scholarly journals Estimation of cost-effectiveness of poplar wood pro­duction in Ravni Srem by applying the net present value method

2010 ◽  
pp. 81-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Keca
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Discount Rate ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Concrete Case ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
The Cost

The commercial cost-effectiveness of poplar cultivation was analyzed based on the indicator for the assessment of agriculture and forestry projects-net present value (NPV). The analysis was made for the plantations of poplar clone I-214 in the area of Ravni Srem, under different rotations and on different soil types. The aim of the research was to assess the cost-effectiveness of the invested financials in wood production in poplar plantations, based on the analysis of costs and receipts in different periods of plantation age, using the net present value method. Under the calculation discount rate of 12%, the project for the production cycle of 24-42 years was not cost-effective from the economic aspect. Investment under calculation discount rate 4% was financially justified in all the study cases. The discount rate of 6% can be accepted by shorter production cycles in the younger stands (to the age of 28 years) on better sites (alluvial semigley). In the case of susceptibility analysis for NPV, it can be concluded that the NPV amounts for 13 study compartments within the analyzed scope of receipts and costs have a negative sign. This leads to a conclusion that the project is more susceptible to the changes in costs than to the changes in receipts in the concrete case at the discount rate of 12%.

scholarly journals Estimation of cost-effectiveness of poplar wood production in poplar plantations in Ravni Srem based on the cost-benefit method

2011 ◽  
pp. 81-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Keca
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Discount Rate ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Poplar Plantations ◽  
Economic Analyses ◽  
The Cost

Cost-effectiveness of polar cultivation was analyzed based on one of the indicators for the assessment of agriculture and forestry projects - cost-benefit (r). Poplar plantations of the clone I-214 of different rotations and on different soil types were analyzed in the area of Ravni Srem. The aim of the study was to evaluate the justification of the invested financial means in wood production in poplar plantations, based on the analysis of costs and receipts at different plantation ages, using the cost-benefit method. It was found that in all 13 analyzed compartments, the average cost-benefit ratio was 0.36. This means that the costs at the discount rate of 12% are about 2.8 times higher than the receipts. Accordingly, it can be asserted that it is economically unjustified to invest in the projected stands, but only in the case when the value of social capital accounts for 12%. Based on the analysis of sensitivity of the cost-benefit method, it was concluded that cost benefit ratio for p=8-12% was below 1 within the study range of costs and receipts changes, while for p=4-6% this ratio was above 1 in some cases of decrease in costs, i.e. increase in receipts. It was noted that the change in r depending on the change in costs, developed by the exponential function, and the change in r depending on the change in receipts developed by the linear function. Also, it was concluded that at the lower discount rates, the values of r moved towards 1, so for 8% r=0.71, and for 6% r=0.94. The value at the discount rate of 4% indicates that the project is cost-effective and that the invested ? 1 makes ? 1.22. This fact is especially important when poplar cultivation projects are ranked. For this reason, this method is used for the evaluation of social benefits, i.e. for economic analyses. It is almost never applied in the analysis of private investments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Cost-Effectiveness of the Installation of Heat-Cost Allocators in Multifamily Buildings in Croatia

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunčana Slijepčević ◽  
Davor Mikulić ◽  
Kristijan Horvat
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Heat Energy ◽  
Energy Prices ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Cost

In order to improve energy efficiency, the Croatian government introduced an individual metering obligation for all district heat network users. The purpose of the research was to evaluate this policy measure regarding its effects on tenants’ behavior and energy savings, but also from the perspective of cost-effectiveness. The sample includes approximately 20% of all Croatian users of district heat energy. Energy savings related to the installation of heat cost allocators are calculated by comparing the specific heat energy consumption, corrected for the number of heating degree days, in periods before and after the installation of the heat cost allocators. The cost-effectiveness assessment is based on the concept of the net present value. The transition to individual metering in Croatia resulted in significant energy savings averaged from 20 to 35%. However, low heat energy prices in cities with a dominant share of heat energy consumption did not ensure a positive net present value of investment for all buildings.

scholarly journals Investment appraisal of a poplar plantation aged 42 years

2013 ◽  
pp. 127-140
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Keca ◽  
Nenad Keca
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Poplar Plantation ◽  
Investment Appraisal ◽  
Dynamic Investment ◽  
Populus X Euramericana ◽  
Benefit Cost

Commercial profitability of poplar cultivation was analyzed in an artificial poplar plantation in Serbia. The aim of this study was to validate the invested financial means in the artificial poplar plantation, on the basis of the analysis of costs and receipts during a 42-year rotation, on alluvial semigley, at a discount rate of 12%. Methods of dynamic investment calculation (net present value - NPV, internal rate of return - IRR, benefit-cost method - B/C and payback period - PBP) were used. The investigated plantations were established from Populus x euramericana cl. I-214, with a planting spacing of 6 x 3 m. At the calculation discount rate of 12%, the project for the production cycle of 42 years was not cost-effective from the economic aspect. The discount rate of 6% can be accepted in the studied plot because of the better site (alluvial semigley), but the oldness of the stand is unfavourable. For the studied sample plot, IRR was 5.51 %. B/C at r=12% in the study compartment was 0.24. The analysis shows that PBP is practically unacceptable for the investor at the discount rate of 6%. In practice, it is necessary to improve the position of producers in getting financial means for investment in poplar cultivation, so as to stimulate the establishment of artificial poplar plantations, especially in the private sector (on private land).

