scholarly journals VARIETAL COMPOSITION AND FREQUENCY OF FUSARIUM PRESENCE ON WINTER WHEAT VARIETIES IN THE TAMBOV REGION

2019 ◽  
pp. 74-76
Author(s):  
G. N. Buchneva ◽  
I. V. Gusev ◽  
O. I. Korabelskaya ◽  
N. N. Dubrovskaya ◽  
V. V. Chekmarev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Fusarium Sporotrichioides ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Dominant Position ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Wheat Seeds

In the climatic conditions of the Central Black-earth region, the infection of wheat grain with Fusarium fungi is of latent nature and can only be detected by mycological analysis. For this reason, the varietal composition of the pathogenic complex of fungi Fusarium on winter and spring wheat has not been thoroughly studied yet. Working with the problem in the conditions of the Tambov region, it was found that the grain of these varieties was infected with various species of Fusarium. The most infected spring wheat varieties were “Nik” (69%), “Biora” (45%) and “Prokhorovka” (30%). The varieties “Saratovskaya 29” (4%) and “Tulaikovskaya 100” (5%) were less infected than the other. Nine species of fungus Fusarium spp. found on spring wheat seeds were F. acuminatum Ellis, an Everhart (1895), a Wollenweber (1917), F. avenaceum (Corda ex Fries) Saccardo (1886), F. culmorum (WG Smith) Saccardo  (1895), F. equiseti (Corda) Saccardo (1886), F. poae (Peck) Wollenweber in Lewis (1913), F. sambucinum Fuckel (1869), F. semitectum Berkeley and Ravenel in Berkeley (1875), F. sporotrichioides Sherbakoff (1915) and F. tricinctum (Corda) Saccardo (1886). The leading position was occupied by the species Fusarium sporotrichioides and F. avenaceum. The frequency of their occurrence on spring wheat seeds was 56.6 and 20.9%, respectively. The contamination of winter wheat with a Fusarium fungus was lower than the infection of spring wheat (1–8%). Four species of Fusarium spp. were identified on the seeds of winter wheat, they are F. avenaceum (Corda ex Fries) Saccardo (1886), F. graminearum Schwabe (1838), F. poae (Peck) Wollenweber in Lewis (1913) and F. sporotrichioides Sherbakoff (1915). The dominant position belonged to the species Fusarium poae and F. sporotrichioides (41.7 and 37.5%). It has been shown that the level of infection of wheat seeds by Fusarium fungi depends on the variety resistance to the infection.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF “MELAFEN” GROWTH STIMULATOR APPLICATION WHEN TREATING WINTER WHEAT SEEDS WITH “POLARIS” SUBSTANCE

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Игорь Кузнецов ◽  
Igor' Kuznecov ◽  
Анастасия Поварницына ◽  
Anastasiya Povarnicyna ◽  
Марсель Ахметзянов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Processing Scheme ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The most important task at all stages of modern agriculture development is to increase the yield and quality of grain. Plant growth regulators can play a big role in this. The paper considers an impact of Polaris fungicide on winter wheat seeds and the use of growth regulator Melafen in winter wheat crops in Ufa region of the Republic of Bashkortostan are considered. The soil and climatic conditions of the growing season 2017-2018 years have influenced on formation of the yield and quality of winter wheat grain. Seed treatment with Polaris fungicide in combination with the crop care products provided productivity of 41.8-61.5 centner per hectare. The use of growth regulator Melafen in Ufa region of the Republic of Bashkortostan ensured an increase in crop yield up to 59.2-63.7 centner per hectare or 30.3-40.4%, depending on the processing scheme used. Determining the number of falls in the experience showed that this indicator fluctuated within 215-314 sec., which corresponds to the indicators for higher, first and second class of grain - a state of emergency more than 200 sec. In the experiment, the indicators of the nature of the grain had a value of from 671 to 758 g/l. The use of Polaris in the experiment contributed to the enhancement of the grain nature and reaching the level of the highest, 1.2 grade of grain. Due to the fact that in terms of quality group - all the options corresponded to group 2 of quality or grain of grade 3-5, the assessment of the quality of winter wheat grain shows that in the experience the quality of grain of all options corresponds to class 3.

scholarly journals CONSERVATION SOIL FERTILITY SOUND USE SYSTEM OF FERTILIZATION AND SEEDING RATE WINTER WHEAT

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Viktor Mazur ◽  
Hanna Pantsyreva ◽  
Yurii Kopytchuk
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Wheat Varieties

