experience

2022 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desh Deepak Chaudhary ◽  
Bhupendra Kumar ◽  
Geetanjali Mishra ◽  
Omkar
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Prey Density ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Late Instar ◽  
Rearing Density ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

Abstract In the present study, we assessed functional response curves of two generalist coccinellid beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), specifically Menochilus sexmaculatus and Propylea dissecta, using fluctuating densities of aphid prey as a stimulus. In what may be the first such study, we investigated how the prey density experienced during the early larval development of these two predatory beetle species shaped the functional response curves of the late instar–larval and adult stages. The predators were switched from their rearing prey-density environments of scarce, optimal, or abundant prey to five testing density environments of extremely scarce, scarce, suboptimal, optimal, or abundant prey. The individuals of M. sexmaculatus that were reared on either scarce- and optimal- or abundant-prey densities exhibited type II functional response curves as both larvae and adults. However, individuals of P. dissecta that were reared on scarce- and abundant-prey densities displayed modified type II functional response curves as larvae and type II functional response curves as adults. In contrast, individuals of P. dissecta reared on the optimal-prey density displayed type II functional response curves as larvae and modified type II functional response curves as adults. The fourth-instar larvae and adult females of M. sexmaculatus and P. dissecta also exhibited highest prey consumption (T/Th) and shortest prey-handling time (Th) on the scarce-prey rearing density. Thus, under fluctuating-prey conditions, M. sexmaculatus is a better biological control agent of aphids than P. dissecta is.

scholarly journals Functional response of Cydnodromus picanus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Ernesto Tello Mercado ◽  
Miguel Esteban Zarzar Maza ◽  
Angélica María Suarez Pantoja
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
65 H ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch ◽  
Range Of Variation ◽  
Average Consumption ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

The functional response of adult females of predatory mite Cydnodromus picanus Ragusa (Acari: Phytoseiidae) was evaluated at different egg densities (5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 100 and 150 eggs per predator) of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), which had 16, 42 and 65 h since oviposition. The experimental design was in a completely randomized blocks with five replicates per treatment. The environmental conditions of the trials were 25±2°C temperature, 50±2% of relative humidity and a photoperiod of 16:8 hours (light: dark). The average consumption rates for the three kinds of prey showed no significant differences (p>0.05) being 20.56±1.02, 18.59±0.79 and 18.38±0.94 prey/predator for eggs of 16, 42 and 65 h age, respectively. Using a logistic regression, a type II functional response on C. picanus females for the three kinds of eggs was determined. The values of response parameters for C. picanus females were as follows: Attack rate (a): 0.055±0.006, 0.076±0.009 and 0.073±0.016; Handling time (Th): 0.684±0.036, 0.894±0.034 and 0.898±0.062; for eggs of 16, 42 and 65 h age, respectively. These values are within the range of variation for different species of phytoseiids. These results suggest that C. picanus could effectively regulate populations of T. urticae in the field.  

scholarly journals Predator type influences the frequency of functional responses to prey in marine habitats

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 20190758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Dunn ◽  
Kevin A. Hovel
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Population Stability ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Predatory Fishes ◽  
Parameter Values

The functional response of a consumer to a gradient of resource density is a widespread and consistent framework used to quantify the importance of consumption to population dynamics and stability. Within benthic marine ecosystems, both crustaceans and fishes can provide strong top-down pressure on prey populations. Taxon-specific differences in biomechanics or habitat use, among other factors, may lead to variable functional response forms or parameter values (attack rate, handling time). Based on a review of 189 individual functional response fits, we find that these predator guilds differ in their frequency distribution of functional response types, with crustaceans exhibiting nearly double the proportion of sigmoidal, density-dependent functional responses (Holling type III) as predatory fishes. The implications of this finding for prey population stability are significant because type III responses allow prey persistence while type II responses are de-stabilizing and can lead to extinction. Comparing per capita predation rates across diverse taxa can provide integrative insights into predatory effects and the ability of predation to drive community structure.

Functional and numerical responses of Iphiseius degenerans (Berlese) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to different biological stages of Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) (Acari: Tetranychidae)*

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
İsmail Döker ◽  
Kemal Yalcin ◽  
Kamil Karut ◽  
Cengiz Kazak
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Prey Density ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Iphiseius Degenerans ◽  
Eggs And Larvae ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

Functional and numerical responses of the predatory mite, Iphiseius degenerans (Berlese) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) to four different biological stages (egg, larva, protonymph and adult male) of the citrus brown mite, Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein) (Acari: Tetranychidae) were determined under laboratory conditions. In the experiments, six different prey densities (5, 10, 20, 40, 60 and 80) for each biological stage of the prey were provided to the predatory mite for 24 hours. Results showed that the proportion of prey consumption of I. degenerans decelerated with increasing prey densities of all biological stages of the prey. Logistic regression analysis indicated that I. degenerans showed a Type II functional response regardless of prey stage. The attack rate (α) and the handling time (Th) varied based on the biological stages. The highest α (1.596) and the lowest Th (0.014) values were determined when the predator fed on adult males and larvae of E. orientalis, respectively. The numerical response curves were similar to those of Type II functional response. The efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) of female I. degenerans decreased on all biological stages when prey density increased. The highest and the lowest average daily mean number of eggs laid by I. degenerans were found as 0.45 and 1.90 when it fed on eggs and larvae of its prey, respectively. According to the results, I. degenerans has a potential to be used as a predator in biological control of E. orientalis.

