"The Horse on which Words Ride": Proverbial Narrative in Toyin Falola's A Mouth Sweeter than Salt

Literature and oral tradition share a symbiotic relationship. Toyin Faiola the author of A Mouth Sweeter than Salt has produced a highly engaging memoir. The text is set in Ibadan, Ode Aje and Ilorin. We find a rich and knowledgeable exploitation of oral forms which the author uses within the frame of the biographical genre. Through the use of proverbial narration, Fa­Iola presents a tale replete with magic, religion, divination, spirituality and various folklore elements. The oral forms Faiola has used in the text come from the oral character of everyday life, prose narratives, songs, proverbs and proverb-like expressions while exploring the themes of innocence, curiosity and growth. This stylistic feature of narration is common in African story telling sessions. In both the traditional and modern context, the African prov­erb fulfils its social and communicative function in various forms. Faiola pres­ents an inseparable relationship of mutual exchange between the oral and written traditions. However, our point of emphasis is to evaluate the context and usage of the proverbial narration with a restriction to proverbs which deal with animals. The qualities attributed to animals in the proverbs and sayings figuratively and metaphorically describe people's appearance, characteristics and deeds.

Stylistic features of Yunus Abdullahi's “Yalaimi’s” Arabic praise poems to Prophet Mohammed

Eulogizing the prophet has generated controversies among the Muslims just as this genre of poetry has been mostly ignored and seen as having no significant content. In the Islamic era (Al-AsrulIslami) the prophet permitted Hassan bnThabit to compose poem to defend Islam and praised him. Later he condemned referring to him as Allah or son of Allah as a form praise. The aim of this study is to identify the methods used by the poet to eulogies the Prophet and describe the stylistic feature of the poem. The method of research is descriptive and analytic. The result of the study reveals that the author used three major methods to praise the prophet which include reference to his spiritual status, emphasis on his practices and tradition and describing his religious struggle. The styles used by the author include clarity of language, use of imagery, Iqtibas (adaptation and citation of Quran verses) and rhetorical question. It is recommended therefore, that the poems should be completely translated to English for wider circulation.

The significance of the emphasis in the dialogue of the brothers of Yusuf: An analytical rhetorical study: دلالة التوكيد في حوار إخوة يوسف: دراسة بلاغية تحليلية

This study aims to clarify the significance of the affirmation in the dialogue of the brothers of Joseph, peace be upon him, in the light of the science of semantics. Which makes the hypothesis that their constant feeling that they are under suspicion makes them confirm their words; so that its content would reach the hearts of their listeners, even if those listeners were not in denial of their words; This behavior made the emphasis in their dialogue the most prominent stylistic feature worthy of contemplation and study. This study came in two sections: the first is the theoretical one; It dealt with the emphasis in the Arabic language, its reasons, and the characteristics of the dialogical text; To take from this a knowledge base to move towards the analysis and interpretation of the noble verses that included the dialogue of the Joseph brothers, in the second topic, which is the applied part of the study; Where I extrapolated the noble surah and extracted from it the places that included the dialogue of Joseph’s brothers with their father mostly, and with the entourage of Al-Aziz sometimes, and with Al-Aziz at other times, and then with Joseph himself; target From that extrapolation, classification and analysis, arriving at the psychological significance of the use of emphasis in this intense manner in the dialogue of the brothers of Joseph, peace be upon him, and I interrogated the text itself first, then I used the sayings of the commentators in what I am about to analyze, and I found that they did not pay attention to what I meant; It is an indication of the emphasis on the emotional state of Yusuf’s brothers, with the exception of three modern interpretations in which a passing reference was made to this aspect that I made the subject of my care, and these interpretations are: Tafsir al-Manar, Liberation and Enlightenment, in the shadows of the Qur’an.

