Effects of propylene glycol drenching on energy balance, plasma glucose, plasma insulin, ovarian function and conception in dairy cows

2001 ◽  
Vol 68 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 29-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Miyoshi ◽  
J.L Pate ◽  
D.L Palmquist
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Glucose Plasma

Glycemic and Insulinemic Response to Preexercise Carbohydrate Feedings

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Seifert ◽  
Greg L. Paul ◽  
Dennis E. Eddy ◽  
Robert Murray
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Glucose Plasma ◽  
Insulinemic Response

The effects of preexercise hyperinsulinemia on exercising plasma glucose, plasma insulin, and metabolic responses were assessed during 50 min cycling at 62%. Subjects were fed a 6% sucrose/glucose solution (LCHO) or a 20% maltodextrin/glucose solution (HCHO) to induce changes in plasma insulin. During exercise, subjects assessed perceived nauseousness and lightheadedness. By the start of exercise, plasma glucose and plasma insulin had increased. In the LCHO trial, plasma glucose values significantly decreased below the baseline value at 30 min of exercise. However, by 40 min, exercise plasma glucose and insulin values were similar to the baseline value. Exercise plasma glucose and insulin did not differ from baseline values in the HCHO trial. Ingestion of LCHO or HCHO was not associated with nausea or lightheadedness. It was concluded that the hyperinsulinemia induced by preexercise feediigs of CHO did not result in frank hypoglycemia or adversely affect sensory or physiological responses during 50 min of moderate-intensity cycling.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Effects of Acarbose and TZQ-F, a New Kind of Traditional Chinese Medicine to Treat Diabetes, Chinese Healthy Volunteers

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huang Yuhong ◽  
Fu Wenxu ◽  
Li Yanfen ◽  
Liu Yu ◽  
Li Ziqiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Plasma ◽  
Gastrointestinal Adverse Events

Ethnopharmacological Relevance. TZQ-F has been traditionally used in Traditional Chinese Medicine as a formula for the treatment of diabetes.Aim of the Study. This study aims to compare the pharmacologic effects and gastrointestinal adverse events between TZQ-F and acarbose.Methods. The double-blind randomized placebo-controlled fivefold crossover study was performed in 20 healthy male volunteers. Plasma glucose, plasma IRI, and plasma C-peptide were measured to assess the pharmacologic effects. Flatus and bowel activity were measured to assess the adverse event of gastrointestinal effect.Results. 3 and 4 tablets of TZQ decreased theCmaxof plasma glucose compared with that of the previous day and with placebo. 3 tablets also decreasedCmaxof plasma C-peptide compared with placebo. 4 tablets increasedCmaxof plasma insulin after breakfast and the AUC of plasma C-peptide after breakfast and dinner. 2 tablets did not decrease plasma glucose and elevated theCmaxand AUC of C-peptide after breakfast and dinner, respectively. Acarbose 50 mg decreased theCmaxof plasma insulin and C-peptide after breakfast and theCmaxof plasma glucose and C-peptide after dinner. The subjects who received TZQ did not report any abdominal adverse events.Conclusions. 3 tablets of TZQ have the same effects as the acarbose.

scholarly journals Effects of Propylene Glycol on Negative Energy Balance of Postpartum Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1526
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Xuemei Nan ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Yiguang Zhao ◽  
Yuming Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Research Progress

With the improvement in the intense genetic selection of dairy cows, advanced management strategies, and improved feed quality and disease control, milk production level has been greatly improved. However, the negative energy balance (NEB) is increasingly serious at the postpartum stage because the intake of nutrients cannot meet the demand of quickly improved milk production. The NEB leads to a large amount of body fat mobilization and consequently the elevated production of ketones, which causes metabolic diseases such as ketosis and fatty liver. The high milk production of dairy cows in early lactation aggravates NEB. The metabolic diseases lead to metabolic disorders, a decrease in reproductive performance, and lactation performance decline, seriously affecting the health and production of cows. Propylene glycol (PG) can alleviate NEB through gluconeogenesis and inhibit the synthesis of ketone bodies. In addition, PG improves milk yield, reproduction, and immune performance by improving plasma glucose and liver function in ketosis cows, and reduces milk fat percentage. However, a large dose of PG (above 500 g/d) has toxic and side effects in cows. The feeding method used was an oral drench. The combination of PG with some other additives can improve the effects in preventing ketosis. Overall, the present review summarizes the recent research progress in the impacts of NEB in dairy cows and the properties of PG in alleviating NEB and reducing the risk of ketosis.

