scholarly journals Relationship Between Poverty and Economic Development: A Study on the Regions of Turkey

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Ay ◽  
Emine Fırat ◽  
Fatih Mangır
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
Its Regions ◽  
Is Development ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The concept of development has been evaluated by several economic scholars within different historical processes. The meaning of the concept has changed towards the direction from a single theoretical perspective into a multi-theoretical perspective. One of these perspectives is alleviation of poverty. Poverty appears when people cannot meet basic needs for their lives. Poverty level is total amount of expenditure which is necessary to meet the basic needs. Poverty level is the determinant of welfare level of a country and its regions. Poverty numbers and poverty level are criteria indicating to what extent is development achieved. Income distribution is another issue which must be handled with poverty. Fair distribution of income must be an important policy in alleviating poverty. In this context, impact of income distribution must be positive on development level. In this study, the relationship between poverty and development has been presented within the context of Turkey and its regions.

scholarly journals Kemiskinan dan Perkembangan Wilayah di Kabupaten Boyolali

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wahyuni Apri Astuti ◽  
Muhammad Musiyam
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Regional Development ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Poor Families ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Land Region

This research is based on the facts: first that, Boyolali is one of the regions which implement intensively many kinds of program in solving the poverty which gets the finance from APBD, central government and international institutions, eventhough the proportion of the poor society increases significantly.The proportion of poor society increases 20,8% in 2002 becomes 38,26% in 2006. Second, seen from the regional development indicator, it is shown that between one region and the others has various levels of the varieties of development.The objectives of this research are: first, the understanding of the distribution and of the poverty level in this region. Second, the understanding of the relationship between distribution of poverty level and the regional development level. Third, the understanding of the factors which influence the regional development. The method used in this research is secondary data analysis. The analysis unit of this research is village. The data resources are taken from the report of the identification result of poor families and the primary data is taken from BAPPEDA Boyolali. The primary data is a number of poor families, the regional scope and the use of farmland, the long street to account the regional accessibilities and the number and the distribution of social and economical facility in each village. The result is presented on the map with the analysis unit of the village. The represented map are the distribution level of poverty per village. To determine the relationship between the level of poverty and regional development uses the technique of qualitative and quantitative analysis. The qualitative analysis technique used is the analysis of the map of poverty distribution, analysis map of regional development and harmonious relationship between the level of regional development and poverty. The quantitative analysis technique used is the analysis of correlation statistic product moment.The results of this research are: first, there is distribution variation of poverty level, there is relationship between distribution of poverty level and natural resources endowment.The region with lower resources endowment (up land region) have higher poverty level than the region with higher natural resources endowment (law land region) and conversel. Second, there is negative relationship between regional development level and poverty level.Third, the factors which influence the level of regional development are the economical and social facility of the region and accessibilities.

scholarly journals Income Composition Inequality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Ranaldi
Keyword(s):  
Public Finance ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Income Distribution ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Political Economy Analysis ◽  
Technical Assessment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it introduces a novel inequality concept, named income composition inequality. Second, it constructs an indicator for its measurement. This paper argues that the study of income composition inequality across the income distribution allows for (i) novel political economy analysis of the evolution of economic systems and (ii) the technical assessment of the relationship between the functional and personal distribution of income. Following an empirical application on six European countries, this paper discusses possible avenues for future research on the matter, ranging from development issues to public finance. (Stone Center on Socio-Economic Inequality Working Paper)

A 'World' Distribution of Income and of Real Poverty and Affluence (The Quaid-i-Azam Lecture)

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-308
Author(s):  
Pan A. Yotopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Relative Income ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
Poverty Level ◽  
Inequality Measures ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common ◽  
World Distribution ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Since the early 1970s, when income distribution became an operative objective of economic development (Chenery et al. 1974), knowledge on the subject has certainly improved. A number of analytical treatises have focused on the issue Pen (1971), Atkinson (1970), Cline (1975) and, more important, data on income distribution are routinely reported for about a score of developing countries (LDCs) and as many developed countries (Des) World Bank (1986), Jain (1975), Paukert (1973). These data deal with the within-country relative income distribution and report one or more of the common inequality measures. Moreover, for some countries measures of absolute poverty exist which report, e.g., the population that lives below a "poverty level", defmed in terms of consumption (calories) or income (for example, Dandekar and Rath (1971), Bardhan (1970), (1973), Fishlow (1972). Such measures of absolute poverty, if aggregated over a number of countries, give a measure of relative world poverty and an idea of how it is distributed between- countries. Cross-country comparisons have also been based on ranking various countries on the basis of their measures of relative income distribution.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE RENDA E SUA RELAÇÃO COM OS HOMICÍDIOS NA REGIÃO NORDESTE DO BRASIL

