scholarly journals Genetic diversity and differentiation of Pinus sylvestris L. from the IUFRO 1982 provenance trial revealed by AFLP analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1237-1249
Author(s):  
Piotr Androsiuk ◽  
Sylwia Ciaglo-Androsiuk ◽  
Lech Urbaniak
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
Provenance Trial ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Bulked Dna ◽  
Individual Character ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Diversity Studies

DNA markers have become effective tools in genetic diversity studies of forest trees. However, molecular marker analyses are associated with laborious and costly effort. One of the possibilities to overcome these constraints is to analyze bulked samples per population, rather than individual plants. We have used bulked DNA-based AFLP analysis to investigate genetic variations in Pinus sylvestris L. (Scots pine) from the IUFRO 1982 provenance trial in K?rnik (western Poland). Four AFLP primer combinations yielded a total of 309 bands, of which 208 (67.31%) were polymorphic. Thirty-six (11.65%) unique alleles were deployed randomly among the populations. Estimated genetic diversity and differentiation was high, as expressed by He = 0.238 and I = 0.356, and by genetic distance values which ranged from 0.154 to 0.363. A geographic pattern of interpopulation differentiation was observed, pointing to the individual character of populations from northeastern Europe. In the light of available data, we discuss the influence of historical migration routes, gene flow and human activity on observed genetic diversity and differentiation of Scots pine in Europe. Our results indicate that the AFLP method applied to DNA templates extracted from bulked leaf samples provides an efficient approach to elucidate genetic diversity and relationships among Scots pine populations.

scholarly journals High genetic diversity at the extreme range edge: nucleotide variation at nuclear loci in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Scotland

Heredity ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 775-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Wachowiak ◽  
M J Salmela ◽  
R A Ennos ◽  
G Iason ◽  
S Cavers
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Nucleotide Variation ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Range Edge ◽  
Nuclear Loci

scholarly journals Development and Characterisation of Irap Markers From Expressed Retrotransposon-like sequences in Pinus sylvestris L.

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelika Voronova ◽  
Dainis Ruņģis
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Gene Families ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Long Terminal Repeats ◽  
Multiple Gene ◽  
Plant Genomes

AbstractConifer genomes are large and stably diploid, in contrast to angiosperms, which are more variable both in genome size and ploidy. Conifer genomes are characterised by multiple gene families and pseudogenes, contain large inter-gene regions and a considerable proportion of repetitive sequences. All members of plant retrotransposon orders have been identified in gymnosperm genomes, however active elements have not been described. Investigation of transposable elements in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) could offer insights into transposon-mediated reorganisation under stress conditions in complex and ancient plant genomes. Nine Pinus sylvestris specific markers were developed to hypothetical long terminal repeats (LTRs) from differentially expressed retrotransposon-like fragments after heat stress and insect damage. Genetic diversity of 150 trees from a naturally regenerated pine stand was investigated using the IRAP method. The developed markers revealed high levels of genetic diversity and were able to distinguish subpopulations growing in long-term differential environmental conditions. Somaclonal variation was also investigated using these markers and polymorphic fragments were identified between ramets of Scots pine clones growing in two different plantations, possibly indicating evidence of recent transposition events. Sequencing of the polymorphic fragments identified two groups of sequences containing LTR sequences of an unknown retrotransposon with homology to the LTRs of the Copia-17-PAb-I element.

Significant overestimation of needle surface area estimates based on needle dimensions in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris)

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (9) ◽  
pp. 927-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxing Lin ◽  
D A Sampson ◽  
G Deckmyn ◽  
R Ceulemans
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Image Analyzer ◽  
Actual Surface ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Crown Position ◽  
Digital Scanning ◽  
The Individual

