scholarly journals Nature and magnitude of genetic variability, heterosis and inbreeding depression in Amaranthus

Genetika ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
R.M. Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Panicle Length

Combining ability, heterosis and inbreeding depression were estimated in grain amaranths for ten characters. Non-additive genetic variance was predominant for majority of characters in both F1 and F2 generations. The parent AG-21 was good general combiner for yield/plant also showed high GCA effects for panicles/plant and harvest index in both F1 and F2 generations. Seven characters, the best F2s on the basis of SCA involves one parent with high GCA effect and the other with poor or average GCA effects. The hybrids which exhibited highest heterosis also showed high inbreeding depression. Heterosis over better parent was highest for economic grain yield (145.047%), followed by panicles/plant (113.675%), panicle length (33.656%) and grain weight/panicle (23.566%).

scholarly journals Assessment of genetic variability, correlation and path association in rice (oryza sativa l.)

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
SK Yadav ◽  
BG Suresh ◽  
Praveen Pandey ◽  
Binod Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Index Number ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Spikelets Per Panicle ◽  
Biological Yield

Context: Direct selection based on crop yields is often a paradox in breeding programmes because yield is a complex polygenically inherited character, influenced by its component traits.   Objectives: The present research work was taken up to assess genetic variability, phenotypic and genotypic associations between various components of grain yield to provide basis for selection and yield improvement in rice.   Materials and Methods: Correlation coefficient and path association are used to find out the degree (strength) and direction of relationship between two or more variable and for fixing up the characters which are having decisive role in influencing the yield. Therefore, a field experiment was carried out to establish the extent of association between yield and yield components and others characters in rice. Analysis of variance revealed that significant amount of genetic variability was present in the entire characters studied.   Results: High heritability coupled with high to moderate genetic advance as % of mean was observed on plant height seed yield per plant, biological yield, harvest index, test weight and number of spikelets per panicle suggesting preponderance of additive gene action in the expression of these characters. The correlation coefficient between seed yield per plant and other quantitative attributing to yield showed that grain yield was significantly and positively associated with harvest index, number of tillers per hill, number of panicle per plant, panicle length, number of spikelet's per panicle and test weight at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Path coefficient at genotypic level revealed that harvest index, biological yield, number of tillers per hill, panicle length, number of spikelets per panicle, plant height and test weight had direct positive effect on seed yield per hill, indicating these are the main contributors to yield.Conclusion: From the correlation and path study it may be concluded that harvest index, number of tillers per hill, panicle length, and number of spikelet per panicle and test weight are the most important characters that contributed directly to seed yield per hill. Thus a genotype with higher magnitude of these traits could be either selected from existing genotypes or evolved by breeding program for genetic improvement of yield in rice.   Key words: Rice; variability; heritability; agro-morphological traits; correlation; pathDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8767 JBS 2010; 18(0): 1-8

scholarly journals Genetic Variability and Association of Morpho-physiological Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Puneet Kumar ◽  
Y. P. S. Solanki ◽  
Vikram Singh ◽  
. Kiran
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The experiment was conducted with 60 genotypes of bread wheat. These genotypes were grown in RBD using three replications during Rabi 2016-17 at Research Area of Wheat and Barley Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, CCS HAU, Hisar. To study the variability, correlation and path analysis, data were recorded for yield and its component traits i.e. days to 50% heading, days to anthesis, grain growth rate at 14, 21, 28 days (mg/g/day), plant height (cm), number of effective tillers/meter, flag leaf length (cm), flag leaf width (cm), flag leaf area (cm2), spike length (cm), number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, 1000 grain weight (g), grain yield per plot (g), biological yield/plot (g) and harvest index (%). ANOVA showed highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits indicating adequacy of material and the traits studied for further assessment of genetic variability parameters. High value of GCV and PCV was recorded for grain yield per plot, followed by biological yield, indicating greater amount of variability among the genotypes. Highest heritability was recorded for days to 50% heading, followed by days to anthesis. Highly significant and positive association was perceived between grain yield and tillers per meter, plant height, number of grains per spike, number of spikelets per spike, flag leaf area, grain growth rate at 14, 21 and 28 days after anthesis, spike length, 1000 grain weight, biological yield and harvest index. The high direct effects were recorded for biological yield, harvest index, flag leaf breadth, number of effective tillers per meter and 1000 grain weight, in order.

