scholarly journals Some problems of evolutionary epistemology: Hayek’s view on evolution of market

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-347
Author(s):  
Milos Krstic
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Evolutionary Epistemology ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Market System ◽  
The One

This paper aims to present Hayek?s view of cultural evolution as an important contribution to contemporary evolutionary epistemology. However, despite the importance of Hayek?s theory of cultural evolution, the tension between his concept of rational liberalism and evolutionary epistemology will be pointe out. This tension limits Hayek?s understanding of cultural evolution. Hayek?s conception of rational liberalism emphasizes the values of individual freedom and benefits of the market system. The term evolutionary epistemology includes the economic phenomena that occur without the participation of consciousness, on the one hand, and activities with the element of purposefulness and intelligibility, on the other.

Psychology of the Market and Economic Power (On Psychological Approach of Alan Greenspan to the Analysis of Economic Problems)

2011 ◽  
pp. 99-118
Author(s):  
Yu. Olsevich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Institutional Transformation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
Market System ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Systemic Crisis ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The One

The article analyzes the psychological basis of the theory and economic policy of libertarianism, as contained in the book by A. Greenspan "The Age of Turbulence", clarifies the strengths and weaknesses of this doctrine that led to its discredit in 2008. It presents a new understanding of liberalization in 1980-1990s as a process of institutional transformation at the micro and meso levels, implemented by politicians and entrepreneurs with predatory and opportunistic mentality. That process caused, on the one hand, the acceleration of growth, on the other hand - the erosion of informal foundations of a market system. With psychology and ideology of libertarianism, it is impossible to perceive real macro risks generated at the micro level, which lead to a systemic crisis, and to develop measures to prevent it.

scholarly journals ISLAM PROGRESIF INDONESIA

ALQALAM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
A. ILYAS ISMAIL
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Progressive Movement ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
A Priority ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The One ◽  
Traditional Islam

Theofogicaffy, Islam is one and absolutely correct. However, historicaffy, after being understood and translated into the real life, Islam is not single, but various or plural that manifests at feast in three schools of thoughts: Traditional Islam, Revivalist Islam (fundamentalism), and Liberal Islam (Progressive). The group of Jaringan Islam Liberal (JIL) represents the fast school of thoughts. Even though it is stiff young (ten years), JIL becomes populer because it frequentfy proposes the new thoughts that often evoke controversions in the community. The reformation of thoughts proposed by JIL covers four areas: first, reformation in politics. In this context, JIL gives a priority to the idea of secularism; Second, reformation in socio-religion. Dealing with this, JIL proposes the concept of pluralism; Third, reformation in individual freedom. In this case, JIL gives a priority to the idea of liberalism both in thoughts and actions;fourth, reformation in women. Regarding this, JIL proposes the idea of gender equaliry. This reformation thought of JIL receives pro and con in the community. On the one hand,some of them panne and fulminate it; on the other hand, the other ones support and give appreciation. In such situation, JIL grows as a thought and Islamic progressive movement in Indonesia. Key Words: Islamic Thought, JIL, Secularism, Pluralism, Liberalism, and Gender Equality.

When Cultural Evolution Calls for Translation Revolution

2018 ◽  
pp. 161-178
Author(s):  
Vanessa Lopes Lourenço Hanes
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Written Language ◽  
The Other ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Linguistic Identity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
The One

Given the massive changes that Brazil has undergone in the past century, particularly in distancing itself linguistically from its former colonizer, this study is an attempt to determine the role of translation in the country's cultural evolution. Translational approaches have developed along opposing poles: on the one hand, a strong resistance to incorporating orally-driven alterations in the written language, while on the other, a slow, halting movement toward convergence of the two, and both approaches are charged with political and ideological intentionality. Publishing houses, editors and translators are gatekeepers and agents whose activities provide a glimpse into the mechanism of national linguistic identity, either contributing to or resisting the myth of a homogenized Portuguese language.

