scholarly journals Design of pectin beads for oral protein delivery

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Urbano ◽  
António Ribeiro ◽  
Francisco Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Protein Delivery ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Important Class ◽  
Oral Protein Delivery ◽  
External Gelation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Calcium Pectinate ◽  
Matrix Reinforcement

Protein and peptide drugs are becoming a very important class of therapeutic agents owing to recent and remarkable advances in the area of biotechnology. However, most of them are not therapeutically active after oral administration due to severe physical and enzymatic barriers of the gastrointestinal tract. A combination of colonic targeting using pectin-based systems and microencapsulation methods was used to increase the oral bioavailability of proteins. The purpose of this investigation was therefore, to study under gastrointestinal the release conditions of bovine serum albumin from calcium pectinate beads prepared by extrusion/external gelation. Matrix reinforcement with dextran sulfate and different types of coatings was investigated.

scholarly journals Calcium Pectinate Gel Bead Intended for Oral Protein Delivery: Preparation Improvement and Formulation Development

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 663-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luqin Si ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Jiangeng Huang ◽  
Sha Li ◽  
Xuezhen Zhai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Delivery ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Oral Protein Delivery ◽  
Calcium Pectinate ◽  
Gel Bead

Synthesis and Biological Properties of some New Lead Sulphonamide and Carboxamide Scaffolds Bearing Coumarin Moiety (Mini Review)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cosmas Chinweike Eze ◽  
Mercy Amarachukwu Ezeokonkwo ◽  
Benjamin Ebere Ezema ◽  
Abraham Efeturi Onoabedje ◽  
David Izuchukwu Ugwu
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Amide Group ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Important Class ◽  
Synthetic Route ◽  
Therapeutic Activities

: Coumarin, sulphonamide and amide scaffolds exhibit diverse pharmacological features and constitute an important class of therapeutic agents. In this review, we have discussed the synthesis, biological properties, and SAR of coumarins containing sulphonamide or amide group in the last seven years. Many reviews on the therapeutic activities of coumarins, sulphonamides, and amides have been published, hence the authors focused on coumarin-linked sulphonamide or amide scaffolds. The review provides information on the synthetic route to new coumarins containing sulphonamide or amide groups with improved pharmacological properties.

scholarly journals Development of an M cell targeted nanocomposite system for effective oral protein delivery: preparation, in vitro and in vivo characterization

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Geun Song ◽  
Sang Hoon Lee ◽  
Hyo-Kyung Han
Keyword(s):  
Protein Delivery ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Protein Drugs ◽  
Gi Tract ◽  
Core Complex ◽  
M Cell ◽  
Protein Core ◽  
Oral Protein Delivery ◽  
Nanocomposite System ◽  
Free Insulin

Abstract Background There is a strong need for non-invasive and patient-friendly delivery systems of protein drugs for long-term therapy. However, oral delivery of protein drugs is a big challenge due to many barriers including instability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and low permeability. To overcome the absorption barriers in GI tract and improve the patient compliance, this study aimed to develop an M cell targeted-nanocomposite delivery system of protein drugs. Results An aminoclay-protein core complex (AC-Ins) was prepared by using insulin as a model protein and then sequentially coated with Ulex europaeus agglutinin 1 (UEA-1) for M-cell targeting and the pH sensitive polymer, Eudragit® L100 (EUAC-Ins). All nanoparticles were obtained with a high entrapment efficiency (> 90%) and their structural characteristics were confirmed by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and circular dichroism. Among the developed nanoparticles, EUAC-Ins effectively suppressed drug release at pH 1.2, while rapidly released drugs at pH 6.8 due to dissolution of the outer coating layer. The conformational stability of insulin entrapped in EUAC-Ins was well maintained in the presence of proteolytic enzymes. Compared to free insulin, EUAC-Ins increased the membrane transport of insulin by 4.4-fold in M cells. In parallel, oral administration of EUAC-Ins in mice enhanced insulin uptake by 4.1-fold in the intestinal Peyer’s patches and 2.6-fold in intestinal epithelium tissues with normal villi, compared to free insulin. Orally administered EUAC-Ins decreased significantly the blood glucose level in diabetic mice, while the effect of oral insulin solution was negligible. Conclusion An M cell targeted-ternary nanocomposite system obtained by dual coating of the aminoclay-protein core complex with UEA-1 and a pH dependent polymer is promising as an effective oral protein delivery carrier.

scholarly journals Monoclonal Antibodies as Neurological Therapeutics

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Gklinos ◽  
Miranta Papadopoulou ◽  
Vid Stanulovic ◽  
Dimos D. Mitsikostas ◽  
Dimitrios Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Neurological Conditions ◽  
Disease Pathways

Over the last 30 years the role of monoclonal antibodies in therapeutics has increased enormously, revolutionizing treatment in most medical specialties, including neurology. Monoclonal antibodies are key therapeutic agents for several neurological conditions with diverse pathophysiological mechanisms, including multiple sclerosis, migraines and neuromuscular disease. In addition, a great number of monoclonal antibodies against several targets are being investigated for many more neurological diseases, which reflects our advances in understanding the pathogenesis of these diseases. Untangling the molecular mechanisms of disease allows monoclonal antibodies to block disease pathways accurately and efficiently with exceptional target specificity, minimizing non-specific effects. On the other hand, accumulating experience shows that monoclonal antibodies may carry class-specific and target-associated risks. This article provides an overview of different types of monoclonal antibodies and their characteristics and reviews monoclonal antibodies currently in use or under development for neurological disease.