Revista LEVS ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Maria NÓBREGA JR
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Homicide Rate ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reduction Percentage ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Resumo: Os homicídios no Nordeste crescem de forma linear e contínua há décadas. A literatura internacional e nacional sobre a violência aponta para a relação entre indicadores socioeconômicos e violência. Foi testado o nível da distribuição de renda em sua correlação com as taxas de homicídios na região nordeste do Brasil. Hipoteticamente acredita-se que a distribuição de renda melhora a vida das pessoas, o que as torna menos violentas e propícias a práticas de delitos e crimes. Utilizou-se, neste trabalho, dados em séries temporais com cruzamento de dados. O método foi estatístico/inferencial com a utilização do Coeficiente de Correlação de Pearson. Este coeficiente mede o nível de correlação entre duas variáveis, variando entre +1 e – 1. O resultado demonstrou alta correlação com significância estatística entre as variáveis (Gini vs. Taxas de homicídios) com sinal negativo na correlação. Ou seja, a concentração da renda sofreu expressiva redução percentual com o crescimento também expressivo das taxas de homicídios, o que levou a refutar a hipótese na qual distribuição de renda gera menos conflitos sociais. Palavras-chave: distribuição de renda, violência, taxas de homicídios, Gini. Abstract: Homicides in the Northeast grow linearly and continuously for decades. The national and international literature on violence points to the relationship between socioeconomic indicators and violence. It tested the level of income distribution in its correlation with homicide rates in northeastern Brazil. Hypothetically if we believe that the distribution of income improves people's lives, making them less violent and prone to practices of offenses and crimes. It was used in this work,  data series with data crossing. The method was statistical / inferential using the Pearson correlation coefficient. This coefficient measures the degree of correlation between two variables and it takes values between +1 and - 1. The results showed high correlation between variables (Gini vs. Rates of homicides) with a negative sign in the balance. The income suffered significant reduction percentage also with the significant increase in the homicide rate, which led to refute the hypothesis in which the distribution of income generates less social conflicts. Keywords: income distribution, violence, homicide rates, Gini.

scholarly journals Inequality and development

2003 ◽  
Vol 44 (159) ◽  
pp. 21-61
Author(s):  
Biljana Jovanovic-Gavrilovic
Keyword(s):  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Symmetry Principle ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Income Differences ◽  
Development Level ◽  
The Lorenz Curve ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Inequality can be analyzed from various aspects. In this paper our attention is drawn to economic inequality, most frequently manifested through income and wealth. The measurement of economic inequality is a complex task. The Lorenz curve and a number of numerical indices are applied, and let us mention the following ones: the Gini coefficient, the coefficient of variation, the Theil index and the Atkinson measure. These indices do satisfy the criteria (principles) presenting, according to general consent an appropriate measure of economic inequality: anonymity (symmetry) principle, population principle, relative income principle and the Dalton principle of transfer. In recent times, the problem of inequality has been attracting a lot of attention. The explanation should be sought in the widening of income differences (within individual countries and between them) and also in new knowledge about the relationship between inequality and development. The attitude to inequality being determined mainly by the economic development level (as presented in the Kuznets hypothesis) is gradually being replaced by the attitude to inequality being the determinant of income and its growth. Contrary to previous beliefs about the stronger income inequalities being favorable to the economic growth, more recent research has pointed to the fact that a more equal distribution of income through various channels, can possibly act as an efficient stimulus of growth.

scholarly journals Income distribution trends and future food demand

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1554) ◽  
pp. 2821-2834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Cirera ◽  
Edoardo Masset
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Food Demand ◽  
World Food ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Pessimistic Scenario ◽  
Modelling Techniques ◽  
Food Budget ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income ◽  
Distribution Trends

This paper surveys the theoretical literature on the relationship between income distribution and food demand, and identifies main gaps of current food modelling techniques that affect the accuracy of food demand projections. At the heart of the relationship between income distribution and food demand is Engel's law. Engel's law establishes that as income increases, households' demand for food increases less than proportionally. A consequence of this law is that the particular shape of the distribution of income across individuals and countries affects the rate of growth of food demand. Our review of the literature suggests that existing models of food demand fail to incorporate the required Engel flexibility when (i) aggregating different food budget shares among households; and (ii) changing budget shares as income grows. We perform simple simulations to predict growth in food demand under alternative income distribution scenarios taking into account nonlinearity of food demand. Results suggest that (i) distributional effects are to be expected from changes in between-countries inequality, rather than within-country inequality; and (ii) simulations of an optimistic and a pessimistic scenario of income inequality suggest that world food demand in 2050 would be 2.7 per cent higher and 5.4 per cent lower than distributional-neutral growth, respectively.