Spark and Fidget

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-64
Author(s):  
Jennie Germann Molz
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Alternative Education ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Formal Schooling ◽  
Educational Travel ◽  
The World ◽  
The One ◽  
Historical Trajectory

This chapter explores why worldschoolers take their children out of formal schooling and educate them while traveling. On the one hand, parents are motivated by the shortcomings of institutional education, arguing that schools quash creativity, pathologize children’s embodied movements, for example with diagnoses of ADD/ADHD, and fail to equip them with twenty-first century skills. On the other hand, parents are propelled by a belief that travel, which sparks children’s curiosity, celebrates their mobility, and prepares them for the future, is a better way to learn. The chapter situates worldschooling within a longer historical trajectory of public education and educational travel and traces its connections to other alternative education movements such as homeschooling and unschooling. It documents a tendency among worldschoolers to adopt an unschooling approach to children’s learning, which means parents allow children to naturally absorb lessons from the world around them rather than administering a structured curriculum. The chapter argues that unschooling merges easily not only with the logistics of travel, but also with parents’ philosophies about selfhood and individual freedom. We see that parents approach their children’s education as a choice, one that contributes to the broader lifestyle project they are pursuing.

Networks in Archaeology: Between Scientific Method and Humanistic Metaphor

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Knappett
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evolutionary Models ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Landscape Studies ◽  
Phenomenological Studies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Palaeoenvironmental Reconstructions ◽  
The One ◽  
Over Time

Running the full gamut of scholarship from physical science to philosophy, archaeology’s diversity can be a negative rather than a positive—when the same phenomena can attract such different approaches that archaeologists end up talking past one another. Take the example of archaeological landscape analysis: on the one hand, this has produced rich, expressive phenomenological studies, and on the other, detailed palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. These two perspectives are not commonly combined, although when they are archaeology emerges as a solid bridge between the humanities and the environmental sciences (van der Leeuw and Redman 2002; Smith et al. 2012). Take another example: artefact studies—on the one hand, poetic, philosophical musings on anything from fabulous artworks to mundane artefacts, and on the other, neutron activation analysis, X-ray diffraction and petrography employed in characterizing stone and ceramic technologies. There are calls (e.g. Jones 2004; Sillar and Tite 2000) to ‘humanise’ the science (and vice versa would also be fitting), and perhaps in artefact studies the integration of the sciences and humanities has had more success than in landscape studies. It is a difficult balancing act. But those archaeological studies that do find a way to combine both often create more convincing interpretations. Alongside landscape and artefact studies, network analysis is a third exemplar of this tension between scientific and humanistic understandings in archaeology. On the one hand, networks can be used quite formally and quantitatively to analyse interactions in space or, indeed, cultural evolution over time (Henrich and Broesch 2011). This use of networks is quite different from a more qualitative, figurative use, as seen recently in book-length treatments by Irad Malkin (2011) and Ian Hodder (2012). There is a danger of the gap between these different understandings of networks widening, just as the humanistic and scientific understandings of both landscapes and artefacts can sometimes seem incommensurate. I think one can see a certain reticence about being sucked into the ‘scientism’ of networks, what one might even dub ‘networkitis’, along the lines of ‘Darwinitis’ or the tendency for all manner of cultural phenomena to now find ‘explanation’ through evolutionary models, and recently the subject of a stinging critique by Raymond Tallis (2011).

On Religious Skepticism

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 268-282
Author(s):  
J.L. Schellenberg
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Religious Faith ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Perspective ◽  
The One

Abstract I seek to promote a fuller understanding of religious skepticism by defending five theses. These concern, respectively: its breadth, discussed in relation to theism on the one hand and naturalism on the other; why it should be distinguished from a general metaphysical skepticism; how it is supported by the consequences of recent cultural evolution, which at the same time enable new and stronger arguments for atheism; the relations it bears to non-doxastic religious faith; and, finally, its curious capacity in certain not uncommon circumstances to take the form of a soft irreligion that is widely approvable—even from a religious perspective.

