scholarly journals The presence of toxigenic Fusarium species and Fusariotoxins deoxynivalenol and zearalenone in winter wheat

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Krnjaja ◽  
S. Stankovic ◽  
J. Levic
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Insignificant Correlation ◽  
Isolated Species

The frequency of fungi and mycotoxin concentrations of deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZON) were studied in winter wheat grains harvested in 2009. The most frequently isolated species belonged to genera Alternaria (81.55%) and Fusarium (12%), followed by Rhizopus spp. (3.75%), Acremoniella spp. (1.15%) and other fungi (Acremonium spp., Arthrinium spp., Aspergillus spp., Bipolaris spp., Chaetomium spp., Nigrospora spp., Penicillium spp. and Ramichloridium spp.) isolated in less than 1%. The following species of the genus Fusarium were identified: F. graminearum (82.50%), F. sporotrichioides (5.42%), F. proliferatum (4.17%), F. subglutinans (4.17%), F. poae (1.66%), F. semitectum (1.25%), and F. verticillioides (0.83%). In 100% of wheat grain samples DON was detected (110-1200 ?g kg-1, average 490 ?g kg-1), while ZON was detected in 10% of samples and in the lower average of 70 ?g kg-1 with the limit values ranging from 60 to 80 ?g kg-1. Statistically significant positive correlations were established between the concentration of ZON with the frequency of F. graminearum (r = 0.63) or with the frequency of Fusarium spp. (r = 0.58). A negative insignificant correlation was determined between the DON level and the percentage of present Fusarium species.

scholarly journals Effects of moulds on the safety and processing quality of Triticum aestivum

2008 ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Marija Saric ◽  
Tatjana Stojanovic ◽  
Marija Skrinjar ◽  
Mirjana Menkovska
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Sanitary Condition ◽  
Technological Quality ◽  
Wheat Products ◽  
Mould Contamination ◽  
Isolated Species

Wheat and wheat products are frequently subjected to mould infestations. Many of them are potential producers of various mycotoxins. Some of the consequences, due to the infestations by genus Fusarium and Alternaria, are mostly: yield loss, decrease of biological and technological quality, and unacceptable quality of infected kernels for the production and processing into human food because of the possible presence of mycotoxins. It is unknown whether and how the contaminated grains are distributed during milling into various flour streams and finished products. Wholegrain flours and related products contain all anatomic parts of kernels, including mycotoxins. It is a known fact that mycotoxins are resistant to thermal degradation, so they do not loose their toxicity during processing. Moulds from genus Fusarium spp. and Alternaria spp. synthesize mycotoxins, mostly zearalenon and ochratoxin A. The aim of the investigation was to examine mould contamination of wheat grain, as well as to identify the isolated species, especially those capable of producing toxins, and to determine their impact on technological quality, safety and sanitary condition of wheat. Six varieties of wheat, contaminated with moulds, were investigated. Each sample was separated manually into four fractions: sound kernels, black germ kernels, kernels infected slightly and those infected severely with Fusarium spp.

scholarly journals Frequency of toxigenic Fusarium species and fusariotoxins in wheat grain in Serbia

2007 ◽  
pp. 93-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavica Stankovic ◽  
Jelena Levic ◽  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Aleksandra Bocarov-Stancic ◽  
Sonja Tancic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Genus Fusarium

A total of 88 and 40 wheat samples collected immediately prior to harvest in 2005 and 2006, respectively, under different agroecological conditions, were studied in respect to the occurrence of Fusarium spp. and the production of fusariotoxins. The greatest number of samples was infected with species of the genera Fusarium (81.8 and 65.0%), and Alternaria (36.3 and 17.5%) with the intensity ranging from 9.4 to 84.0% in 2005 and from 23.4 to 80.6% in 2006. Out of 13 identified species belonging to the genus Fusarium, F. graminearum had the highest frequency (35.2 and 12.5%) and the intensity up to 67.2%, and 21.9%, in 2005 and 2006, respectively, followed by F. poae but only in 2005 (20.4%), and F. proliferatum in 2006 (19.7%). The natural occurrence of mycotoxins in positive samples varied from 37 to 331 ppb for zearalenone and from 31 to 125 ppb for diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) and T-2 toxin. The concentration of mycotoxins amounted, on average, to 133.4, 61.0 and 45.7 ppb for zearelenone, DAS and T-2 toxin, respectively.