scholarly journals Flattening the Kuznets Curve: The Consequences for Income Distribution of Development Strategy, Government Intervention, Income and the Rate of Growth

1987 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustav F. Papanek ◽  
Old Rich Kyn
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Simon Kuznets ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income

The relationship between growth and equity has been a disputed issue at least since Simon Kuznets [11] described it as U-shaped. Kuznets 's hypothesis that as per capita income rises income distribution would first become less equal and then more equal has been supported by a large array of empirical studies (e.g.: Bacha [4], Ahluwalia [3], Chenery et al. [7], Adelman and Morris [2], Cline [8], Paukert [23]. As a result, there are only a few propositions in economics which have wider acceptance. The Kuznets hypothesis, which applies to the secular process of development over several decades, has sometimes been cited as evidence that there is conflict between growth and equity. Alternative reasons were subsequently advanced for the conflict between these objectives. It was argued that there is also a trade-off between a high rate of growth and an equitable distribution of income, because the policies desirable for a high rate of growth involve strong incentives and rewards to the scarce factors in the hands of the rich.

The State’s Role in Ensuring Fair Income Distribution in Vietnam Today: Some Issues from the Theory of Justice as Fairness by John Rawls

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-195
Keyword(s):  
Income Distribution ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
John Rawls ◽  
Social Stability ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Justice As Fairness ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Economic Philosophy ◽  
The Relationship

Fairness in income distribution is a factor that both motivates employees and contributes to maintaining social stability. In Vietnam, fair income distribution has been studied from various perspectives. In this article, through the analysis and synthesis of related documents and evidence, and from the perspective of economic philosophy, the author applies John Rawls’s Theory of Justice as Fairness to analyze some issues arising from the implementation of the state’s role in ensuring fair income distribution from 1986 to present. These are unifying the perception of fairness in income distribution; solving the relationship between economic efficiency and social equality; ensuring benefits for the least-privileged people in society; and controlling income. On that basis, the author makes some recommendations to enhance the state’s role in ensuring fair income distribution in Vietnam. Received 11thNovember 2019; Revised 10thApril 2020; Accepted 20th April 2020

By Popular Demand: The Effect of Public Opinion on Income Inequality

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 261-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Andersen ◽  
Anthony Heath ◽  
David Weakliem
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Reciprocal Causation ◽  
Low Incomes ◽  
The World ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income

AbstractThis paper examines the relationship between public support for wage differentials and actual income inequality using data from the World Values Surveys. The distribution of income is more equal in nations where public opinion is more egalitarian. There is some evidence that the opinions of people with higher incomes are more influential than those of people with low incomes. Although the estimated relationship is stronger in democracies, it is present even under non-democratic governments, and the hypothesis that effects are equal cannot be rejected. We consider the possibility of reciprocal causation by means of an instrumental variables analysis, which yields no evidence that income distribution affects opinion.

scholarly journals Do spatial differences in the personal car market reflect a centre-periphery structure? The case of Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Kołsut ◽  
Tadeusz Stryjakiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Accessibility ◽  
Car Ownership ◽  
Central Character ◽  
Correlation And Regression Analysis ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
Car Market ◽  
Spatial Differences ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Distribution Of Income

Abstract Aim of the study A centre-periphery structure reflects spatial inequalities in the level of economic development of countries and regions. Most often, it provides a simplified picture of spatial distribution of income or spatial accessibility. In this study the authors try to identify the relationship between the level of centrality/peripherality of an area and selected features of the personal car market, using the case of Poland. Method In order to identify the relationship between the level of centrality/peripherality of an area and selected features of the peresonal car market, the correlation and regression analysis has been used. As a dependent variable the index of centrality/peripherality consisting of population and enterprise income has been calculated for all Polish communes (gminas). The features of the car market (independent variables) are: 1) car ownership (number of cars per 1000 inhabitants), 2) sales of new cars, 3) the import of second-hand cars, and 4) the average age of personal cars. Result The research confirmed a positive correlation between the index of centrality/peripherality (and hence the central character of the commune) and the sales of new automobiles, and a negative correlation with the average age of cars. There is no correlation between the level of centrality/peripherality of an area and the indicators of car ownership and the import of second-hand vehicles.

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