Ordnungspolitische Beurteilung von Zertifikatesystemen in der Umweltpolitik - Am Beispiel des Acid Rain- und des RECLAIM-Programms

1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Fromm
Keyword(s):  
Acid Rain ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Coase Theorem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Market System ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe evaluation of tradeable permit systems concerning their conformity with the market economy is debated controversially. The Acid Rain- and the RECLAIM-Program for the first time offer the opportunity to analyse existing, implemented tradeable permit systems for their market conformity. For that purpose both programs are systematically compared to an instrument, that may be considered as an ideal of market conformity, the Coase theorem. The comparison shows that the evaluation of the market conformity of tradeable permit systems depends on the one hand on different pre-analytic views of environmental problems and on the other hand on the concrete institutional design of the instrument in praxis. Concluding, the Acid Rain- and the RECLAIM-Program are characterized by a high conformity with the criteria that constitute the proper shaping of the market system.

A conversation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltan J. Acs
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
The Self ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Wealth Creation ◽  
American Values ◽  
The World ◽  
American Style ◽  
The One

This book examines the interplay between entrepreneurship and philanthropy, on the one hand, and wealth creation and opportunity, on the other. Using historical and institutional evidence, it traces the story of American philanthropy through the centuries. It shows that many philanthropists had humble beginnings, worked hard to make something of themselves, and later used their money to help improve the world. It also demonstrates how most Americans, wealthy and otherwise, historically have exemplified an unstated principle that lies at the heart of American-style capitalism: that those who amass wealth must continually create opportunities by investing in society. The book makes a distinction between philanthropy and charity and argues that philanthropy has the potential to mitigate inequalities as it softens the hard edges of the free market. Finally, it describes philanthropy as consistent with the self-made American values of individual freedom.

scholarly journals Twofold Freedom and Contingency

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-96
Author(s):  
Cornelia Bohn ◽  
Riccardo Prandini ◽  
Monica Martinelli
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Social Differentiation ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Social Form ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Fields ◽  
The One ◽  
Modern Variant

The paper shows that the semantic complex of freedom assumes the form of a twofold freedom as horizontally differentiated realms of meaning gain autonomy: on the one side, individual and interpersonal freedom, and, on the other side, the freedom and self-determination of social fields or subsystems, both of which presuppose, stabilize, and destabilize one another. This co-constitution is proven with three exemplary thinkers. Simmel sees money as a decisive factor in the genesis of the modern social form of freedom and individuality. His argument is brought into systematic comparison with Constant’s prior work on individual freedom in European modernity, and with Luhmann’s later notion of contingency and constitutionally guaranteed freedom of communication as prerequisite for factual differentiation. It is demonstrated that in Simmel’s work, the modern variant of the social form of freedom is described as a specific interrelation that ties the objectification of culture to a depersonalisation of social differentiation as well as to a temporalization of dependencies.

scholarly journals A (Simple) Experimental Demonstration that Cultural Evolution is not Replicative, but Reconstructive — and an Explanation of Why this Difference Matters

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Scott-Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Thought Experiment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Population Thinking ◽  
Causal Explanations ◽  
Naturalistic Theory ◽  
Cognition And Culture ◽  
The One ◽  
Cultural Types ◽  
Work Done

Two complementary approaches to a naturalistic theory of culture are, on the one hand, mainstream cultural evolution research, and, on the other, work done under the banners of cultural attraction and the epidemiology of representations. There is much agreement between these two schools of thought, including in particular a commitment to population thinking. Both schools also acknowledge that the propagation of culture is not simply a matter of replication, but rather one of reconstruction. However, the two schools of thought differ on the relative importance of this point. The cultural attraction school believes it to be fundamental to genuinely causal explanations of culture. In contrast, most mainstream cultural evolution thinking abstracts away from it. In this paper I make flesh a simple thought experiment (first proposed by Dan Sperber) that directly contrasts the effects that replication and reconstruction have on cultural items. Results demonstrate, in a simple and graphic way, that (i) normal cultural propagation is not replicative, but reconstructive, and (ii) that these two different modes of propagation afford two qualitatively different explanations of stability. If propagation is replicative, as it is in biology, then stability arises from the fidelity of that replication, and hence an explanation of stability comes from an explanation of how and why this high-fidelity is achieved. If, on the other hand, propagation is reconstructive (as it is in culture), then stability arises from the fact that a subclass of cultural types are easily re-producible, while others are not, and hence an explanation of stability comes from a description of what types are easily re-producible, and an explanation of why they are. I discuss two implications of this result for research at the intersection of evolution, cognition, and culture.

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