scholarly journals Propylene glycol energy supplementation during peripartal period in dairy cows and reproduction efficiency parameters

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 249-260
Author(s):  
Slobodanka Vakanjac ◽  
M. Drazic ◽  
V. Pavlovic ◽  
D. Gvozdic ◽  
M. Jovicin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
Reproduction Efficiency

scholarly journals Use of BUN and MUN as Guides for Protein and Energy Supplementation in Cattle

1998 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
Relative Deficiency

<p>As an adjunct to monitoring body weight changes and body condition score, blood or milk urea nitrogen (BUN or MUN) can be a useful tool for monitoring the protein­energy status of cattle. In healthy beef cows or finishing steers, urea nitrogen concentrations of less than about 7 mg/dL would indicate a deficiency of dietary protein (nitrogen) relative to the intake of digestible energy. In rapidly growing cattle or high producing dairy cows, urea nitrogen concentrations of less than about 15 mg/dL indicate a relative deficiency of dietary protein. Urea nitrogen concentrations of greater than 19 to 20 mg/dL have been associated with reduced conception and pregnancy rates in dairy cows.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Uso de niveles de nitrógeno uréico en sangre (BUN) y leche (MUN) como guía para la suplementación protéica y energética en bovinos</strong></p><p>Además de las mediciones tradicionales de cambios en el peso y la condición corporal, los niveles de nitrógeno uréico en sangre (BUN) o en leche (MUN) pueden utilizarse como herramientas para estimar el estado de la nutrición energético-proteínica del ganado. En vacas y novillos sanos, las concentraciones de nitrógeno uréico por debajo de 7 mg/ dL indican deficiencias de proteína (nitrógeno) en la dieta con relación al consumo de energía digestible. En el ganado vacuno de rápido crecimiento o las vacas lecheras de alta producción, las concentraciones de nitrógeno uréico menores de 15 mg/ dL señalan una deficiencia relativa de proteína en la dieta. Las concentraciones de nitrógeno uréico mayores de 19 a 20 mg/dL, se han asociado con una reducción de las tasas de concepción y preñez en vacas lecheras.</p>

The comparative effects of dietary monensin and propylene glycol on insulin resistance of transition dairy cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1573-1582 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aliasghar Chalmeh ◽  
Mehrdad Pourjafar ◽  
Khalil Badiei ◽  
Mohammad Jalali ◽  
Mohammad Mazrouei Sebdani
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Transition Dairy Cows

scholarly journals Effects of prepartum treatment with monensin or propylene glycol mixed with concentrate on milk yield and blood NEFA and BHBA levels in dairy cows

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 667-671
Author(s):  
Zafer MECİTOĞLU ◽  
Sevim ÇETİN KASAP ◽  
Mehmet Levent ÖZDÜVEN ◽  
Muhittin ÖZDER ◽  
Engin KENNERMAN
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Milk Yield

Effect of wheat- or oat-straw inclusion with wheat bran or corn grain in prepartum diets on postpartum performance of transition dairy cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (12) ◽  
pp. 1521
Author(s):  
Z. Iqbal ◽  
M. A. Rashid ◽  
T. N. Pasha ◽  
J. A. Bhatti
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Normal Limits ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Energy Supplementation ◽  
Corn Grain

