Pretreatments of lignocellulosic feedstock for bioethanol production

The use of renewable energy sources (biofuels), either as a component in the conventional fossil fuels, gasoline and diesel, or as a pure biofuel, contributes to energy saving and decrease of total CO2 emission. The use of bioethanol mixed with gasoline significantly decreases gasoline consumption and contributes to environment protection. One of the problems in the production of bioethanol is the availability of sugar and starch based feedstock used for its production. However, lignocellulosic feedstocks are becoming more significant in the production of bioethanol due to their availability and low cost. The aim of this study is to point out the advantages and shortcomings of pretreatment processes and hydrolyses of lignocellulosic feedstocks that precede their fermentation to bioethanol.

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Experimental Studies on an Inclined Collector Divergent Chimney Pilot Plant

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/850/1/012008 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 850 (1) ◽

pp. 012008

Author(s):

N Rajamurugu

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Low Cost ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

High Mass ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Solar Pv ◽

Solar Chimney ◽

Energy Agency

Abstract Renewable energy sources become suitable valid options to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels or petroleum products. The International Renewable Energy Agency reports that the world will harvest 40% of energy from renewable energy sources by 2030. Conventional technologies such as solar PV technology, consumes higher capital per unit (kWh) of electricity generation cost significantly higher than the traditional sources. Hence, solar chimney power generation system can be suitable option for generating low cost energy. Solar chimneys are developed and tested by different researchers in enhancing the performance of the system. Studies on the geometric modifications of the collector, and chimney are limited. The aim of this paper is to analyse the experimental data obtained from a divergent solar chimney. Experimentation is carried under sunlight in an open atmosphere. The airflow rates in the chimneys are tested under different collector outlet height. The experimental results showed that a chimney with higher collector openings was performed well than other models. The computational analysis is also carried out using ANSYS Fluent software package which shows that the collector opening of 2.5m is recommended for higher high mass flow rate and system efficiency.

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Nigeria: Advancing the Cause of Renewable Energy in Nigeria’s Power Sector Through its Legal Framework

Environmental Policy and Law ◽

10.3233/epl-200246 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (4-5) ◽

pp. 433-444

Author(s):

Olusola Joshua Olujobi ◽

Temilola Olusola-Olujobi

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Legal Framework ◽

Comparative Approach ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Power Sector ◽

Alternative Source ◽

Regulatory Policies ◽

Oil Sector

Fossil fuels have been the mainstream of energy supply and a major source of foreign exchange earnings for the Federal Government of Nigeria, in spite of being an unrenewable and unsustainable source of energy. Nigeria is yet to tap into the full benefits after privatising its power sector, including the new global evolution in the energy sector and the resulting increasing demand for renewable energy sources, which some consider to be cheaper and more environmentally friendly than fossil fuels and their allied products. Energy security is a challenge to socio-economic development in Nigeria, due to the country’s over-dependency on fossil fuels. In terms of their impact and the potentials to preserve energy sources for longevity and sustainability, however, fossil fuels will come to be seen as an out-dated alternative in the power sector as the energy industry evolves. The implications for Nigeria’s oil sector will not be limited to dwindling crude oil prices. The concerns include poor energy utilisation in Nigeria and the need to promote energy efficiency and sustainability. They have led to the formulation of new energy policies around the world to serve as a vehicle for translating solutions into reality. This study has adopted a library-based legal research method with a comparative approach. The study reveals that it is the lack of a coherent legal framework with incentives for using renewable energy that is largely seen as the key issue causing slow uptake of renewable energy as an alternative source of energy in Nigeria. As well as the need for a coherent legal framework on energy and incentives for using renewable energy sources, the study advocates stringent enforcement of existing energy regulatory policies.

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Advances in Underground Energy Storage for Renewable Energy Sources

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11115142 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 5142

Author(s):

Javier Menéndez ◽

Jorge Loredo

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Storage ◽

Natural Gas ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Sources ◽

The European Union ◽

Coal Fuel

The use of fossil fuels (coal, fuel, and natural gas) to generate electricity has been reduced in the European Union during the last few years, involving a significant decrease in greenhouse gas emissions [...]

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The Role of Renewable Energy Sources in a Sustainable World

Energy & Environment ◽

10.1177/0958305x9200300407 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 3 (4) ◽

pp. 430-443 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ruud Pleune

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Energy Conservation ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Energy Use ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Sources ◽

World Energy ◽

World Concept

Present energy use - largely dependent on fossil fuels - is incompatible with the sustainable world concept. In a sustainable world, energy sources are renewable and used in a way that damage to the environment is minimalized. This study investigates the possibility of a sustainable world using renewable energy sources. It appears that - when strict energy conservation is applied - such a sustainable world seems to be attainable. This requires, however, drastic changes in most parts of society.