The biological yield potential of modern winter wheat varieties has been established. The market, changes of organizational and ownership structures in the agricultural sector are studied. The problem of stable and reliable production of winter wheat grain and improvement of its quality has been disclosed. The works of domestic and foreign scientists have been analyzed and their significant contribution to the creation of modern cultivation technology ensuring high profitability of winter wheat has been determined. Grain yields for competitive production are proved. The article is based on the importance in the technological regulation of cultivation of such components as rational fertilization, reasonable sowing norms, which allow to manage the production process of winter wheat crops and to receive high yields, to increase the economic efficiency of cultivation of crops. The efficiency of application of the increased background of fertilizer at the seeding rate of 3.0 million pieces is theoretically substantiated and experimentally proved. us. / ha to realize the genetic potential of winter wheat under the conditions of PE "Zetto", which is located in the village. Klekotina of Shargorod district, Vinnytsia region in the zone of Right-bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The system of agrotechnical measures and their combination in the technology of cultivation is optimized and economically justified, which ensures stable high yield and good quality of winter wheat grain. It is established that for optimization of production processes of plants and rational use of natural and climatic potential of the region and material and technical resources for the purpose of stable grain production. Taking into account the complex of unsolved problems concerning the optimal rate of sowing of winter wheat seeds on the increased backgrounds of fertilizers in relation to the specific soil and climatic conditions of cultivation and biological features of modern varieties and hybrids, technological aspects of cultivation are proposed, which preserve fertility. Key words: winter wheat, soil fertility, land use, variety, seeding rate, fertilizer system.

An experiment begun in 1958 measuring effects of N, P and K fertilizers on yield and N, P and K contents of grass:2. Residual effects on arable crops, 1968–76

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Penny ◽  
F. V. Widdowson
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Residual Effects ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Arable Crops ◽  
Soil P ◽  
K Fertilizer ◽  
K Depletion

SUMMARYAn experiment at Rothamsted during 1958–67 measured effects on yield, on K uptake and on soil K of applying all combinations of 38, 75 and 113 kg N and 0, 31 and 62 kg K/ha per cut to grass leys, which were cut and removed. Soil K was depleted most where most N and least K were given. Annual applications of 0, 33 and 66 kg P/ha were also tested; soil P was not depleted. The grass was then ploughed.In 1968, residual effects were measured by spring wheat. In 1969 and in 1970 104 kg/ha of fresh K was applied on half of each plot; potatoes (1969) and spring wheat (1970) valued residual and fresh effects of K.In 1971 potatoes tested 0, 104 and 208 kg/ha of fresh K, cumulatively with the three amounts given to the grass and also extra K (104 kg/ha) on half-plots, cumulatively with that given in 1969 and 1970. In 1972 winter wheat, and in 1974 and 1975 spring barley, measured residues of all treatments previously applied (the site was fallowed in 1973).Finally, in 1976, potatoes tested 0, 156 and 312 kg/ha of fresh K on whole plots, cumulatively with the previous dressings of K, and also 156 kg/ha of extra K on half-plots, again cumulatively. All these test crops were given basal N.Yields and K contents of wheat at ear emergence and yields of wheat grain were largest after grass given 38 kg N and 62 kg K/ha per cut, because here soil K depletion was least. Wheat grain yields benefited consistently from fresh K. K content of the wheat at ear emergence was a good indicator of the need for K, but K content of grain was not, because it was unaltered by K fertilizer. Barley was a poor test crop for K, because yields of grain were little affected by previous treatments.Percentage K in potato leaves (in July in 1969 and 1971, in August in 1976) and yield of tubers were well correlated. Largest yields in 1969, 1971 and 1976 came where the leaves contained 3·43, 3·76 and 2·82% K, respectively, i.e. from soil containing most exchangeable K, plus most fresh K. There was no indication that maximum yields had been obtained, so the largest amounts (kg/ha) of fresh K tested (104 in 1969, 312 in 1971 and 468 in 1976) were insufficient to counteract depletion of soil K by the grass. Because the grass did not deplete soil P, the test crops benefited only little from either residual or fresh P.

scholarly journals The Behavior of Wheat Varieties to Attack By Fusarium Spp. in Different Test

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Maria ȘOPTEREAN ◽  
Alexandra SUCIU ◽  
Elena NAGY
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Grain Protein Content ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Test Version ◽  
Qualitative Nature