scholarly journals Effect of spacing on the performance of newly developed Aus rice Var. Binadhan-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-378
Author(s):  
Md Robiul Islam Akondo ◽  
Md Belal Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
The Other ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Straw Yield ◽  
Other Hand

An experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of BINA Sub-station, Gopalganj to determine the effect of spacing on the yield and yield attributing parameters of rice. Four spacings viz. 15 cm × 15 cm, 20 cm × 15 cm, 20 cm × 20 cm and 25 cm × 20 cm were included in the study. The experimental design was a randomized completely block with three replications. Spacing’s 15 cm × 15 cm, 20 cm × 15 cm, 20 cm × 20 cm and 25 cm × 20 cm were adopted 49, 42, 36 and 30 hills per square meter, respectively. Results revealed that different spacing performed significantly differed yield contributing characters (plant height, panicle length, number of effective and non-effective tillers, number of filled and unfilled grain, grain and straw yield of rice. Results indicated that the highest plant height (83.40 cm), panicle length (19.73), number of effective tillers per hill (11.00), number of total grains per panicle (87.73), number of filled grains per panicle (70.53), root length (16.07 cm), root weight (38.00 g per five plants), harvest index (38%), grain yield (4.19 t ha-1) and straw yield (4.50 t ha-1) were found with 25 cm × 20 cm spacing. On the other hand, maximum number of non-effective tillers per hill (1.60) was found in 15 cm × 15 cm spacing. Results of the present study revealed that 25 cm × 20 cm spacing was found to be the best for obtaining maximum grain yield of aus var. Binadhan-19. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(3): 373-378, December 2019

scholarly journals The performance of agronomic traits, genetic variability, and correlation studies for yield and its components in some red rice (Oryza sativa) promising lines

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gusti Ray Sadimantara ◽  
Dewi Nurhayati Yusuf ◽  
Eka Febrianti ◽  
Sitti Leomo ◽  
Muhidin MUHIDIN
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Red Rice ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Correlation Studies

Abstract. Sadimantara GR, Yusuf DN, Febrianti E, Leomo S, Muhidin. 2021. The performance of agronomic traits, genetic variability, and correlation studies for yield and its components in some red rice (Oryza sativa) promising lines. Biodiversitas 22: 3994-4001. Improving a new variety commonly depends on the nature and magnitude of genetic variability and its utilization, followed by selection and evaluation before being released into new superior types. The present study aims to estimate the genetic variability and relation between yield and its related traits of the red rice promising lines. The experiment was arranged based on a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among rice lines for 12 quantitative traits. The phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) value was higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), indicating a negligible environmental influence in the phenotypic expression of traits. High heritability estimates coupled with high genetic advance were recorded for grain total per panicle and grain yield per hill. Grain yield observed a highly significant positive correlation with panicle length (0.63), percentage of filled grains (0.53), grain weight per panicle (0.54), and thousand-grain weight (0.52). It correlated negatively with days to 50% flowering (-0.61) and days to maturity (-0.48). The study indicated that panicle length, percentage of filled grains, grain weight per panicle, and thousand-grain weight are important yield-related traits and could be used for selection to improve the genetic potential of rice yield.

scholarly journals Genetic variability, correlated response and path analysis of yield and yield contributing traits of spring wheat

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAN Majumder ◽  
AKM Shamsuddin ◽  
MA Kabir ◽  
L Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Correlated Response ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Wheat Varieties

