scholarly journals Yugoslav-Greek relations from the end of the Second World War to 1990 chronology, phases, problems and achievements

Balcanica ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 257-282
Author(s):  
Milan Ristovic
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
World War ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Short Period ◽  
New Period ◽  
Yugoslav Republic ◽  
Second World

Yugoslav-Greek relations from the end of WWII to the breakup of Yugoslavia and went through several phases. A short period of interlude when the diplomatic relations were re-established 1945/1946 was followed by a much longer one (1946-1950) of conflict due to the Yugoslav support to the Communists in the Greek Civil War. A pragmatic approach to the issue of both parties resulted in a prolonged period (1950-1967) of working relations that culminated in the signing of tripartite treaties with Turkey, Treaty of Ankara (1953) and Bled Agreements (1954). Even though the treaties lost most of their importance after the reconciliation between Belgrade and Moscow in 1955/1956, and the Cyprus crisis, they created a climate of correct relations between two neighbouring states marked by reciprocal visits on the highest level. The coup d??tat of April 1967 brought to power a dictatorship in Greece (1967-1974) and thus inaugurated a new period of tensions in bilateral relations. The last period 1974-1990 was characterized by good working relations between Belgrade and Athens mainly due to the Greece?s efforts to integrate the European Economic Community (EEC) that supposed good relations with its neighbours. The issue of relations of Athens with Socialist Republic of Macedonia, first as a part of Socialst Yugoslavia, and then, after the collapse of the Federation, as the independent country, proved to be the last problem for Yugoslavia and a lasting one for the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, as it used to be known after 1990.

scholarly journals Nexos entre México y Europa Centro-Oriental

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Mónika Szente-Varga
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
National Archive ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
World War ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Second World

The first diplomatic and consular relations were established between Mexico and the Habsburg Empire in the 1800 s, motivated basically by commerdal reasons and dynastic interests. These got to an abrupt end with the execution of Emperor Maximilian in Querétaro in 1867, and diplomatic relations were resumed only decades later, in 1901, which is, in fact, our starting point. This essay examines the development of diplomatic relations between Mexico and Central-Eastern Europe from the beginning of the 20'' centuiy until nowadays. It is divided into chronological chapters, where we study bilateral relations in the coordinates of the following periods: beginning of the century, the period between the two world wars, the Second World War, Cold War and recent years. The investigation in based on documents of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Mexico (SRE-AHD) and of the Hungarian National Archive (MOL).

La “neutralidad” chilena en la Segunda Guerra Mundial (1939-1943): Un análisis historiográfico con énfasis en la literatura sobre las relaciones Chile-Japón

2016 ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Pedro Iacobelli Delpiano
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Vice President ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
World War ◽  
International History ◽  
Roosevelt Administration ◽  
The Us ◽  
Second World

ResumenLa literatura sobre la historia internacional de Chile durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial ha centrado el debate en torno al juego de presiones ejercidas por los Estados Unidos hacia los gobiernos radicales de Jerónimo Méndez Arancibia y Juan Antonio Ríos Morales para conseguir que Chile se sumara a la política continental contra las fuerzas del Eje. La neutralidad chilena fue interpretada como una actitud traicionera por los estadounidenses y en un triunfo por los países del Eje durante 1941 a 1943. Este artículo introduce el debate y busca presentar las posibilidades historiográficas al incluir a Japón, tanto como actor relevante en la política chilena como receptor de la “neutralidad” chilena en el periodo.Palabras clave: Chile, Japón, Segunda Guerra Mundial, Estados Unidos, historiografíaThe Chilean “Neutrality” in World War II (1939-1943): A historiographical analysis focused on the literature of the diplomatic relations between Chile and JapanAbstractThe literature about Chile´s international history during World War II has heavily laid on the power dynamics between the US and the Chilean radical governments of vice-president (interim) Jerónimo Méndez Arancibia and president Juan Antonio Rios Morales. Since the Roosevelt administration sought to secure the rupture of diplomatic relations between Chile and the Axis powers, Santiago´s refusal to break relations was understood as treason by the US and as a diplomatic success by the Axis powers during 1941-1943.This paper delves into the historiographical possibilities in including Japan, either as a relevant actor in the Chilean politics and as receptor of the newsabout Chile´s neutrality.Keywords: Chile, Japan, Second World War, United States, historiographyA “neutralidade” chilena na segunda guerra mundial(1939-1943): uma análise historiográfica, com ênfase naliteratura sobre as relações Chile-JapãoResumoA literatura sobre a história internacional do Chile durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial tem-se centrado no debate em torno ao jogo de pressões exercidas pelos Estados Unidos aos governos radicais de Jerónimo Méndez Arancibia e Juan Antonio Rios Morales, para conseguir que o Chile pudesse se somar a política continental contra as forças do Eixo. A neutralidade chilena foi interpretada como uma atitude traiçoeira pelos norte-americanos e uma vitória para os países do Eixo durante 1941 a 1943. Este artigo introduz o debate e procura a presentar as possibilidades historiográficas ao incluir ao Japão, tanto como um ator relevante na política chilena como o destinatário da “neutralidade” chilena no período.Palavras-chave: Chile, Japão, Segunda Guerra Mundial, Estados Unidos, historiografia