scholarly journals Cost- Effectiveness Analysis of Infectious Waste Treatment Devices in Hospital

2018 ◽  
pp. 645-649
Author(s):  
Maryam Khashij ◽  
Mohsen Pakdaman ◽  
Mohammad Mehralian ◽  
Mehran Abtahi ◽  
Mehdi Mokhtari
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Discount Rate ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Sensitivity Rate ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
Infectious Waste ◽  
The Cost

Introduction: Today, the infectious wastes of hospitals are considered as a public health problem. Considering the huge amounts of hazardous wastes and the disadvantages of incinerators, we need to investigate the non-combustible devices involved in biochemical treatment. This study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the cost-effectiveness of infectious wastes devices. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and economic efficiency of the infectious waste devices in Yazd and Isfahan hospitals.  In this study, the total cost of infectious waste treatment systems in hospitals, the Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER), as well as the sensitivity rate for the reduction of infectious wastes were calculated using Treeage software version 2011. In order to calculate the cost effectiveness using the total cost and the amount of produced waste, we applied the discount rate of five percent and the useful life of 10 years for each device. Results: Based on the results, devices A and F had the highest and the lowest total cost, respectively. In addition, autoclave D with an ICER of 257.20 was more cost effective than other devices. So, device D, with a discount rate of ±5 and a range of 244.244 - 270.06 was chosen as the best option for infectious waste disposal. Conclusion: The results can be used to explore and outline the future prospects for choosing the best technology for treatment of infectious waste in hospitals. In other words, we have different options on different circumstances and occasions

scholarly journals NPV analysis as a function of the discount rate and cost of rehandling implementing SIMSCHED DBS to open pit mining

2017 ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Carolina Navia-Vásquez ◽  
María Camila Monsalve-Hinestroza ◽  
Giovanni Franco-Sepúlveda
Keyword(s):  
Discount Rate ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Mineral Deposit ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Open Pit Mining ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Mining Project ◽  
Search For Information ◽  
The Cost

The function of all software is to model situations that look like reality, in order to find the most viable conditions for developing a mining project, since in these what is sought is to increase revenue and reduce costs by making better decisions. In this industry investors seek to obtain the highest income in exploiting underground resources, with the aim of achieving return on investment. In this article the discount rate and the cost of rehandling of a mineral deposit hypothetical gold and copper is evaluated using the SIMSCHED DBS software. In turn a search for information, which can give clarity to the concepts with which you are working, is done. Based on the simulations performed with the two economic variables you can select the optimal net present value (NPV) for future flows.

scholarly journals Cost Analysis of Deploying Femtocells in Speed Trains in Nigeria to Improve Indoor Coverage and Capacity of LTE Network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Eze ◽  
Mamilus Ahaneku ◽  
Udora Nwawelu ◽  
Douglas Amoke
Keyword(s):  
Cost Analysis ◽  
Discount Rate ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Railway Line ◽  
Lte Network ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The cost analysis of deployment of femtocells in speed trains along Abuja-Kaduna standard gauge railway line to improve the coverage and capacity of Long Term Evolution (LTE) network for 5000 commuters using that route daily is presented in this paper. Additional cost will include the cost of femtocells procurement, license, installation, backhaul, operation & maintenance. The cost analysis is carried out using techno-economic model to determine the business viability of embarking on such a project by LTE network providers in Nigeria. The estimated capital expenditure (CAPEX) and operating expenditure (OPEX) as well as the projected revenues accrues from this project form the cash outflows and cash inflows are used to simulate the net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) in MS Excel environment on a discount rate and tax rate of 22%, and 30%, respectively to determine the feasibility of the investment. The results of their NPV values which are positive show that the macro-femtocell arrangement in speed train plying Abuja-Kaduna railway route is cost effective for a life time of 10 years and is feasible up to an IRR 53% which exceeds the estimated discount rate of 22%. The value of the payback period indicates that it will not take long for any LTE network provider in Nigeria to recover their investment. The result of the NPV sensitivity analysis shows how various cost and non-cost parameters affect the cost-effectiveness of such investment.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Cost-effectiveness of Risk-reducing Inputs: Wind Machines for Citrus

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-170
Author(s):  
Steven C. Blank ◽  
Raymond Venner
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Yield Risk ◽  
Frost Protection ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Risk Reducing