scholarly journals Sublethal effect of Abamectin in the functional response of the predator Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot) on Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Phytoseiidae, Tetranychidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. I. Monjarás-Barrera ◽  
J. C. Chacón-Hernández ◽  
E. Cerna-Chávez ◽  
Y. M. Ochoa-Fuentes ◽  
L. A. Aguirre-Uribe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Sublethal Effect ◽  
Phytoseiulus Persimilis ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Search Efficiency ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch ◽  
Predator Mite

Abstract The biological control used for the control of Tetranychus urticae (Koch) is the predator mite Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot). It is important to the know the effects of acaricides on the biological behavior the Abamectin on the functional response of P. persimilis. The functional response of the predator was of type II exposed to concentration of Abamectin, the functional response parameters: successful attack rate (a’), handling time (Th), search efficiency and the maximum predation theory (T/Th) were affected by the acaricide. The predator spends more time in persecute, dominate, consume and prepair it self to the next searching comparing with the proof subject an the predation ability was affected.

scholarly journals Foraging Behavior ofPraon volucre(Hymenoptera: Braconidae) a Parasitoid ofSitobion avenae(Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afrooz Farhad ◽  
Ali Asghar Talebi ◽  
Yaghoub Fathipour
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Foraging Behavior ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Grain Aphid ◽  
Choice Tests ◽  
Host Stage ◽  
Minimum Estimate ◽  
Maximum Estimate ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

Host stage preference, functional response and, mutual interference ofPraon volucre(Haliday) (Hym.: Braconidae) parasitizing the grain aphid,Sitobion avenae(Fabricius) (Hem.: Aphididae), were investigated under laboratory conditions. Host stage preference was evaluated at25±1°C,60±5% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 16:8 h (L : D), under choice and no-choice tests. Functional response was done under five constant temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, and 30°C),60±5% relative humidity and a photoperiod of 16:8 h. (L : D).Praon volucreparasitized all nymphal instars and adults of the grain aphid but strongly preferred to oviposit into second-instar nymphs in both choice and no-choice conditions. Results of logistic regression revealed a type II functional response for all temperatures tested. The handling time (Th) and searching efficiency (a) were estimated using the Rogers equation. The maximum estimate of searching efficiency occurred at 15°C and 20°C (both0.05±0.01 h-1) and decreased to0.01±0.01 h-1at30±1°C. The minimum estimate of handling time was1.02±0.11 h at 25°C and increased to5.31±0.82 h at30±1°C. The maximum rate of parasitism was 23.52 aphids/female/day at 25°C. With parasitoid density increasing from 1 to 8, the per capita searching efficiency decreased from 0.12 h-1to 0.06 h-1. The results suggested thatP. voluvrehas the potential to be a biocontrol agent ofS. avenae. However, evaluation of foraging behavior warrants further investigation under field conditions.

Functional response of Amblyseius largoensis to Raoiella indica eggs is mediated by previous feeding experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 1907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jairo A Mendes ◽  
Debora B Lima ◽  
Eduardo P Sousa Neto ◽  
Manoel G C Gondim Jr ◽  
Jose Wagner S Melo
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Handling Time ◽  
Egg Consumption ◽  
Feeding Experience ◽  
Native Populations ◽  
Raoiella Indica ◽  
Lower Variation ◽  
Amblyseius Largoensis ◽  
Type Ii Functional Response

The mechanisms involved in the acceptance and choice of prey by predatory mites are still poorly understood. The present study was designed to determine whether previous feeding experience of Amblyseius largoensis (Muma) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) eggs could influence the predator’s functional response and related parameters. The consumption of R. indica eggs by experienced and naïve female A. largoensis was evaluated under increasing densities of eggs. Regardless of the predators’ previous experience, a gradual increase in the number of eggs consumed and a tendency to stabilize at higher densities were observed. Proportionally, egg consumption decreased with increasing egg densities, indicating a type II functional response for both experienced and naïve predators. Experienced and naïve predators also had the same attack rate. However, naïve predators had a handling time almost 50% longer than experienced predators and showed lower variation in egg consumption and lower peak egg consumption. The results of the present study demonstrate that previous feeding experience may alter parameters of the functional response of A. largoensis to R. indica eggs but not the type of response. Possibly, longer associations between native populations of A. largoensis and R. indica results in more aggressive predator populations.

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