THE EFFECT OF SOIL MOISTURE ON FUSARIUM SPECIES

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Stover
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Optimum Growth ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Genus Fusarium ◽  
Saturated Condition ◽  
Soil Saturation

Six species and forms of the genus Fusarium show optimum growth and survival in soil at 15% saturation. Optimum soil moisture content for actinomycete growth and survival is similar to that for the Fusarium species whereas that for bacteria is at 75% soil saturation. The present studies indicate that Fusarium spp. are strongly aerobic and that Fusarium populations can be greatly reduced by maintaining the soil in a saturated condition in the absence of hosts.

scholarly journals Survey of Fusarium spp. Causing Wheat Crown Rot in Major Winter Wheat Growing Regions of China

Plant Disease ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 1610-1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-xiang Zhang ◽  
Hai-yan Sun ◽  
Cheng-mei Shen ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Han-shou Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Crown Rot ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Phylogenetic Structure ◽  
Fusarium Crown Rot ◽  
Fusarium Asiaticum ◽  
Predominant Pathogen

Fusarium crown rot of wheat has become more prevalent in China. To investigate the phylogenetic structure of Fusarium causing wheat crown rot in China, wheat basal stems with symptoms of the disease were collected from 2009 to 2013 in Jiangsu, Anhui, Henan, Hebei, and Shandong provinces. In total, 175 Fusarium isolates were collected and their mycotoxin chemotypes and distribution were identified. Among the 175 isolates, 123 were Fusarium asiaticum; 95 of these were the chemotype 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) and 28 were nivalenol (NIV). Thirty-seven isolates belonged to F. graminearum, which were all 15-AcDON. Smaller numbers of isolates consisted of F. acuminatum, F. pseudograminearum, and F. avenaceum. The virulence of F. asiaticum and F. graminearum isolates on wheat crowns and heads was comparable. The virulence of isolates of the DON and NIV chemotype were statistically similar, but DON tended to be more aggressive. The DON concentrations in grains from wheat heads inoculated with isolates causing either Fusarium head blight or crown rot were similar. In the five provinces, F. asiaticum of the 3-AcDON chemotype was the predominant pathogen causing crown rot, followed by F. graminearum. Recent changes in causal Fusarium species, chemotypes, and distribution in China are discussed.

scholarly journals Effects of fertilisers on winter wheat infection caused by Fusarium species

2009 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Jelena Levic ◽  
Zorica Nesic ◽  
Slavica Stankovic
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Stemphylium Botryosum ◽  
Wheat Kernel ◽  
Alternaria Species ◽  
Wheat Kernels

Effects of fertilisers on the grain yield (t ha-1) and the development of mycobiota, especially of the Fusarium species, in winter wheat kernels were observed. Fertilisers were applied in the following variants: T1 - 30m3 of slurry (pre-sowing treatment) and 25 m3 of slurry (top-dressing), T2 - 22.500 kg of manure (pre-sowing treatment) and 220 kg of urea (top-dressing), T3 - 300 kg of urea (top-dressing) and T4 - the control without application of fertilisers. The average wheat grain yield was the highest in the treatment T2 (6.9 t ha-1), then in T3 (6.3 t ha-1) and T1 (6.2 t ha-1), while the lowest wheat grain yield (4.3 t ha-1) was registered in the control (T4). Fungi of genera Alternaria (88.8-96.3%) and Fusarium (3.7-11.1%) were mainly isolated from all wheat kernel samples collected after harvest (T1-T4). Species of the genus Dreschlera were isolated in treatments T1 (0.3%) and T2 (0.2%). The species Stemphylium botryosum was isolated only in the treatment T1 (0.2%). F. graminearum (3.5-10.8%) was isolated from wheat kernels in all observed treatments, while F. sporotrichioides was isolated in treatments T1 (0.6%), T2 (0.5%) and T3 (0.3%). F. poae (0.3%) and F. subglutinans (0.2%) were isolated in the treatment T2, while F. graminearum was predominantly present in treatments T3 (10.8%), T1 (8.7%) and T2 (7.8%), and in the control T4 (3.5%). The obtained results point out that the application of urea affected the decrease in the intensity of Alternaria species infestation, but it also affected the increase of frequency of Fusarium species, especially F. graminearum, in comparison with the control and other treatments. Negative correlation was registered between the grain yield and the intensity of infestation of Fusarium species (collectively) and F. graminearum (individually).