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The Potential of Using Renewable Energy Sources in Poland Taking into Account the Economic and Ecological Conditions

Energies ◽

10.3390/en14227525 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (22) ◽

pp. 7525

Author(s):

Mariusz Niekurzak

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Technical Specification ◽

Economic Benefits ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Renewable Sources ◽

Starting Point

The aim of the manuscript was to present the collective results of research on the profitability of using various renewable sources in Poland with the greatest development potential. In the paper, the economic parameters of various investment projects were determined and calculated, i.e., Net Capital Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and the Period of Return on Invested Capital (PBT). The economic assessment of the use of RES technologies was supplemented with the assessment of environmental benefits. The ecological criterion adopted in the study was the assessment of the potential and costs of reducing greenhouse gas emissions as a result of replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy technologies. On the basis of the constructed economic model to assess the profitability of investments, it has been shown that the analyzed projects will start to bring, depending on their type and technical specification, measurable economic benefits in the form of a reduction in the amount of energy purchased on an annual basis and environmental benefits in the form of reduction of carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere. Moreover, the calculations show a high potential for the use of certain renewable sources in Poland, which contributes to the fulfillment of energy and emission obligations towards the EU. The analyzes and research of the Polish energy market with the use of the presented models have shown that the project is fully economically justified and will allow investors to make a rational decision on the appropriate selection of a specific renewable energy source for their investment. The presented economic models to assess the profitability of investments in renewable energy sources can be successfully used in other countries and can also be a starting point for a discussion about the direction of energy development. Due to the lack of collective, original and up-to-date research on the domestic market, the manuscript provides the reader with the necessary knowledge regarding the legitimacy of using renewable energy sources, investment and environmental profitability.

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Development of a Micro grid with Renewable Energy Sources with Feedback Controller

International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering - Special Issue ◽

10.35940/ijitee.k2183.0981119 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 2014-2018

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Electricity Generation ◽

Low Cost ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Electrical Power ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Military Operations ◽

Urban Centers ◽

Industrial Projects ◽

Micro Grid

To make micro grid with renewable energy and to over come the technical challenges and economy base and policy and regulatory challenges . From the natural wastage we can generate the Electricity. Thus, the Electrical Power or Electricity is available with a low cost and pollution free to anyplace in the world at all times. This process divulge a unequaled step in electricity generation and this type of generation is maintain the ecological balance. We can have an uninterrupted power supply irrespective of the natural condition without any kind of environmental pollution. More influence this process relent the less production cost for electricity generation. Micro grids have long been used in remote areas to power off-grid villages, military operations or industrial projects. But increasingly they are being used in cities or towns, in urban centers. Here we try a proto type of micro grid with renewable energy sources.

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The use of renewable resources is an opportunity and an obligation

Acta Agraria Debreceniensis ◽

10.34101/actaagrar/55/1902 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 13-17

Author(s):

Zoltán Balla

Keyword(s):

Solar Wind ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Renewable Resources ◽

Energy Production ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Rational Utilization ◽

Security Of Supply ◽

Harmful Substances

The renewable energy sources could be used in energy production, while no or only very slightly emit harmful substances to the environment. The solar, wind, hydropower, biomass and heat rational utilization of land contributes to greenhouse gas emissions.Renewable energy sources also reduces the dependence on fossil fuels, thus contributing to increase security of supply. The creation of local jobs to strengthen the area's population retaining ability.

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Energy and Energy Efficiency

Technologies for Electrical Power Conversion, Efficiency, and Distribution ◽

10.4018/978-1-61520-647-6.ch001 ◽

2010 ◽

pp. 1-9

Keyword(s):

Energy Efficiency ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Nuclear Waste ◽

Nuclear Power ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

18Th Century ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Nuclear Power Engineering ◽

Energy Sources ◽

The World

Originally, coal was the main source of energy. It remains so throughout the 18th century during the period of the rapid industry development. Later on, oil and naphtha began to be used as energy sources and their usage expanded especially in 19th century. A special feature of the above mentioned fossil fuels is their long creation period – requiring millennia. They are a result of rotting of different plant and animal kinds. In comparison to the period of their formation, the period of their utilization is far shorter. In accordance with a number of existing statistics about 2050 year it may be talked about a depletion of the liquid fossil fuels, also, the world coal supplies are considered to last within the next 200 years. Therefore, the development of nuclear power engineering is considered to be one of the alternatives to generate energy. Recently, the nuclear power energy generation has been denied in many countries because of the risks associated with its generation and because these risks have been confirmed by serious accidents throughout the World. The storage of worked nuclear waste is also a problem and risky. The renewable energy sources are another possibility to generate energy.

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Renewable Energy Sources

Practice, Progress, and Proficiency in Sustainability - Handbook of Research on Green Economic Development Initiatives and Strategies ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-0440-5.ch011 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. 238-269

Author(s):

Mahmure Övül Arıoğlu Akan ◽

Ayşe Ayçim Selam ◽

Seniye Ümit Oktay Fırat

Keyword(s):

Renewable Energy ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Energy Use ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Energy Sources ◽

Global Energy ◽

Global Organizations ◽

Detailed Review ◽

Life Threatening ◽

Near Future

Sustainability concerns resulting from the consumption of natural resources, life-threatening levels of pollution, global warming, climate change and the ever-increasing worldwide energy use have brought renewable energy sources to forefront. Given the possibility of depletion of fossil fuels in the near future, the utilization of clean and renewable energy sources have become inevitable. Consequently, governments and global organizations adopted respective regulations to ensure the production and use of renewable energy and promote the respective new investments. In the light of these developments, the aim of this study is to conduct a detailed review and evaluation on the current literature and global energy statistics. The respective projects, binding regulations, incentives, and pricing mechanisms have also been studied to analyze and compare the renewable energy policies adopted worldwide. Ultimately, the goal is to make certain suggestions and lay out possible solutions regarding global energy problems.

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