MEMORY OF WORLD WAR II AS A FACTOR IN CONTEMPORARY U.S.-CHINA RELATIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Ivan A. Tsvetkov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Common Enemy ◽  
Regional Leadership ◽  
Chinese Military ◽  
Second World

This article explores how the memory of World War II affects contemporary US-China relations. Despite the fact that both of these coun- tries were in the camp of the victorious powers, actively cooperated in the fight against a common enemy – Japan, and seemed to have retained the warmest memories of their “fighting brotherhood”, the study of their memorial prac- tices leads to much less optimistic conclusions. In the PRC, the memory of the Second World War up to the 1990s was deliberately removed from the socio-political discourse. Then, as part of the transition from the communist to the nationalist ideology, the interest in the events of the war years increased, but they were interpreted in a spirit of victimization, with an emphasis on the sufferings endured by the Chinese people as a result of external aggression. To- day, the memory of World War II is being used in China to underpin an active foreign policy, which is considered to be aimed at preventing the repetition of the terrible tragedies of the past. For Americans, victory in World War II was originally a symbol of the transformation of the United States into a Pacific power, a rationale for regional leadership. Until China claimed the same role, the memory of US-Chinese military cooperation could be used as a diplomatic tool; it was also possible to talk about the “foundation of friendship” on which bilateral relations were based. Today, this technique no longer works, a com - mon victory does not bring the United States and China closer, but drives them apart dragging the countries to the opposite sides of the barricades.

Alaska

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosita Kaaháni Worl
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Alaska Native ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Native People ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
World War ◽  
Sea Otters ◽  
New Period ◽  
Second World

This chapter offers an overview of the experiences of the four major cultural groups within the borders of modern Alaska: Eskimos (Yup’ik, Inupiat), Aleuts, Athabaskans, and the Haida and Tlingit Indians. After describing the nature of precontact Alaskan cultures, the chapter describes the era of Russian rule (dominated by the trade in sea otters, the violent subjugation of the Aleuts, and the advent of Russian Orthodox missionaries), the American purchase and its aftermath, the Second World War, and the tumultuous events accompanying the admission of Alaska to statehood in 1958. Throughout their encounter with outsiders, the indigenous peoples of Alaska have struggled with the introduction of new diseases, assaults on their subsistence traditions, and struggles over land ownership. The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (1971) has ushered in a new period of improvement even though the state’s Native people continue to struggle with the ongoing effects of colonialism.

scholarly journals The Role of Ethnographers in the Invention of Socialist Traditions in the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
Ilze Boldāne-Zeļenkova
Keyword(s):  
Communist Party ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Private Sphere ◽  
World War ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Second World

Abstract This study, based on archive document research and analysis of publications by Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (LSSR) ethnographers, discusses the process of invention and implementation of Socialist traditions and the role of scientists in this. The introduction of Soviet traditions in Latvia did not begin immediately after the Second World War when the communist occupation regime was restored. The occupation regime in the framework of an anti-religious campaign turned to the transformation of traditions that affect individual’s private sphere and relate to church rituals – baptism, confirmation, weddings, funerals, Latvian cemetery festivities – in the second half of 1950s, along with the implementation of revolutionary and labour traditions. In order to achieve the goals set by the Communist Party, a new structure of institutions was formed and specialists from many fields were involved, including ethnographers from the Institute of History at the LSSR Academy of Sciences (hereinafter – LSSR AS). Ethnographers offered recommendations, as well as observed and analysed the process, discussing it in meetings of official commissions and sharing the conclusions in scientific publications, presentations, etc.