This study develops a method of estimating wind machine effectiveness. The method captures the important variables affecting cost-effectiveness and can be applied at little cost. The present-value method outlined may be applied when evaluating frost protection for other crops and other risk-reducing inputs, such as irrigation equipment. Oranges in California are presented as a case study. The empirical results presented indicate that wind machines are generally not cost-effective for California orange producers. However, when the nonfinancial benefits of yield risk reduction are included, it is possible that wind machines are cost-effective for some growers.

scholarly journals Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of BCG Vaccination against Tuberculosis in Indonesia: A Model-Based Study

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 707
Author(s):  
Afifah Machlaurin ◽  
Franklin Christiaan Karel Dolk ◽  
Didik Setiawan ◽  
Tjipke Sytse van der Werf ◽  
Maarten J. Postma
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Bcg Vaccination ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Cost

Bacillus Calmette–Guerin (BCG), the only available vaccine for tuberculosis (TB), has been applied for decades. The Indonesian government recently introduced a national TB disease control programme that includes several action plans, notably enhanced vaccination coverage, which can be strengthened through underpinning its favourable cost-effectiveness. We designed a Markov model to assess the cost-effectiveness of Indonesia’s current BCG vaccination programme. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were evaluated from the perspectives of both society and healthcare. The robustness of the analysis was confirmed through univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA). Using epidemiological data compiled for Indonesia, BCG vaccination at a price US$14 was estimated to be a cost-effective strategy in controlling TB disease. From societal and healthcare perspectives, ICERs were US$104 and US$112 per quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), respectively. The results were robust for variations of most variables in the univariate analysis. Notably, the vaccine’s effectiveness regarding disease protection, vaccination costs, and case detection rates were key drivers for cost-effectiveness. The PSA results indicated that vaccination was cost-effective even at US$175 threshold in 95% of cases, approximating the monthly GDP per capita. Our findings suggest that this strategy was highly cost-effective and merits prioritization and extension within the national TB programme. Our results may be relevant for other high endemic low- and middle-income countries.

scholarly journals Cost Effectiveness of Transbronchial Needle Aspiration

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A Crocket ◽  
Eric YL Wong ◽  
Dale C Lien ◽  
Khanh Gia Nguyen ◽  
Michelle R Chaput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Benign Disease ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Transbronchial Needle Aspiration ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
The Cost

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the yield and cost effectiveness of transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) in the assessment of mediastinal and/or hilar lymphadenopathy.DESIGN: Retrospective study.SETTING: A university hospital.POPULATION STUDIED: Ninety-six patients referred for bronchoscopy with computed tomographic evidence of significant mediastinal or hilar adenopathy.RESULTS: Ninety-nine patient records were reviewed. Three patients had two separate bronchoscopy procedures. TBNA was positive in 42 patients (44%) and negative in 54 patients. Of the 42 patients with a positive aspirate, 40 had malignant cytology and two had cells consistent with benign disease. The positive TBNA result altered management in 22 of 40 patients with malignant disease and one of two patients with benign disease, thereby avoiding further diagnostic procedures. The cost of these subsequent procedures was estimated at $27,335. No complications related to TBNA were documented.CONCLUSIONS: TBNA is a high-yield, safe and cost effective procedure for the diagnosis and staging of bronchogenic cancer.

The cost-effectiveness of insulin analogs and regular insulin for diabetes control: a case study in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4/5) ◽  
pp. 323-331
Author(s):  
Mohsen pakdaman ◽  
Raheleh akbari ◽  
Hamid reza Dehghan ◽  
Asra Asgharzadeh ◽  
Mahdieh Namayandeh
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Regular Insulin ◽  
Diabetes Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Insulin Analogs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cost

PurposeFor years, traditional techniques have been used for diabetes treatment. There are two major types of insulin: insulin analogs and regular insulin. Insulin analogs are similar to regular insulin and lead to changes in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. The purpose of the present research was to determine the cost-effectiveness of insulin analogs versus regular insulin for diabetes control in Yazd Diabetes Center in 2017.Design/methodology/approachIn this descriptive–analytical research, the cost-effectiveness index was used to compare insulin analogs and regular insulin (pen/vial) for treatment of diabetes. Data were analyzed in the TreeAge Software and a decision tree was constructed. A 10% discount rate was used for ICER sensitivity analysis. Cost-effectiveness was examined from a provider's perspective.FindingsQALY was calculated to be 0.2 for diabetic patients using insulin analogs and 0.05 for those using regular insulin. The average cost was $3.228 for analog users and $1.826 for regular insulin users. An ICER of $0.093506/QALY was obtained. The present findings suggest that insulin analogs are more cost-effective than regular insulin.Originality/valueThis study was conducted using a cost-effectiveness analysis to evaluate insulin analogs versus regular insulin in controlling diabetes. The results of study are helpful to the government to allocate more resources to apply the cost-effective method of the treatment and to protect patients with diabetes from the high cost of treatment.

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