scholarly journals European Union: Chronology of union idea as a dominant characteristics of European nations

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan Sabic ◽  
Mila Pavlovic
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Conceptual Base ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Second World

This paper deals with basic concepts, problems, and perspectives of idea of community with the aspect of science. This paper explains those trends of this idea in science during history until Second World War, and new trends in new conceptual base of European future.

Book Reviews

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-121
Author(s):  
Thomas Klikauer ◽  
Norman Simms ◽  
Helge F. Jani ◽  
Bob Beatty ◽  
Nicholas Lokker
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
European Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
First Century ◽  
New Right ◽  
Academic Press ◽  
The European Union ◽  
World War ◽  
Second World

Jay Julian Rosellini, The German New Right: AfD, PEGIDA and the Re-imagining of National Identity (London: C. Hurst, 2019).Simon Bulmer and William E. Paterson, Germany and the European Union: Europe’s Reluctant Hegemon? (London: Red Globe Press, 2019).Susan Neiman, Learning from the Germans: Race and the Memory of Evil (New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2019).Stephan Jaeger, The Second World War in the Twenty-First-Century Museum: From Narrative, Memory, and Experience to Experientiality (Berlin: De Gruyter, 2020).Robert M. Jarvis, Gambling under the Swastika: Casinos, Horse Racing, Lotteries, and Other Forms of Betting in Nazi Germany (Durham, NC: Carolina Academic Press, 2019).

The Churchill Syndrome

2020 ◽  
pp. 69-102
Author(s):  
Steven Fielding ◽  
Bill Schwarz ◽  
Richard Toye
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
The European Union ◽  
World War ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Complex Figure ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
Second World ◽  
Point Of Reference

This chapter focuses on the way in which political actors of different stripes have used the idea of Churchill as a means of self-validation. It explores how, in the decades after his death, Churchill became a key point of reference in Anglo-American relations, a theme which intensified after the terrorist attacks of 9/11. The chapter also examines how Churchill has been used by those on both sides of the long-running debate about British membership of the European Union. Although Remainers invoked the memory of the 1946 ‘United States of Europe’ speech, they struggled to sell Churchill as a complex figure who was prepared to make concessions on British sovereignty in the interests of future peace. The ingrained, bulldog image remained hegemonic—even though Churchill’s popular reputation had shifted in subtle but significant ways since the end of the Second World War.

Evolution of the German concepts of military cooperation in Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 11-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Żurek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The European Union ◽  
World War ◽  
Military Cooperation ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Angela Merkel ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Second World ◽  
The Eu

Germany’s military cooperation with European partners is undertaken either within the European Union or outside its structures. The cooperation within the European Union takes place mainly on two levels: inter-governmental and supranational. The cooperation outside the EU is also focused on two levels: bilateral and multilateral. The author’s intention is to identify the direction of the evolution of the German concepts of military cooperation in Europe during the reign of Angela Merkel using a multi-level approach. Concepts co-created or co-implemented by Germany assume that strong and united Europe can counteract external threats by development of its own military component. It is clear, that there is conceptual asymmetry, that is why there are more intergovernmental concepts (military missions, PESCO, strengthened CSDP, EI2) than transnational concepts, from which we distinguish the only one, e.g. the concept of the European army. The influence on the evolution of the German concepts can have an integral federalism, which this country adheres to, and which was implemented after the Second World War into the political and administrative system, i.e. system based on multilevelness and cooperation of authorities, that has proved effective, so it can also be effective in multi-level military cooperation in the EU.

scholarly journals Anti-establishment voting and Euroscepticism: The case of Italy and the Five Star Movement

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Di Lieto ◽  
Bruno Mascitelli
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
World War ◽  
Five Star Movement ◽  
Second World ◽  
Historic Approach

This paper explores the meaning of the Italian anti-establishment voting and whether the Five Star Movement’s anti-establishment label is appropriate. More specifically the investigation addresses the policies of the Five Star Movement towards the now creaking European Union, especially as growing Euroscepticism has been boosted by the Brexit referendum and the Trump dismissal and disdain for the European Union. In doing so, the paper examines the historic approach of so-called ‘anti- establishment’ parties that have had an almost ‘normal’ occurrence within the Italian political environment since the end of the Second World War. In this sense the paper concludes that addressing parties and systems as anti-establishment does little to help our understanding of this most fluid political period in Italy and across Europe.

