scholarly journals The problems of the complex sentences with complements in Bulgarian

2008 ◽  
pp. 261-272
Author(s):  
Ruselina Nicolova
Keyword(s):  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Syntactic Position ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Multifactor Analysis

The investigation of the complex sentences with complements in Bulgarian is a multifactor analysis, which has to take into account the following issues: a) the lexical meaning of the main predicate, which determines the meaning of the complement in general; b) the grammatical meanings of the main predicate - person (a special role plays the opposition between the speaker and the other participants in communication), number, tense, mood, evidentiality affirmativity or negation; c) the functions of the linking words - complementizers, particles, interrogatives, relatives; d) the meaning of the complement and its related presuppositions or implications (if any), its modality, its illocutionary force, its formal structure, its syntactic position in the complex sentence; e) the combinatorial potential of the matrix sentence and the complement in both aspects - semantic and formal.

scholarly journals Effects of semantic and syntactic complexities and aspectual class on past tense production

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 149-175
Author(s):  
Ayumi Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Relative Clause ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Complement Clause ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Topic Time ◽  
Simple Sentences

This paper reports results from a series of experiments that investigated whether semantic and/or syntactic complexity influences young Dutch children’s production of past tense forms. The constructions used in the three experiments were (i) simple sentences (the Simple Sentence Experiment), (ii) complex sentences with CP complements (the Complement Clause Experiment) and (iii) complex sentences with relative clauses (the Relative Clause Experiment). The stimuli involved both atelic and telic predicates. The goal of this paper is to address the following questions. Q1. Does semantic complexity regarding temporal anchoring influence the types of errors that children make in the experiments? For example, do children make certain types of errors when a past tense has to be anchored to the Utterance Time (UT), as compared to when it has to be anchored to the matrix topic time (TT)? Q2. Do different syntactic positions influence children’s performance on past-tense production? Do children perform better in the Simple Sentence Experiment compared to complex sentences involving two finite clauses (the Complement Clause Experiment and the Relative Clause Experiment)? In complex sentence trials, do children perform differently when the CPs are complements vs. when the CPs are adjunct clauses? (Lebeaux 1990, 2000) Q3. Do Dutch children make more errors with certain types of predicate (such as atelic predicates)? Alternatively, do children produce a certain type of error with a certain type of predicates (such as producing a perfect aspect with punctual predicates)? Bronckart and Sinclair (1973), for example, found that until the age of 6, French children showed a tendency to use passé composé with perfective events and simple present with imperfective events; we will investigate whether or not the equivalent of this is observed in Dutch.  

scholarly journals THE COMBINATION OF VERB PREDICATES: SIMPLE OR COMPLEX SENTENCE?

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Natalja M. Vasiljeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Simple Sentence ◽  
Common View ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Semantic Aspect ◽  
Grammar Form

The article is concerned with the problem of correlation of the homogeneity and the co-ordination in French that is essential to differentiate a simple sentence with the similar verb predicates of a complex sentence. The urgency of such problems is based on the similarity of these syntactic constructions due to the co-ordination link existing in both constructions. This fact doesn’t allow the grammarians to arrive at a common view on the nature of the two constructions. The author proves the influence of the verb predicate syntactic links with the other parts of the sentence on classifying the structure as a simple or a complex sentence. In the paper there have been studied the similar verb predicates in the extended and unextended sentences. In the extended sentences the author focuses on the form and place of a complement, on the presence or absence of the adverbial modifier. The verb predicate grammar form itself influences the differentiating the two structures. Thus, it has been concluded that the main distinctive feature of predicate homogeneity is the grammatical marker. There have been detected the supplementary distinctive feature of predicate homogeneity is the semantic aspect, the lexical meaning in particular. The treated analysis of the empiric material shows the dependence of determining the two syntactic units on the stylistic norms and the rhetorical mode. The most important finding of the research is that, contrary some scientists’ opinion, there is no reason to abandon the term of the similar verb predicates in French.

scholarly journals Hybrid CNN Classification for Sentiment Analysis under Deep Learning

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1473-1480
Keyword(s):  
Sentiment Analysis ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Sentiment Classification ◽  
The Other ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Abstract Noun ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Twitter Data ◽  
Abstract Nouns