Fusarium  is one of the most widespread and damaging diseases of cereal crops (wheat, barley, rye), mainly due to the attack on the ears. In favorable areas for Fusarium , attack causes significant damage in terms of quantity, as a result of reducing the number of berries and THGW's decline, and loss of a qualitative nature, due to lower grain protein content and mycotoxins occurrence. The yield losses caused by Fusarium in wheat, varies from year to year, mainly driven by climatic conditions and technological, source of inoculum and cultivated variety. The objective of this paper was to determine the reaction of wheat varieties to the attack by Fusarium spp. in different test conditions. The researches took place in ARDS Turda, in the Laboratory of Phytopathology. The experiments were located by randomized block method in three replications. Biological material was represented by three varieties of wheat, developed by the Laboratory of Wheat Improvement. Test methods were: uninoculated-untreated, inoculated-untreated, inoculated-treated and uninoculatedtreated. The inoculation was done with the suspension of Fusarium spp. and treatments were applied with products: Falcon 250 EC and Prosaro 460 EC. The manifestation degree of Fusarium was expressed as the percentage of ears and grains infected, and production was expressed by t / ha. After observations and statistical processing of data we can say that the percentage of infected grain varies between 0-16 %, for varieties studied. Yield obtained have been affected by the test version in the two experimental years, the lowest yields were obtained in natural and artificial infection, but without treatment, ranging between 4.7 to 4.9 t / ha in 2010 and 2.8 to 3.9 in 2011.

scholarly journals Reaction of wheat varieties to infection with barley yellow dwarf virus and prospects for resistance breeding

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 45-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Veškrna ◽  
J. Chrpová ◽  
V. Šíp ◽  
T. Sedláček ◽  
P. Horčička
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Barley Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Virus Content ◽  
Yellow Dwarf Virus

The reaction of winter and spring wheat to infection with barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-PAV) was evaluated in three-year small-plot field trials on 71 wheat varieties registered in the Czech Republic and at two locations for two years on 63 selected potential sources of resistance. Disease symptoms (VSS) were visually recorded using a 0&ndash;9 scale and the percent reduction of grain weight per spike (GWS-R) was measured on twenty plants per plot. The evaluation showed that among the registered varieties of winter and spring wheat no variety had a high resistance to BYDV (with VSS lower than 3.5). GWS-R ranged between 24% and 60%. Higher variability in VSS was detected for the registered varieties of spring wheat compared to winter wheat. Among the registered varieties of winter wheat, Saskia, Rialto, Meritto, Rexia, and Svitava, as well as the spring wheat Leguan, received the best long-term evaluations. The highest level of resistance was detected for the PSR 3628 line (a hybrid of wheat and couch-grass), but in connection with a low agronomic value. The WKL91-138 line of spring wheat and some varieties (lines) with the detected moderate level of resistance, in particular, could offer good prospects for use in breeding. The presence of the Bdv2 gene was expressed only in the reduction of virus content on the 11<sup>th</sup> day after inoculation. Nevertheless, genotypes carrying this gene were evaluated in field trials as susceptible or very susceptible to infection with the Czech PAV isolate. Similarly, the presence of the Bdv1 gene detected with the help of WMS130 marker was no assurance of an increased level of resistance to BYDV. Hybridological analyses of crosses with the WKL91-138 line showed a polygenic nature of inheritance. Thus, the marker-assisted selection does not obviously promise success without a focus on detecting a larger number of QTLs.

scholarly journals Colonization of wheat grain by Fusaria in two crop management systems varying in intensity of production technology

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Czaban ◽  
B. Wróblewska ◽  
A. Sułek ◽  
G. Podolska
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Production Technology ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Management ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Infection Level ◽  
Crop Management Systems ◽  
Rainfall Level

Colonization of wheat grain by Fusaria in two crop management systems varying in intensity of production technology The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of two cropping systems (intensive and integrated) on infection level of winter and spring wheat kernels by Fusarium species. Field experiments were conducted with winter wheat ‘Tonacja’ and spring wheat ‘Bombona’ during two consecutive growing seasons (2007/2008 and 2008/2009 - winter wheat, and 2008 and 2009 - spring wheat). A rainfall level in 2009 from the last decade of May to the first decade of July was 2.5-times higher than that in 2008. After the harvest, kernels were surface disinfected with 1.5% NaOCl solution for 2 min and then analysed for the infection level by different species of Fusarium. Fusaria were isolated on CZID medium and identified on the basis of macro - and micro-morphology on three media (PDA, SNA and a medium containing tannin). Our results demonstrate that the wheat grain infection by Fusarium depended mainly on a rainfall level. The intensive cropping system was more conducive to the grain infection by fusaria in comparison to the integrated one. The most frequent species were F. avenaceum in 2008, and F. graminearum, F. avenaceum and F. poae in 2009.