Britain and Europe Since 1945

1957 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-105
Author(s):  
Michael P. Fogarty
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
European Unity ◽  
Western European ◽  
The One ◽  
Second World ◽  
Stephen Leacock

“So then,” to quote the unforgettable Stephen Leacock, translating from the Greek, “the mighty hero Ajax leapt (better: was propelled from behind) into the fight.” Here is the paradox of British attitudes toward European unity. On the one hand, Britain has been a member or close associate of nearly all the European institutions so far brought into being. The first important moves in the defense of Europe after the Second World War were the Dunkirk Treaty (1947) between Britain and France, and the Brussels Treaty (1948) between these two countries and Benelux. A few years later the European Defense Community was being discussed, and Britain promised what amounted to little less than membership of it. When E.D.C. collapsed and Western European Union took its place, Britain joined W.E.U. and undertook to keep on the mainland of Europe its main ground force and tactical air force. These forces are not to be withdrawn from the mainland against the wishes of a majority of the W.E.U. powers.

scholarly journals The European Union a stepping stone to further integration or rather a Eurocentric fortress?

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Maren Kraushaar
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The European Union ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
World War ◽  
Stepping Stone ◽  
National Power ◽  
Internal Integration ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
Second World

The European Union a stepping stone to further integration or rather a Eurocentric fortress? Still with the memory of the destructive national power of the Second World War, the main initiators of the European integration stirred this project with the objective of preventing further conflicts through economic integration. Closer economic ties, spilling over to more countries and more policy areas lead to the development of an ever closer union which has become a powerful actor in international affairs. This essay will explore the question to what extent the European Union can be characterized as Eurocentric regionalism, rather focused on internal integration and enforcing outside borders than on global understanding. In order to shed light on this question several policy areas will be analysed, such as the European aid and trade policy, as well as the agricultural policy as these are areas where the European Union is directly confronted with external politics and international interests.

scholarly journals Internationalization of Universities: 70 Years of Experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Vladimir Filippov
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
European Union ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The European Union ◽  
World War ◽  
Council Of Europe ◽  
International Policies ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Second World

AbstractThe creation of the IAU 70 years ago was one of the consequences of evolving international life following the Second World War. This featured the evolution of organizations such as the United Nations, UNESCO, the Council of Europe and the European Union. In higher education, new international policies led to the internationalization of universities (Altbach, 2010). From the beginning, the IAU became one of the international platforms where universities exchanged experiences and built relations. In the acting strategy of IAU adopted in 2016, internationalization is one of the four priorities.

The transnational mythscape of the Second World War

2019 ◽  
pp. 175069801986315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoav Galai
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Collective Memory ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Memory Politics ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Second World ◽  
Made In

Since the early 2000s, the study of European Memory politics has proliferated, but has come to mean different things. It focuses either on the emergence of Holocaust remembrance as a shared cultural memory, disputes within European Union institutions over what the European collective memory should be, or diplomatic standoffs between Russia and its former satellites. I argue that while such complex multi-level memory politics defy an overarching theoretical categorisation, they can be understood through a comprehensive approach, which is achieved by considering the different narratives of the past to be interpretations of a common historical occurrence. This article argues that European Memory Politics as a whole occurs within a transnational mythscape of the Second World War, in which international actors promote their interpretations as simplified myths while warding off competing myths that negatively depict their mythical selves. An emergent narrative alliance between Russia and Israel, made in response to European memory politics, is used to illustrate the utility of the transnational mythscape framework for understanding memory politics beyond the national sphere.

scholarly journals OCHRONA KONSUMENTA NA PRZEŁOMIE EPOK – INSTYTUCJA RĘKOJMI W PRAWIE NAJNOWSZYM

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Anna Falkowska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
The European Union ◽  
World War ◽  
Polish Law ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Second World ◽  
Union Directive

CONSUMER PROTECTION AT THE TURN OF THE CENTURY –WARRANTY IN MODERN POLISH LAW Summary The presented article is devoted to development of warranty institution in the Polish modern law. The time frames of this article include the period between 1918 and 2003. The first date marks the beginning of the independent Polish country after the Second World War. The second date is connected with introducing in Poland a new law which implements the European Union directive. This new law concerns consumers and instead of a traditional warranty it introduces a new term of conformity with the contract.

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