Current study evaluated the effects of feeding straw source and energy supplementation during prepartum period on postpartum production performance and changes in blood metabolites of crossbred dairy cows. Twenty-eight crossbred (Holstein × Sahiwal) cows were randomly assigned to one of the following four dietary treatments: (1) wheat straw and corn grain (WSCG), (2) wheat straw and wheat bran (WSWB), (3) oat straw and corn grain (OSCG) and (4) oat straw and wheat bran (OSWB) in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment. Iso-nitrogenous diets fed as ad libitum total mixed ration contained 25% wheat straw (WS) or oat straw (OS) and 10% corn grain (CG) or wheat bran (WB). Experimental duration was 42 days before and 56 days after calving. After calving, all animals were fed a similar lactation diet. Pre- and postpartum dry-matter intake % of BW was not affected by treatments. Prepartum energy balance (EBAL) was higher for OS than WS and higher for CG than WB animals. Postpartum EBAL was higher in the WSCG than OSCG treatment. Milk production and composition were not affected by straw source or energy concentrate. Milk yield at Weeks 1, 2 and 3 was higher in the WSWB than WSCG and OSWB treatments. Total solids and feed efficiency were higher in the WSWB than WSCG treatment. Postpartum plasma concentration of non-esterified fatty acids was higher in the WS than the OS diet; however, the measured values were within normal limits. Postpartum plasma β-hydroxybutyrate concentration was not affected by straw source or energy concentrate. Cows fed WSWB prepartum were in positive EBAL, before and after calving, closer to the recommended requirements. Moreover, cows fed WSWB had a lower incidence of health disorders and subclinical ketosis, higher milk production and better feed conversion efficiency during first 3 weeks after calving.

scholarly journals Effects of Propylene Glycol on Negative Energy Balance of Postpartum Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1526
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Xuemei Nan ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Yiguang Zhao ◽  
Yuming Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Research Progress

With the improvement in the intense genetic selection of dairy cows, advanced management strategies, and improved feed quality and disease control, milk production level has been greatly improved. However, the negative energy balance (NEB) is increasingly serious at the postpartum stage because the intake of nutrients cannot meet the demand of quickly improved milk production. The NEB leads to a large amount of body fat mobilization and consequently the elevated production of ketones, which causes metabolic diseases such as ketosis and fatty liver. The high milk production of dairy cows in early lactation aggravates NEB. The metabolic diseases lead to metabolic disorders, a decrease in reproductive performance, and lactation performance decline, seriously affecting the health and production of cows. Propylene glycol (PG) can alleviate NEB through gluconeogenesis and inhibit the synthesis of ketone bodies. In addition, PG improves milk yield, reproduction, and immune performance by improving plasma glucose and liver function in ketosis cows, and reduces milk fat percentage. However, a large dose of PG (above 500 g/d) has toxic and side effects in cows. The feeding method used was an oral drench. The combination of PG with some other additives can improve the effects in preventing ketosis. Overall, the present review summarizes the recent research progress in the impacts of NEB in dairy cows and the properties of PG in alleviating NEB and reducing the risk of ketosis.

scholarly journals Propylene Glycol and Maize Grain Supplementation Improve Fertility Parameters in Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2147
Author(s):  
Robert Mikuła ◽  
Ewa Pruszyńska-Oszmałek ◽  
Paweł Antoni Kołodziejski ◽  
Włodzimierz Nowak
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Service Conception ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Metabolic Indices

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of propylene glycol and maize grain content by-pass starch supplementation during the transition period and the first 56 days of lactation on blood metabolic indices, milk production and fertility parameters in dairy cows. Seventy-five Polish Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were assigned to treatment 21 days before calving. The treatments included: TG—2.5 kg triticale grain/cow per day supplemented from 14 days prepartum to day 56 postpartum, PG—2.5 kg triticale grain/cow per day supplemented from day 14 before parturition to day 56 postpartum, and 400 g propylene glycol/cow per day from 14 days prepartum to 14 days of lactation and MG—2.5 kg maize grain/cow per day supplemented from day 14 before parturition to day 56 postpartum. PG and MG had an effect resulting in the highest glucose concentration at 28 d of lactation. Cows assigned to the PG and MG groups had significantly higher cholesterol levels confronted with TG group at day 14 of lactation, while at days 28 and 56 the same difference was observed only between the MG and TG groups. PG had an effect on shortening the period to first ovulation. PG and MG improved the first service conception rate and decreased the number of services per conception in cows. In conclusion, both treatments of dairy cows with PG and MG improved their fertility parameters, while they had a slight effect on their metabolic profile and no effect on their milking performance.

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