Sentiment Analysis (SA) is a popular field in Natural Language Processing (NLP) which focuses on the human emotions by analyzing the lexical and syntactic features. This paper presents an efficient method to find and extract the strong emotions for the sentiment classification using the proposed hybrid Convolutional Neural Networks - Global Vectors - Complex Sentence Searching - ABstract Noun Searching (CNN-GloVe-CSS-ABNS) model. The strong emotions are mostly found in the abstract nouns than the adjectives and adverbs present in the sentences. This research aims in extracting the complex sentences with abstract nouns for the sentiment classification from the twitter data. To extract the complex sentences, the proposed Complex Sentence Searching (CSS) algorithm was used. On the other hand, another proposed algorithm named, ABstract Noun Searching (ABNS) algorithm was used for identifying the abstract nouns in the sentences based on their position in the sentences. The results of this study presents that the proposed CNN-GloVe-CSS-ABNS model outperforms the other proposed models as well as the existing models, by producing an of accuracy 94.87 per cent in sentiment classification.

scholarly journals One sententional model with the prepositional accusativ AS proleptic subject

2010 ◽  
pp. 109-121
Author(s):  
Ivana Antonic
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Formal Structure ◽  
Transitive Verb ◽  
Semantic Classes ◽  
Complement Clause ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
The Status ◽  
Degree Of Certainty

The topic of this paper is a model of two-predicate sentence in which with the matrix predication, which makes the so-called sentential-transitive verb, there appears accusative with the preposition ZA (for) and the complement clause with the conjunction DA (that). On the basis of such formal structure, it represents a sentence with two objects - one non-propositional object in the form of the prepositional accusative - indirect type and the other propositional object, sententially formalized. Conducted analysis showed that this is a specific sentential model which could be viewed at several relevant levels: at the syntactic, syntactic-semantic, semantic and pragmatic level, because only that way one can view all its features. It turned out that the status of complement clause was not problematic - it is a propositional-sentential object, obligatorily postponed both to the basic predication and to the prepositional accusative, but the prepositional accusative, though placed in the matrix sentence, is not in the direct correlation with its predication, so it is not its object, but has the function of PROLEPTIC SUBJECT of the complement clause (in the periphrasis test, the prepositional accusative is turned into nominative and is placed inside the complement clause), and semantically it is a pseudoagent: the bearer of the feature expressed in the predicate of the complement clause whose referent most frequently has the feature ?alive? ?human?, but can also be abstract. Therefore, the verbs which appear in the matrix predication are the verbs of simple, obligatorily propositional-sentential transitivity which in addition also belong to specific semantic classes: it is the case with the verbs of cognition: primarily the basic verb of having knowledge znati (know) and the verbs of acquiring knowledge saznati, doznati (get to know); the verbs of a different degree of certainty about the factual situation: the verb garantovati (guarantee) and the copulative-adjectival structure biti siguran (be certain), biti ubedjen (be assured) and the verbs verovati (believe), misliti (think); then the verb of fictitious cognition uobrazavati (imagine); the verbs of speaking pricati (talk) and, used in that meaning, the verbs cuti (hear), citati (read), then kazati (say), suskati ?speak quietly? (whisper), sumnjati (doubt), nagadjati (suspect); and at the end the verbs of fear: brinuti se ?fear? (worry), bojati se (fear), pribojavati se (have fears), plasiti se (fear), strepeti (fear for), strahovati (be apprehensive). Since with these verbs the complement proposition acquires various features when it comes to factivity, this sentential model is analyzed from that perspective, too. Finally, the paper also discusses the frequency of negative / positive characterization of the referent of the proleptic subject.

Coping with extreme speech conditions in simultaneous interpreting

Interpreting ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Meuleman ◽  
Fred Van Besien
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
Complex Sentence ◽  
Simultaneous Interpreting ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Segmentation Strategy

This study addresses the strategies used by simultaneous interpreters when confronted with syntactically complex sentences and with a high speed of delivery. The material consists of recordings of fifteen professional interpreters rendering two passages (one with a complex sentence structure, the other with a high speed of delivery) from French into Dutch. Most, but not all, interpreters managed to produce an acceptable translation. In the case of the complex passage, most interpreters opted for a segmentation strategy, while a few applied a tailing strategy. In the case of the high delivery speed, most opted for a tailing strategy, but a few applied segmentation.

Costruzioni ipotetiche parentetiche usate come marcatori di cortesia in latino tardo: il tipo si placet, si videtur, si molestum non est

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 477-488
Author(s):  
Chiara Fedriani
Keyword(s):  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stylistic Feature ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Topic Management

Summary:This paper looks at uses and pragmatic functions of five hypothetic clauses used parenthetically in Late Latin to soften the illocutionary force of potentially face-threatening acts such as orders and requests. Specifically, the data show that these politeness markers typically mitigate a very specific type of interactional move, i.e., meta-textual proposals with topic-management, turn-yielding, and discourseorganizational concerns. Moreover, the corpus-based study has revealed that they are found above all in Augustine’s philosophical dialogues. Evidence from earlier research has shown, on the other hand, that in Classical Latin si placet was used almost exclusively in Cicero’s philosophical dialogues: this suggests a process of imitation within a very specific discourse tradition, where these markers are perceived as a stylistic feature typical of urbane conversations among educated friends.