Penetration of peripheral glucose and insulin into cerebrospinal fluid in rats

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (2) ◽  
pp. R200-R204 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Steffens ◽  
A. J. Scheurink ◽  
D. Porte ◽  
S. C. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Jugular Veins ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Freely Moving ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Glucose Plasma

In this study the penetration of plasma insulin and glucose into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was investigated. Rats were implanted with cannulas in the cisterna magna and into the left and right jugular veins. Freely moving rats were intravenously infused during 4 h with either glucose solution (10 mg/min) or saline. Before, during, and after the infusions, simultaneous blood and CSF samples were taken. Infusion of glucose led to an immediate rise of both plasma glucose and insulin. Although CSF glucose followed plasma glucose within 10 min, CSF insulin was unchanged until 40 min. After termination of the glucose infusion, levels of all substances returned to base line within 10 min. Twenty-four-hour food deprivation resulted in a significant decrease of plasma glucose, plasma insulin, CSF glucose, and CSF insulin. At the onset of eating after deprivation, an increase of plasma glucose and insulin occurred within 10 min, whereas CSF glucose was delayed between 10 and 40 min, after which ad libitum values were attained or surpassed. CSF insulin always remained below ad libitum levels. It is concluded that 1) glucose and insulin penetrate into the CSF and 2) CSF insulin and glucose can fulfill a putative feedback in homeostatic control of food intake and body weight.

Effect of propylene glycol on fertility of postpartum dairy cows experiencing seasonal heat stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atilla Yildiz ◽  
Zeki Erisir
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Propylene Glycol ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Seasonal Heat

The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of a daily oral drench of Propylene Glycol (PG) on fertility in dairy cows experiencing seasonal heat stress. In treatment group, cows (n=9) were treated with drenching 250 ml propylene glycol once daily from 3 to 15 days post-partum following the morning milking. Another group of cows (n=9) was selected as untreated control. The serum beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations were used as indicators of energy status of the cows. Days to onset of luteal activity, calving to first service interval and pregnancy rate to first service were used to evaluate the reproductive performance. There was no difference in onset of luteal activity postpartum between the treatment and control groups. But the cows in the treatment group tended to have shorter intervals from calving to first insemination compared with cows in control group. The pregnancy rate to first service for cows treated with PG was 2.50 times greater compared with cows in control group. The energy balance was less negative for treatment group compared with control cows. In conclusion, although, drenching with 250 mL of PG per day from 3 to 15 days after calving did not improve the onset of luteal activity postpartum, treated cows tended to have shorter intervals from calving until first service. Propylene glycol administration would improve the negative energy balance status as observed by serum BHBA concentration, which might be an advantage to increase pregnancy rate at first AI in dairy cows experiencing seasonal heat stress.

scholarly journals The effect of ispaghula (Fybogel and Metamucil) and guar gum on glucose tolerance in man

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Jarjis ◽  
N. A. Blackburn ◽  
J. S. Redfern ◽  
N. W. Read
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Emptying ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Glucose Plasma ◽  
Insulin Responses

1. The effects of incorporating Fybogel (3·5 and 7 g doses), Metamucil (7 g) or guar gum (2·5 and 14·5 g doses) in a drink containing 50 g glucose on plasma glucose, plasma insulin and gastric emptying were studied in thirty-eight normal volunteers. In addition, the effects of Fybogel (7 g) on glucose tolerance, plasma insulin and gastric emptying were measured in fourteen non-insulin-dependent diabetics.2. Both doses of guar gum significantly lowered plasma glucose and plasma insulin responses to the oral glucose load in normal subjects, although 14·5 g guar gum did not delay the half-time for gastric emptying.3. Neither Fybogel nor Metamucil had significant effects on plasma glucose responses in normal subjects. In addition, Fybogel (at either dose) had no significant effects on plasma insulin levels, or on gastric emptying in normal subjects or on plasma glucose and insulin responses in diabetic patients.4. The viscosity of ispaghula solutions (Fybogel) was lower than that of guar gum solutions.

scholarly journals Infusion of butyrate affects plasma glucose, butyrate, and β-hydroxybutyrate but not plasma insulin in lactating dairy cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 3524-3536 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.J. Herrick ◽  
A.R. Hippen ◽  
K.F. Kalscheur ◽  
D.J. Schingoethe ◽  
S.D. Ranathunga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

Interrelationships among plasma metabolites, production, and ovarian follicular function in dairy cows

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Macmillan ◽  
A. Hayirli ◽  
L. Doepel ◽  
B.L. Dyck ◽  
E. Subramaniam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Negative Energy Balance ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Multiple Ovulation ◽  
Metabolites Production ◽  
Beta Hydroxybutyrate

Associations of blood metabolites and production variables with ovarian function and parity, specifically, interval to first ovulation (IFO) and the incidence of ovarian cysts (OC) and multiple ovulation (MOV) at the first ovulation postpartum, were determined in lactating dairy cows. This retrospective study involved data on 169 Holstein cows from three studies on the same herd. Blood samples were taken weekly from week −1 to week 4, relative to calving, and transrectal ultrasonography was performed twice weekly from day 7 to day 60 postpartum. The overall IFO was 32.6 ± 1.9 d (mean ± SEM) and did not differ among lactations. Primiparous cows were at a greater risk of failing to ovulate before day 60 postpartum and cows in the third or greater lactation were at a higher risk for OC and MOV. Blood metabolites and production variables indicating a negative energy balance were associated with cows failing to ovulate before day 35 postpartum, but were not related with OC. Increased dry matter intake and milk yield, particularly in second lactation cows, were associated with a higher incidence of OC. While beta-hydroxybutyrate acid and insulin-like growth factor 1 were associated with MOV, the relationship was weak. Reducing negative energy balance is necessary to reduce IFO but may increase the incidence of MOV.

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