scholarly journals VARIETAL COMPOSITION AND FREQUENCY OF FUSARIUM PRESENCE ON WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE TAMBOV REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-76
Author(s):  
G. N. Buchneva ◽  
I. V. Gusev ◽  
O. I. Korabelskaya ◽  
N. N. Dubrovskaya ◽  
V. V. Chekmarev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fusarium Sporotrichioides ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Wheat Seeds

In the climatic conditions of the Central Black-earth region, the infection of wheat grain with Fusarium fungi is of latent nature and can only be detected by mycological analysis. For this reason, the varietal composition of the pathogenic complex of fungi Fusarium on winter and spring wheat has not been thoroughly studied yet. Working with the problem in the conditions of the Tambov region, it was found that the grain of these varieties was infected with various species of Fusarium. The most infected spring wheat varieties were “Nik” (69%), “Biora” (45%) and “Prokhorovka” (30%). The varieties “Saratovskaya 29” (4%) and “Tulaikovskaya 100” (5%) were less infected than the other. Nine species of fungus Fusarium spp. found on spring wheat seeds were F. acuminatum Ellis, an Everhart (1895), a Wollenweber (1917), F. avenaceum (Corda ex Fries) Saccardo (1886), F. culmorum (WG Smith) Saccardo  (1895), F. equiseti (Corda) Saccardo (1886), F. poae (Peck) Wollenweber in Lewis (1913), F. sambucinum Fuckel (1869), F. semitectum Berkeley and Ravenel in Berkeley (1875), F. sporotrichioides Sherbakoff (1915) and F. tricinctum (Corda) Saccardo (1886). The leading position was occupied by the species Fusarium sporotrichioides and F. avenaceum. The frequency of their occurrence on spring wheat seeds was 56.6 and 20.9%, respectively. The contamination of winter wheat with a Fusarium fungus was lower than the infection of spring wheat (1–8%). Four species of Fusarium spp. were identified on the seeds of winter wheat, they are F. avenaceum (Corda ex Fries) Saccardo (1886), F. graminearum Schwabe (1838), F. poae (Peck) Wollenweber in Lewis (1913) and F. sporotrichioides Sherbakoff (1915). The dominant position belonged to the species Fusarium poae and F. sporotrichioides (41.7 and 37.5%). It has been shown that the level of infection of wheat seeds by Fusarium fungi depends on the variety resistance to the infection.

scholarly journals Composition and Predominance of Fusarium Species Causing Fusarium Head Blight in Winter Wheat Grain Depending on Cultivar Susceptibility and Meteorological Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 617
Author(s):  
Tim Birr ◽  
Mario Hasler ◽  
Joseph-Alexander Verreet ◽  
Holger Klink
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Dna Amount ◽  
Cultivar Susceptibility ◽  
Dna Amounts