Twenty spring wheat varieties were studied to find out genetic variability and genetic association for grain yield and its component characters. Both genotypic and phenotypic variances were highly significant in all the traits with little higher phenotypic variations as usual. Similarly, the low differences between the phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variations indicated low environmental influences on the expression of these characters. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance were obtained with plant height, grains per spike, 100-grain weight, harvest index and grain yield. Genotypic correlation coefficients were higher than the corresponding phenotypic correlation coefficients in most of the traits. Spikes per plant, grains per spike, spike length, 100-grain weight and harvest index were the most important characters which possessed positive association with grain yield. Path coefficient analysis revealed that among the different yield contributing characters spike per plant, grains per spike, 100-grain weight and harvest index influenced grain yield per plant directly. The direct effects of these characters on grain yield were positive and considerably high. Moreover, harvest index, days to maturity and spikes per plant had positive and higher indirect effect on grain yield through grains per spike. Thus selection for yield in spring wheat through these characters would be effective. Keywords: Variability; Selection indices; WheatDOI: 10.3329/jbau.v6i2.4815 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 6(2): 227-234, 2008

scholarly journals Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and its contributing characters in maize

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKMM Alam ◽  
S Ahmed ◽  
M Begum ◽  
MK Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Combining Ability Analysis ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Combining ability analysis for grain yield and its contributing characters in maize were carried out in 5×5 diallel cross. The highest percentage of heterosis for grain per ear over mid parent and better parent were observed by the cross P2×P3. Crosses P1×P3 and P1×P5 showed significant negative heterosis for days to maturity. Significant general and specific combining ability variances were observed for all the characters except ear height. Almost equal role of additive and non-additive gene actions was observed for days to maturity. Additive genetic variance was preponderant for grains per ear and 1000-grain weight and non-additive gene action was involved in plant height, ear height, days to silking, and days to maturity. The inbred lines P2 and P5 were found to be best general combiner for 1000-grain weight. Key Words: Heterosis, combining ability, grain yield, maize. doi:10.3329/bjar.v33i3.1596 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 33(3) : 375-379, September 2008

scholarly journals Combining ability and gene interaction study for yield, its attributing traits and quality in common wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 927-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Harshwardhan Harshwardhan ◽  
Amarjeet Kumar ◽  
Birendra Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Wheat Hybrids ◽  
Half Diallel ◽  
Additive Genes

Combining ability and nature of gene interactions that contribute to yield and its attributing traits were investigated using 21 wheat hybrids developed by crossing 7 varieties in a half diallel mating design. Estimate of GCA effects exhibited that the parents UP2672, UP2526 and WH542 were identified as good general combiners revealing their ability in transmitting additive genes in desirable direction to their progenies. Hybrid viz., PBW 621 × UP 2425 (15.125) found to be the best specific crosses for grain yield plant-1, whether, WH 542 × HD 2967 (22.587) and UP 2526 × UP 2425 (14.490) had the highest SCA for biological yield plant-1 and harvest index, respectively. However, the best specific cross combinations for other characters were found for WH 542 × QLD 40 (-3.694) for days to maturity, PBW 621 × UP 2526 (-3.819) for plant height, HD 2967 × UP 2526 (7.527) for 1000 grain weight and WH 542 × UP 2672 (2.077) for sedimentation value. While crosses PBW 621 × UP 2425, UP 2526 × UP 2425 and QLD 40 × UP 2425 were found to be the best specific combiner for the characters number of productive tillers plant-1, grain yield plant-1, spike length, grain weight spike-1, harvest index, days to 75 % heading and protein content.

scholarly journals Heterosis and Combining Ability for Grain Yield and Yield Component Traits of Maize in Eastern Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habtamu Zeleke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Yield Component Traits