An Analysis of Expletive Words Used in Conversation by Kubang Society, Pauh Sub District, Padang

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
Muthia Damaiyanti ◽  
Edwar Kemal
Keyword(s):  
Recording Technique ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Complex Sentences ◽  
Syntactic Position ◽  
Written Form ◽  
And Function ◽  
Simple Sentences

Speaking is one of the activities conducted by human everyday. In speaking, the sentences can be simple sentences and even complex sentences. Sometimes, in speaking the words and phrases are used to fill a syntactic position without having a meaning or referent. It is called expletive. The research analyzes the form and function of expletive in utterances of kubang society. The data were collected through interviews and recording technique and the theory used from Azar and Manser. The data were presented in written form. The research shows that there are fiften expletive words used by Kubang society in conversation. Expletive often appears in adverb. Though, it is only a filler, expletive words are often used by Kubang society.

Pembobotan Berdasarkan Tingkat Kesamaan Semantik pada Metode Fuzzy Semi-Supervised Co-Clustering untuk Pengelompokkan Dokumen Teks

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Galang Amanda Dwi P. ◽  
Gregorius Edwadr ◽  
Agus Zainal Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Supervised Learning ◽  
Semantic Similarity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Classification Result ◽  
Document Similarity ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Index Terms ◽  
Membership Value ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

Nowadays, a large number of information can not be reached by the reader because of the misclassification of text-based documents. The misclassified data can also make the readers obtain the wrong information. The method which is proposed by this paper is aiming to classify the documents into the correct group.  Each document will have a membership value in several different classes. The method will be used to find the degree of similarity between the two documents is the semantic similarity. In fact, there is no document that doesn’t have a relationship with the other but their relationship might be close to 0. This method calculates the similarity between two documents by taking into account the level of similarity of words and their synonyms. After all inter-document similarity values obtained, a matrix will be created. The matrix is then used as a semi-supervised factor. The output of this method is the value of the membership of each document, which must be one of the greatest membership value for each document which indicates where the documents are grouped. Classification result computed by the method shows a good value which is 90 %. Index Terms - Fuzzy co-clustering, Heuristic, Semantica Similiarity, Semi-supervised learning.

scholarly journals The Speech Act Fallacy Fallacy

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Hurka
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Illocutionary Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
John Searle ◽  
Speech Act Analysis

John Searle has charged R.M. Hare's prescriptivist analysis of the meaning of ‘good,’ ‘ought’ and the other evaluative words with committing what he calls the ‘speech act fallacy.’ This is a fallacy which Searle thinks is committed not only by Hare's analysis, but by any analysis which attributes to a word the function of indicating that a particular speech act is being performed, or that an utterance has a particular illocutionary force. ‘There is a condition of adequacy which any analysis of the meaning of a word must meet,’ Searle writes, ‘and which the speech act analysis fails to meet. Any analysis of the meaning of a word must be consistent with the fact that the same word (or morpheme) can mean the same thing in all the different kinds of sentences in which it can occur.' Hare maintains that the word ‘good’ is used to indicate the speech act of prescribing. He maintains that one of the principal functions of this word is to indicate that utterances of sentences containing it have prescriptive illocutionary force, and that an analysis of its meaning must make explicit and ineliminable reference to this force-indicating function. But ‘good’ regularly occurs in sentences utterances of which appear to have no prescriptive illocutionary force.

Matrix-Mineral Relationships-A. Morphologist's Viewpoint

1979 ◽  
Vol 58 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 922-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.U. Nylen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Material ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Crystal Surface ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
The Other ◽  
Enamel Matrix ◽  
Initial Cell ◽  
Cell Product ◽  
Ultrastructural Morphology ◽  
The Matrix

The literature on the ultrastructural morphology of the enamel matrix and its relationship to the crystals is reviewed. Two morphological entities of the matrix are discussed: One is the so-called stippled material which may be the initial cell product; the other, variously described as fibrillar, lamellar, tubular or helical, is thought by many to play a crucial role in nucleation and orientation of the crystals. A number of observations, however, suggest that the latter structures form secondarily to the crystals and that in reality they represent organic material adsorbed to the crystal surface and maintained as independent structures upon removal of the mineral. The need for additional studies is stressed including systematic studies of interactions between constituents of the organic matrix and the apatite crystals.

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