Needle length and width at midpoint are often used to make estimates of needle surface area for conifers. For these estimates, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) fascicles are assumed to be cylindrical; thus, for a two-needle pine, the cross section of a needle within the fascicle is assumed to be hemicylindrical. The objectives of this study were to determine whether these assumptions lead to a good estimate of the actual surface area and how needles vary with tree age and crown position. We used a digital scanning microscope to measure needle width, thickness, and perimeter at 11 positions along 28 needles from different crown positions in different-aged trees and found that they varied with position within the individual needle as well as with tree age and crown position. Needle shape was relatively constant: needle width and perimeter both increased from the base to the needle midpoint and then decreased slightly to the needle tip, but needles were not hemicylindrical and actual perimeters were nearly 12% larger than predicted perimeters. The predicted surface areas based on measurements of width at the needle midpoint and length need to be reduced by 9% to account for the fact that needles taper and are not cylindrical. Furthermore, tree age and crown position must be considered when crown-level estimates are made.Key words: digital image analyzer, light microscope, needle width, needle thickness, needle perimeter, Pinus sylvestris.

scholarly journals Application of various statistical methods to analyze genetic diversity of Austrian (Pinus nigra Arn.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) based on protein markers

Genetika ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Lucic ◽  
Vasilije Isajev ◽  
Ljubinko Rakonjac ◽  
Milan Mataruga ◽  
Vojka Babic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Observation Units ◽  
Precise Understanding

This paper presents the results of studies on protein polymorphism in seeds of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arn.) as the most important economic species of the genus Pinus in Serbia. Polymorphism of protein markers was determined in selected genotypes originating from seven populations (Scots pine) and six populations (Austrian pine). Analysis of protein markers was performed using two statistical methods, NTSYS and correspondence analysis. Both methods give the same arrangement of the analyzed populations, whereby, because of a different view of genetic distances, they can and should be combined, enabling easier and more precise understanding of mutual relationships of the observation units.

scholarly journals The genetic structure of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) population from the top of Szczeliniec Wielki Mt., Central Sudetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Szweykowski ◽  
Wiesław Prus-Głowacki ◽  
Jerzy Hrynkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Geographic Region ◽  
Common Origin ◽  
Provenance Trial ◽  
Great Similarity

The comparison of the genetic stucture of the population of Scots pine from Szczeliniec Wielki Mt. with the population of its progeny and three other populations from the same geographic region shows great similarity of both populations as far as the frequencies of genes and genotypes are concerned. Also other genetic parameters, such as heterozygosity, genotypic polymorphism indices and a number of alleles per locus were in both populations very similar. It seems that our data proved that the provenance trial experiments reflect rather closely the genetic structure of maternal populations. The fact that the population from Szczeliniec Wielki and its "replica" are genetically most similar to the geographically closest population from Bystrzyca Kłodzka leads to the conclusion, that these populations are of common origin. Though the relic character of the population from Szczeliniec can not be excluded. The morphological distinctness of the population from Szczeliniec is caused by a modifying influence of environmental conditions.

scholarly journals The influence of seed origin on stand variables of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) provenance trial in Ahunapalu

2009 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiit Maaten ◽  
Malle Kurm ◽  
Andres Kiviste ◽  
Mihkel Loks
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Provenance Trial ◽  
Seed Origin

scholarly journals Genetic Structure, Differentiation and Originality of Pinus sylvestris L. Populations in the East of the East European Plain

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 999
Author(s):  
Yulia Vasilyeva ◽  
Nikita Chertov ◽  
Yulia Nechaeva ◽  
Yana Sboeva ◽  
Nina Pystogova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
East European

In order to carry out activities aimed at conservation and rational use of forest resources; it is necessary to study the main forest-forming plant species in detail. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L., Pinaceae) is mainly found in the boreal forests of Eurasia and is not so often encountered in the east of the East European Plain. The aim of the study was to study the genetic diversity, structure and differentiation of Scots pine populations in the east of the East European Plain. We studied ten populations of P. sylvestris using the Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR)-based DNA polymorphism detection method. Natural populations are demonstrated by relatively high rates of genetic diversity (He = 0.167; ne = 1.279; I = 0.253). At the same time, there is a tendency for a decrease in the genetic diversity of the studied populations of P. sylvestris from west to east. Analysis of the genetic structure shows that the studied populations are highly differentiated (GST = 0.439), the intrapopulation component accounts for about 56% of the genetic diversity. Using various algorithms for determining the spatial genetic structure, it is found that the studied populations form two groups of populations in accordance with geographic location. With the help of a genetic originality coefficient, populations with specific and typical gene pools are identified. They are recommended as sources of genetic diversity and reserves for the conservation of genetic resources of the species.