The Ties that Bind: Dutch-American Relations, US Public Diplomacy and the Promotion of American Studies since the Second World War

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giles Scott-Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
American Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
World War ◽  
Second World

AbstractThis article examines the linkages between diplomacy and public diplomacy activities by tracing the promotion of American Studies in the Netherlands against the backdrop of US-Dutch diplomatic relations. The development of American Studies within the university systems of other nations has been a central part of US public diplomacy strategy since the Second World War. The belief has always been that this will contribute towards foreign publics being well-informed about the United States, its people and policies. By providing opportunities for research and teaching in the United States, and ultimately by establishing permanent positions, an academic community could be nurtured whose members would function as interpreters of all things American within their national environment. In this way a cross-border cultural affinity can be cultivated to provide a positive context for the practice of diplomatic relations. The case of the Netherlands demonstrates the interlinkage of short-term and long-term interests in pursuing this approach.

Frank Ryan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Christina Hirmer
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
World War ◽  
European Continent ◽  
Political Ideas ◽  
Return Home ◽  
Second World

The book describes the life and times of the well-known Irish Republican Francis „Frank“ Ryan. Ryan who fought for an all-Irish Republic and followed the political ideas of James Connolly and Charles Stewart, decided to fight fascism on the European continent and entered the Spanish Civil War on the side of the republican forces. While being in combat having the rank of a major in the International Brigades, he was captured in 1938 and became Franco’s most important prisoner. He had to endure two years in Burgos Prison before, due to the intervention of the German Abwehr, he had the chance to leave Spain with an option to return home. Instead of going back to Ireland, he ended up in Nazi-Germany at the beginning of the Second World War. Considering this background the book also examines the diplomatic relations between Ireland and Germany in the first half of the 20th century.

Ukraine, Russia, and the Question of Crimea

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
David R. Marples ◽  
David F. Duke
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
World War ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
The Military ◽  
Second World

The Crimean question developed as one of the major crises of the post-Soviet period among the two largest Slavic states of the former Soviet Union. It is an issue with several dimensions: the historical background; the case of the Crimean Tatars as an ipso facto aboriginal population deported en masse toward the end of the Second World War; the military-strategic question, with Crimea as the base for the Black Sea Fleet; economic and social developments; and the legality of the 1954 transfer of the peninsula from the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (RSFSR) to Ukraine in 1954.

J. G. Farrell's Indian Works: His Majesty's Subjects?

2003 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. R. A. Goonetilleke
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
Joseph Conrad ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Historical Novels ◽  
World War ◽  
Major Work ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Second World

. . . There had always been some corner of the Empire where His Majesty's subjects were causing trouble . . .J. G. Farrell, Troubles (London: Cape, 1990) p. 215.J. G. Farrell has, in common with Paul Scott, an admiration for Joseph Conrad (obvious in their use of symbolism, topographical and otherwise), a fascination with the decline of Empire as a subject for fiction; a reputation that rests on a series of historical novels on this subject. Farrell died at the age of 44 whereas Paul Scott did so at 58; therefore it is not fair to compare their overall achievement. Yet it is necessary to observe that, whereas Scott portrayed one country during a single short period in his major work, Farrell's view was global and spanned virtually a century, lighting upon three important crises in three different countries during three different periods: Troubles (1970), set in the context of the Irish disturbances of 1919-21; The Siege of Krishnapur (1973), located during the 1857 ‘Mutiny’ in India; The Singapore Grip (1978), focusing on the period leading up to the surrender of Singapore to the Japanese during the Second World War, the first signal defeat of the might of the British Empire by an Asian power.

scholarly journals Architectural dominants of the city of Chisinau built in the first years after the Second World War

Arta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Alina Ostapov ◽  
◽  
Irina Studzinski
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Urban Image ◽  
Urban Transformations ◽  
Soviet Ideology ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Given ◽  
Second World

The first years after the Second World War are characterized by the reconstruction of the cities of the Moldovan Soviet Socialist Republic (MSSR). The development of post-war architecture was dependent on political authorities. The regulations in the field led to special urban transformations. The Soviet urban image is a recognizable one, especially in the development of the main arteries, defined by spatial and volumetric greatness. Another impressive thing is the architecture of Stephen the Great boulevard, whose aesthetics promotes Soviet ideology. It had particular regulations regarding the alignment of the buildings, their height, their proportions, the aesthetics of the facades facing the boulevard, the relationship with the neighboring buildings and others, forming a coherent configuration. The established rules ordered the street front; the buildings often formed “parade courts”, increasing the visibility of the massive facades, called “parade facades”, which became recognizable by decorative exuberance. This article aims at observing the development of the constructions on a certain segment of the main artery of the capital of MSSR - one of the priority preoccupations of the authorities in the given period.

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