Suppression of liver uptake of orally fed liposomes by injection (I.P.) of dextran sulfate 500

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nirmalendu Das ◽  
Mukul Kumar Basu ◽  
Manoj Kumar Das
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Portal Blood ◽  
Human Immunoglobulin ◽  
Liver Uptake ◽  
Human Immunoglobulin G

125Iodine labelled human immunoglobulin-G encapsulated liposomes were administered orally to rats. Distribution of radioactivity was checked in various tissues and in portal blood. The effect of dextran sulfate (DS 500,000 m. wt., liver blockade agent) injection (i.p.) on the liver uptake of liposomes and on the amount of liposomes appearing in the portal blood from the gastrointestinal tract have been studied. An increased amount of radioactivity was observed in the portal blood and the amount of radioactivity in the liver decreased appreciably after injection of dextran sulfate. In both the cases the action of dextran sulfate started 2 hours after injection and reached maximum at 12 hour, falling slightly at 24 hour.

Histopathological study of gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies in pediatric patients

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faten A Ghazal ◽  
Wesam M Osman ◽  
Sarah A Hakim ◽  
Nada N Tamem
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Gastrointestinal Lesions ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Gastrointestinal Inflammation

Abstract Background Non neoplastic GI lesions in pediatrics are variable and differ in types and prevalence among each pediatric age group. Helicobacter pylori is an important pathogen that can cause gastritis and peptic ulcers in adults as well as in children. Celiac disease is a gluten-dependent autoimmune disorder which affects individuals having genetic susceptibility. Eosinophilic gastrointestinal diseases are disorders that primarily affect the gastrointestinal tract with eosinophil-rich inflammation in the absence of known causes for eosinophilia. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder, mainly affecting the gastrointestinal tract with extraintestinal manifestations and associated immune disorders. It seems that it is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases affecting children in the developed countries. Aim of the work To study different types of paediatric non neoplastic gastrointestinal lesions from gastrointestinal endoscopic biopsies received at the Pathology Department in Ain Shams University hospital during a period of 2 years (2017-2018), and to correlate them with the clinicopathological presentations and endoscopic findings. Patients and Methods A cross sectional study was conducted on all pediatric gastrointestinal biopsies received at Pathology Department in Ain Shams University Hospital during the period of two years (2017- 2018). Only cases with information for all the covariates (n = 580) were selected and the results were statistically analyzed. Results Total 580 pediatric cases were enrolled according to inclusion criteria. Nonspecific gastrointestinal inflammation represented (47.1%), Helicobacter pylori associated gastrointestinal inflammation represented (43.5%), Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease represented (3.8%), Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represented (3.7%), Celiac disease represented (1.9%). Conclusion This is the first study conducted in Ain Shams University Hospitals to assess the different types of pediatric non neoplastic gastrointestinal lesions received with clinicopathological and endoscopic correlation. The most common pediatric non neoplastic GI lesion is Helicobacter pylori infection. The diagnosis of pediatric non neoplastic GI disorder necessitates interdepartmental teamwork between GI pediatricians and pathologists.

scholarly journals Computer-Assisted Segmentation of Videocapsule Images Using Alpha-Divergence-Based Active Contour in the Framework of Intestinal Pathologies Detection

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Meziou ◽  
A. Histace ◽  
F. Precioso ◽  
O. Romain ◽  
X. Dray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Active Contour ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Contour Segmentation ◽  
Semiautomatic Segmentation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Statistical Similarity ◽  
Wireless Capsule

Visualization of the entire length of the gastrointestinal tract through natural orifices is a challenge for endoscopists. Videoendoscopy is currently the “gold standard” technique for diagnosis of different pathologies of the intestinal tract. Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) has been developed in the 1990s as an alternative to videoendoscopy to allow direct examination of the gastrointestinal tract without any need for sedation. Nevertheless, the systematic postexamination by the specialist of the 50,000 (for the small bowel) to 150,000 images (for the colon) of a complete acquisition using WCE remains time-consuming and challenging due to the poor quality of WCE images. In this paper, a semiautomatic segmentation for analysis of WCE images is proposed. Based on active contour segmentation, the proposed method introduces alpha-divergences, a flexible statistical similarity measure that gives a real flexibility to different types of gastrointestinal pathologies. Results of segmentation using the proposed approach are shown on different types of real-case examinations, from (multi)polyp(s) segmentation, to radiation enteritis delineation.

Deoxy Sugars. General methods for carbohydrate deoxygenation and glycosidation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Marino ◽  
Andrea Verónica V. Bordoni
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Important Class ◽  
Deoxy Sugars

Deoxy sugars represent an important class of carbohydrates, present in a large number of biomolecules involved in multiple biological processes. In various antibiotics, antimicrobials, and therapeutic agents the presence of...

Neomycin: Its Nature and Practical Application

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1188-1188
Author(s):  
JOHN M. ADAMS
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
History Of ◽  
Antiseptic Agent

This book on neomycin is an excellent compilation f information on an antibiotic that has gained a permanent place among the useful therapeutic agents of today. Edited by Dr. Waksman and his associates, comprising a total of 35 contributors, no aspect of the story of neomycin is untouched from its brief history of less than ten years since its discovery in 1949 to its everyday use in clinical medicine at the present time. Neomycin has found a permanent place in the therapy of man and animals, and because it is not readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract it has become an ideal intestinal antiseptic agent as well as being highly useful in the treatment of many infectious diseases.

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