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the most important diseases of wheat, causing yield losses and mycotoxin contamination of harvested grain. A complex of different toxigenic Fusarium species is responsible for FHB and the composition and predominance of species within the FHB complex are determined by meteorological and agronomic factors. In this study, grain of three different susceptible winter wheat cultivars from seven locations in northern Germany were analysed within a five-year survey from 2013 to 2017 by quantifying DNA amounts of different species within the Fusarium community as well as deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) concentrations. Several Fusarium species co-occur in wheat grain samples in all years and cultivars. F. graminearum was the most prevalent species, followed by F. culmorum, F. avenaceum and F. poae, while F. tricinctum and F. langsethiae played only a subordinate role in the FHB complex in terms of DNA amounts. In all cultivars, a comparable year-specific quantitative occurrence of the six detected species and mycotoxin concentrations were found, but with decreased DNA amounts and mycotoxin concentrations in the more tolerant cultivars, especially in years with higher disease pressure. In all years, similar percentages of DNA amounts of the six species to the total Fusarium DNA amount of all detected species were found between the three cultivars for each species, with F. graminearum being the most dominant species. Differences in DNA amounts and DON and ZEA concentrations between growing seasons depended mainly on moisture factors during flowering of wheat, while high precipitation and relative humidity were the crucial meteorological factors for infection of wheat grain by Fusarium. Highly positive correlations were found between the meteorological variables precipitation and relative humidity and DNA amounts of F. graminearum, DON and ZEA concentrations during flowering, whereas the corresponding correlations were much weaker several days before (heading) and after flowering (early and late milk stage).

Mathematical modelling of the interaction of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Fusarium species (Fusarium spp.)

2022 ◽  
Vol 465 ◽  
pp. 109856
Author(s):  
Anton A. Goncharov ◽  
Anna S. Gorbatova ◽  
Alena A. Sidorova ◽  
Alexei V. Tiunov ◽  
Gennady A. Bocharov
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fusarium Spp

scholarly journals The effects of fungicides on Fusarium spp. and their associated mycotoxins in naturally infected winter wheat grain

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Skaidre Suproniene ◽  
Audrone Mankeviciene ◽  
Irena Gaurilcikiene
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Untreated Control ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Fusarium Spp

The effects of fungicides on Fusarium spp. and their associated mycotoxins in naturally infected winter wheat grain Field trials conducted at the Institute of Agriculture, Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (central part of Lithuania) in 2009 were aimed to evaluate the effect of fungicides on Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) in a naturally infected field. A single application of dimoxystrobin + epoxiconazole (Swing Gold), prothioconazole (Proline), metconazole (Juventus), tebuconazole (Folicur), prothioconazole + tebuconazole (Prosaro) was applied to winter wheat cv. ‘Zentos’ at the manufacturer's recommended doses at anthesis (BBCH 65). The FHB incidence and severity were assessed at milk and hard maturity stages. The percentage of Fusarium infected grain and deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEN) and T-2 toxin (T-2) concentrations in harvested grain were determined. In all fungicide treated plots a significant reduction of FHB incidence and severity was determined; however the fungicides did not exert any effect on the amount of Fusarium-infected grain as compared with the untreated control. A reduction of DON, ZEN and T-2 contents in grain was determined in tebuconazole treatments. Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc, F. culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc., F. poae (Peck) Wollenw, F. sporotrichioides Sherb. and F. tricinctum (Corda) Sacc were identified in wheat grain, F. poae was prevalent.

scholarly journals Healthiness of winter wheat and spring barley farmed under different systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (SI 2 - 6th Conf EFPP 2002) ◽  
pp. 662-666
Author(s):  
A. Łukanowski ◽  
A. Baturo ◽  
Cz. Sadowski
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Conventional Farms ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Conventional Farm

In 1997–2001 health of roots, stem bases and harvested grain of winter wheat and spring barley cultivated in organic and conventional farms in Poland was investigated. More isolates of B. sorokiniana were obtained from spring barley in the organic farm and Fusarium spp. in the conventional farm. Results of winter wheat health estimation were not clear. In the end of cropping season higher mean disease index for roots was observed in organic farm, and for stem bases the relation was opposite. The main casual agents were Fusarium spp. Their higher occurrence was observed on roots, stem bases and also on grain in the organic farm. Furthermore, organic farm conditions were favourable to Trichoderma spp. development and conventional one to Penicillium spp.

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