scholarly journals AFLP analysis reveals infraspecific phylogenetic relationships and population genetic structure of two species of Aconitum in Central Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Józef Mitka ◽  
Piotr Boroń ◽  
Ada Wróblewska ◽  
Wojciech Bąba
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Reticulate Evolution ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Aflp Analysis ◽  
Geographic Isolation ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Infraspecific Taxa ◽  
The Individual

The genetic diversity of two <em>Aconitum</em> species endemic to the Carpathian Mountains and Sudetes was studied. A reticulate evolution between them was earlier postulated as an effect of secondary contact. The genetic diversity at the individual and taxonomic levels was examined across the entire geographical ranges of the taxa in 11 populations based on 247 AFLP markers found in 112 individuals in the Sudetes and Western Carpathians. The overall genetic differentiation was greater within the Sudetic <em>A. plicatum</em> (<em>F</em><span><sub>ST</sub></span> = 0.139, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) than within the Carpathian <em>A. firmum</em> (<em>F</em><span><sub>ST</sub></span> = 0.062, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), presumably due to the long-lasting geographic isolation between the Giant Mts and Praděd (Sudetes) populations of the species. Interestingly, relatively distant and presently isolated populations of <em>A. plicatum</em> and <em>A. f.</em> subsp. <em>maninense</em> share a part of their genomes. It could be an effect of their common evolutionary history, including past and present reticulations. The introgression among infraspecific taxa of <em>Aconitum</em> is common, probably as a result of seed dispersal within a distance of ca. 20 km (Mantel’s <em>r</em> = 0.36, <em>P</em> = 0.01). <em>Aconitum f.</em> subsp. <em>maninense</em> had the highest genetic diversity indices: Nei’s <em>h</em> and rarefied <em>FAr</em>, and divergence index <em>DW</em> (<em>P</em> ≤ 0.05), pointing to its presumably ancient age and long-term isolation.

scholarly journals Variability of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) called Tabórz pine (Forest District Miłomłyn) expressed in analysis of morphology of needle traits and polymorphism of microsatellite DNA

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Lesiczka ◽  
Ewa M. Pawlaczyk ◽  
Bartosz Łabiszak ◽  
Lech Urbaniak
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Microsatellite Dna ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Wood Quality ◽  
Breeding Value ◽  
Needle Length ◽  
Chloroplast Microsatellite ◽  
Forest District

Abstract Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is one of the most widespread forest trees in the world, ranging from southern Mediterranean mountains to eastern Siberia. 30 trees of Scots pine from the Miłomłyn Forest District were analyzed in terms of 7 nuclear and 8 chloroplast microsatellite DNA loci as well as 7 morphological needle traits. Nuclear microsatellites (Simple Sequence Repeats) have proved to be useful in studying phylogeographic and gene flow patterns in conifers and are being used to infer the demographic history of tree species. A population’s genetic diversity, in fact, represents an important criterion which could be applied in planning future forest management and breeding. Additionally, many elements of Scots pine morphology, including needle traits, are subject to environmental modification. However, the adaptability of those traits remains, to some extent, under genetic control. The trees we investigated here are called Tabórz pine located in the northeast of Poland. This population is described as one of the best in Poland and even in Europe regarding bio mass production, ductility and wood quality. The aim of the study was to determine variation and genetic structure within this population. An analysis of phenotypic differentiation showed that the traits which differed the most between individuals were needle length, the number of serrations per 2 mm of needle length along the right edge and the number of stomatal rows on the convex side of the needles. In Tabórz pine, we detected 30 different genotypes with 87 alleles as well as 28 haplotypes with 30 alleles. We also revealed a slight excess of homozygotes, but the population is still in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The Scots pine population from Tabórz furthermore showed a higher level of genetic diversity compared to stands from other Polish and European regions. This diversity may be the main factor impacting on the population’s wood quality and its breeding value.

scholarly journals Properties of AFLP markers in inheritance and genetic diversity studies of Pinus sylvestris L.

Heredity ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle Lerceteau ◽  
Alfred E Szmidt
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Diversity Studies
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