scholarly journals Inequality and development

2003 ◽  
Vol 44 (159) ◽  
pp. 21-61
Author(s):  
Biljana Jovanovic-Gavrilovic
Keyword(s):  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Symmetry Principle ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Development Level ◽  
The Lorenz Curve ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Inequality can be analyzed from various aspects. In this paper our attention is drawn to economic inequality, most frequently manifested through income and wealth. The measurement of economic inequality is a complex task. The Lorenz curve and a number of numerical indices are applied, and let us mention the following ones: the Gini coefficient, the coefficient of variation, the Theil index and the Atkinson measure. These indices do satisfy the criteria (principles) presenting, according to general consent an appropriate measure of economic inequality: anonymity (symmetry) principle, population principle, relative income principle and the Dalton principle of transfer. In recent times, the problem of inequality has been attracting a lot of attention. The explanation should be sought in the widening of income differences (within individual countries and between them) and also in new knowledge about the relationship between inequality and development. The attitude to inequality being determined mainly by the economic development level (as presented in the Kuznets hypothesis) is gradually being replaced by the attitude to inequality being the determinant of income and its growth. Contrary to previous beliefs about the stronger income inequalities being favorable to the economic growth, more recent research has pointed to the fact that a more equal distribution of income through various channels, can possibly act as an efficient stimulus of growth.

scholarly journals Relationship Between Poverty and Economic Development: A Study on the Regions of Turkey

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Ay ◽  
Emine Fırat ◽  
Fatih Mangır
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Is Development ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The concept of development has been evaluated by several economic scholars within different historical processes. The meaning of the concept has changed towards the direction from a single theoretical perspective into a multi-theoretical perspective. One of these perspectives is alleviation of poverty. Poverty appears when people cannot meet basic needs for their lives. Poverty level is total amount of expenditure which is necessary to meet the basic needs. Poverty level is the determinant of welfare level of a country and its regions. Poverty numbers and poverty level are criteria indicating to what extent is development achieved. Income distribution is another issue which must be handled with poverty. Fair distribution of income must be an important policy in alleviating poverty. In this context, impact of income distribution must be positive on development level. In this study, the relationship between poverty and development has been presented within the context of Turkey and its regions.

Factors and Personal Income Distributions and Taxation in General Equilibrium

1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Creedy ◽  
G. C. Lim
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Labour Supply ◽  
Personal Income ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Heterogeneous Preferences ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Income Distributions ◽  
Equity And Efficiency ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income

This paper explores the relationship between the factor distribution and the personal distribution of income, and the implications for these distributions of changes in income taxation. A small general equilibrium model with CES production functions and preferences is used. A feature of the model is that it includes many individuals with heterogeneous preferences in order to generate the personal income distribution. Income differences are generated by differential labour supply responses to a given tax structure. Numerical results are obtained, including sensitivity analyses. Special attention is given to the trade-off between equity and efficiency implied by the model.

scholarly journals The Construct of Subjective Economic Inequality

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062199686
Author(s):  
Anita Schmalor ◽  
Steven J. Heine
Keyword(s):  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Subjective Measure ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
American Sample ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Measures Of Inequality

Economic inequality has been associated with a host of social ills, but most research has focused on objective measures of inequality. We argue that economic inequality also has a subjective component, and understanding the effects of economic inequality will be deepened by considering the ways that people perceive inequality. In an American sample ( N = 1,014), we find that some of the key variables that past research has found to correlate with objective inequality also correlate with a subjective measure of inequality. Across six countries ( N = 683), we find that the relationship between subjective inequality and different psychological variables varies by country. Subjective inequality shows only modest correlations with objective inequality and varies by sociodemographic background.

By Popular Demand: The Effect of Public Opinion on Income Inequality

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 261-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Andersen ◽  
Anthony Heath ◽  
David Weakliem
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Reciprocal Causation ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between public support for wage differentials and actual income inequality using data from the World Values Surveys. The distribution of income is more equal in nations where public opinion is more egalitarian. There is some evidence that the opinions of people with higher incomes are more influential than those of people with low incomes. Although the estimated relationship is stronger in democracies, it is present even under non-democratic governments, and the hypothesis that effects are equal cannot be rejected. We consider the possibility of reciprocal causation by means of an instrumental variables analysis, which yields no evidence that income distribution affects opinion.

scholarly journals Do spatial differences in the personal car market reflect a centre-periphery structure? The case of Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Kołsut ◽  
Tadeusz Stryjakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Central Character ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
Car Market ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Abstract Aim of the study A centre-periphery structure reflects spatial inequalities in the level of economic development of countries and regions. Most often, it provides a simplified picture of spatial distribution of income or spatial accessibility. In this study the authors try to identify the relationship between the level of centrality/peripherality of an area and selected features of the personal car market, using the case of Poland. Method In order to identify the relationship between the level of centrality/peripherality of an area and selected features of the peresonal car market, the correlation and regression analysis has been used. As a dependent variable the index of centrality/peripherality consisting of population and enterprise income has been calculated for all Polish communes (gminas). The features of the car market (independent variables) are: 1) car ownership (number of cars per 1000 inhabitants), 2) sales of new cars, 3) the import of second-hand cars, and 4) the average age of personal cars. Result The research confirmed a positive correlation between the index of centrality/peripherality (and hence the central character of the commune) and the sales of new automobiles, and a negative correlation with the average age of cars. There is no correlation between the level of centrality/peripherality of an area and the indicators of car ownership and the import of second-hand vehicles.

scholarly journals The Role of Ideological and Political Education in College Students’ Political Socialization and Its Improvement Countermeasures—Based on the Relationship Between Ideological and Political Education and Political Socialization

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Qi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Political Socialization ◽  
Ideological And Political Education ◽  
Political Education ◽  
The Political ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Political Literacy ◽  
The Relationship

Political socialization is an aspect of socialization, and its goal is to cultivate sound, rational and qualified political people. With the continuous development of society, college students, as social citizens, gradually have the opportunity to change from management object to management subject in the trend of political socialization. In addition, College students are also the driving force of social development and the hope of making the whole country rich and strong. Therefore, making college students have enough political literacy and whether they are highly socialized will affect the development level of the whole society. At present, ideological and political education has been gradually popularized in universities, and the level of ideological and political education affects the results of college students’ political socialization. It is particularly important to constantly improve and improve the contents, objectives and methods of ideological and political education so as to promote the political socialization of college students. This thesis will study the ideological and political education in colleges and universities from many aspects and analyze its role and value in the political socialization of college students one by one.

scholarly journals Investigating the Relationship between Social and Economic Inequality and the Health Status of Employed Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-108
Author(s):  
M* Pourmohsen ◽  
V Khoshravesh ◽  
M Masjoudi ◽  
S Paksresht ◽  
S Khayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Employed Women ◽  
The Relationship
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