scholarly journals Influence of microbial preparations and mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Chaikovskaya ◽  
◽  
V.V. Klyuchenko ◽  
M.I. Baranskaya ◽  
O.L. Ovsienko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Grain Productivity ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Biological Farming

The use of biological products based on effective strains of microorganisms with a range of useful properties is one of the aspects of biological farming. The long-term field experiments were conducted in the soil and climatic conditions of the Crimea. А positive effect of the combined use of mineral fertilizers (NPK calculated at P30) and pre-sown inoculation of seeds (biopreparation based on L. nimipressuralis CCM 32-3) on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain was shown. The increase in grain productivity of winter wheat by 31 % compared to control (on average for 3 years) and grain quality indicators: protein and gluten – up to 12.5% and 28.0 % (in the control 9.9% and 19.2%, respectively) was revealed.

scholarly journals Technology of nutriating winter wheat varieties in variety-soil-fertilizer system

2021 ◽  
Vol 244 ◽  
pp. 02040
Author(s):  
Bakhtiyor Atoev ◽  
Jandos Kaypnazorov ◽  
Mukhayyo Egamberdieva ◽  
Samad Makhammadiev ◽  
Murod Karimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
Soil Fertilizer ◽  
Winter Wheat Varieties

In this article, the reaction of winter wheat varieties to fertilizers in irrigated soils in the varietal-soil-fertilizer system was studied and a feeding system was developed and recommended for each soil-climatic conditions and varieties. Appropriate fertilizer standards have been developed for each wheat variety, which have increased the germination, weeding, accumulation, tuberization, spike formation, dry mass accumulation, grain quality, and yield structure and yield of winter wheat. N250P200K200 kg/ha was obtained from Polovchanka variety of winter wheat at the rate of N250P200K200 kg/ha used in irrigated brown meadow soils, while in typical irrigated gray soils the yield of winter wheat was higher than N250P200K200 kg/ha of pure wheat with N250P200K200 kg/ha. Grain yield was 80.18 tons/ha from Tanya variety, 76.38 tons/ha from Krasnodar-99 variety and 82.32 tons/ha from Polovchanka variety under N200P150K150 kg/ha. Under the influence of the same optimal fertilizer standards, the growth and development of winter wheat, nutrient accumulation, and grain yield and grain quality are improved, and the efficiency of fertilizers is increased.

scholarly journals Effect of pesticide treatment of spring wheat plots on seed yields

2021 ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
O. A. Demydov ◽  
A. A. Siroshtan ◽  
V. P. Kavunets ◽  
O. A. Zaima ◽  
S. F. Liskovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Pesticide Treatment ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Introduction. High-quality varietal seeds, which can ensure a gain of 0.2–0.4 t/ha in the yields from their offspring, is one of the most important and cost-effective means to increase the gross grain collection of grain. Purpose. To study productive capacities of spring wheat seeds depending on treatment of fields with fungicides and insecticides. Materials and methods. The following indicators were evaluated: swelling activity, germination energy, laboratory germinability, initial growth strength, coleoptile length and the number of radicles. Seed samples that after pesticide treatment had showed the best results were tested in field experiments for productive capacities. The experimental plot area was 10 m2, in six replications. Seeds were sown with a seeder SN-10Ts after soybean with a seeding rate of 5 million germinable seeds per hectare. Spring wheat seeds produced in the experimental plots, which were treated with fungicides Akula (0.6 L/ha) and Soligor 425 EC (0.6 L/ha) and insecticides Fas (0.15 L/ha) and Karate Zeon 050 CS (0.15 L/ha) in organogenesis stages VI, VIII and X, were evaluated for productive capacities. The study was carried out on varieties MIP Zlata, Bozhena, MIP Raiduzhna and Diana. Results and discussion. Over the study years, the gain in the yields of spring wheat varieties grown from seeds of fungicide-treated plants was 0.23–0.36 t/ha; the gain in the yields of spring wheat varieties grown from seeds of insecticide-treated plants was – 0.24-0.31 t/ha. Pesticide-treated parental plants produced seeds with increased productive capacities: when such seeds were sown, the field germinability increased by 3-5%, and the plant survival – by 5-7%. Conclusions. The results indicate that the treatment of vegetating plants of spring wheat varieties in seed plots with fungicides and insecticides is a reliable way to obtain seeds with high productive capacities

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