Combining ability analysis for grain yield and yield component traits in maize were carried out in 8×8 diallel cross. The analysis of variance showed there is highly significant variation between the genotypes for all the traits considered. Year of testing was significant only for days to maturity and grain yield per hectare. The highest percentage of heterosis for grain over the standard varieties (BH 660) was observed by the cross L1 x L4 (29.3%) followed by crosses L1 x L5 (28.3%), L3 x L5 (21.7%) and L1 x L7 (20.8%). Mid-parent heterosis for days to maturity ranged from -2.5 to -23.9%, whereas that of better parent heterosis ranged from 0 to -13% indicating that the hybrids tend to be earlier in maturity than the parents. The mean squares due to GCA for days to maturity, ear diameter, member of kernels per row, 1000 kernel weight and grain yield were significant, indicating the importance of additive genetic variance in controlling these traits. The mean squares due to SCA were also significant for days to maturity, ear length, member of kernels per row and 1000 kernel weight indicating the importance of non-additive genetic variance in controlling these traits. The inbred lines L1, L3, and L4 were good general combiners for grain yield.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability of Tef [Eragrostis Tef (Zucc.) Trotter] Genotypes for Acid Soil Tolerance

2019 ◽  
pp. 162-171
Author(s):  
Misgana Merga ◽  
Hussein Mohammed ◽  
Kebebew Assef
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Eragrostis Tef ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Combined Analysis ◽  
Gxe Interaction

Genetic variability studies provide basic information for breeders to develop different stress-tolerant varieties. In the present study, forty-nine Tef genotypes were evaluated under strong acid soil (pH 4.97) and lime treated (pH 5.90) soils in the lathouse at Assosa Agricultural Research Center in 2017 to estimate the genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance of various traits of tef genotypes in relation to soil acidity stress. The result indicated that there was high significant (p<0.01) differences among genotypes for all traits under both environments; except for shoot biomass in the combined data analysis. The two environments differed significantly in their effect on all traits except on plant height, panicle length, culm length, total and fertile tillers and number of primary branches, although environment contribution to total TSS was less than 10% in 13 of the 17 traits studied; its high contribution was to harvest index (42.6%) and grain yield pot-1 (32.5%). Big reduction due to soil acidity was recorded for yield of primary panicle (27.78%), grain yield pot-1 (33.85%) and harvest index (35.6%). A contribution of G was from 44.5% in harvest index to 90.5% in panicle length. The GxE interaction was also significant for all traits and it contributed more than 15% in 11 of the traits, indicating inconsistency of performance of genotypes under acidic and lime treated soils. PCV, GCV, and GAM were high (>20%) for fertile tillers per plant, panicle weight, yield of primary panicle, grain yield, and harvest index under both acidity levels and in the combined analysis. Heritability was high (>60%) for all traits except for shoot biomass in the combined analysis and lime treated soil. In general, there was wide genetic variability in the traits studied pointing to the possibility of improving the desired traits, including grain yield under both environments and over environments through the selection of elite genotypes.

scholarly journals Genetic variability, heritability and selection response for yield attributes in nine rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
A Khan ◽  
SMA Shah ◽  
A Sohail ◽  
A Haleem ◽  
M Maryam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Panicle Length ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Grain Length ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Culm Length ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Genetic variability, heritability and selection response were studied among rice genotypes for yield attributing traits. Nine rice genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with two replications at the University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistan during 2018. Significant differences were observed among the rice genotypes for all the traits. Pakhal took maximum value for Culm length (113.6 cm), Panicle length (29.05 cm), Secondary branches panicle-1 (31.4), Grain length (10 mm), Spikelets panicle-1 (162.8) and Grains panicle-1 (122.7 g). However genotype NIAB-IR-8 took maximum value for 100 grain weight (2.9 g) and Grain yield plant-1 (30.28 g). High heritability and genetic advance were observed for all the studied traits viz. Culm length (0.95 and 27.77), Panicle length (0.84 and 3.83), Grain length (0.62 and 0.78), Secondary branches panicle-1 (0.66 and 6.19), Spikelets panicle-1 (0.59 and 21.82), Grains panicle-1 (0.75 and 15.82), 100 grain weight (0.76 and 0.31) and Grain yield plant-1 (0.95 and 13.34). On the basis of superiority for yield attributing traits Pakhal and NIAB-IR-8 could be recommended for future use in rice breeding programs. J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2019, 5(1): 55-60

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