Social Mechanisms of Musical Stylistic Change: A Case Study from Early 20th-Century France

This study examined notated meter changes in scores by French composers to probe the role of sociological mechanisms in musical stylistic change. The stylistic feature of notated meter changes, which indexed metrical complexity, was conducive to empirical observation and functioned as a salient innovation in France around 1900. The principal sociological variable was membership in the Apaches artistic club, known for its avant-garde identity. A hypothesis that the Apaches would use significantly more meter changes than their peers was supported. Additional explanatory variables were derived from previous historical research on French composers and from theories about stylistic change. A complex relationship between the stylistic feature and social mechanisms emerged, involving multiple, overlapping social structures. The Labovian sociolinguistic approach was especially resonant in this data, as a composer's proximity to certain individuals, groups, and institutions in the social space related to their degree of enthusiasm for metric innovation. In addition, sociolinguistic theories about stylistic variation in human languages were consistent with patterns in this data set. Finally, a descriptive title was also a significant explanatory variable, which implicates the Labovian notion of register and the importance that Meyer gave to aesthetic goals in musical stylistic change.

Cleft Construction Is a Salient Feature in the ‘City of Glass’ a Novel by Paul Auster: A Stylistic Study

The present study is an attempt to investigate using the grammatical devices of cleft construction as a stylistic feature in the ‘city of Glass’ a post-modernist novel by Paul Auster. The purpose behind using cleft sentence is to highlight the element which is a part of the sentence and it is important for the author’s perspective. The construction of cleft sentence composes of a matrix clause headed by copula and relative or relative-like clause. Both (matrix and relative) reflect a simple logical proposal, That could’ve been conveyed in the consisting of a specific attribute without changing the truth circumstances. So this structure allows the writer focusing on the important element that he /she believes to reveal the creative use of language.

COLOUR TERMS AND THE CREATION OF STATIUS’ EKPHRASTIC STYLE

This paper focusses on colour terminology as a tool for achieving ἐνάργεια (pictorial vividness) in the Latin poetry of the first century c.e. After briefly outlining the developments in the concept of ἐνάργεια from Aristotle to Quintilian, the paper considers the use of Latin terms for black in three descriptive passages from Statius’ epic poem, the Thebaid. It is observed that the poet privileges the juxtaposition of the two adjectives ater and niger in a pattern of uariatio, where ater often carries a figurative meaning and repeats established poetic clichés, while niger is part of unparalleled collocations that evoke a material notion of blackness. Further analysis of the uariatio in the context of each passage reveals that the juxtaposition of the two-colour terms enhances the vividness of the objects described not only by increasing their chromatic impact but also by establishing connections with other parts of the poem, and by inviting a reflection on the competing practices of imitation and transgression of poetic models. The analysis of one stylistic feature (the use of colour terms in uariatio) shows that this stylistic feature is used by Statius for achieving ἐνάργεια as an artistic effect, for reflecting on ἐνάργεια as an instrument through which poetic models are challenged, and for tying his own poetic practice to contemporary rhetorical discussions.

Binômes et polynômes dans la Chançun d’Willame

"Binomials and Polynomials in the Chançun d’Willame. The paper explores binomial constructions (a common stylistic feature of all European medieval literatures) in the Old French epic poem Chançun d’Willame (c. 1200). It analyses the frequency, position, internal structure, and degree of variation of this figure in the poem’s two parts, and compares them to binomial constructions in the Song of Roland, and in romances from the same period. The paper shows that, at a micro-level, this stylistic figure is yet another feature distinguishing the two parts of the William poem. In the more archaïc part, binomials are rigid and formulaic, while in the more recent, romance-like part, they are flexible and creative. At the macro-level, binomial constructions are similarly used (often to achieve assonance) in this poem and in Roland, but differently in the romances. Binomials thus belong to the complex system of formal clues that characterise a medieval “genre”. Keywords: binomial constructions, Chançun d’Willame, medieval epic, chanson de geste, assonance "

Synonyms in the texts of laws (based on Russian laws)

The paper considers the issues of the use of synonyms in the texts of Russian laws. The re-search materials are the texts of federal and regional laws, expert practice. It is noted that syn-onymy, despite the requirement for the unification of legal terminology, is also characteristic of legislative texts. At the same time, synonyms are used not to exclude repetitions of the same words but for the sake of completeness, accuracy, clarity of the transfer of legal mean-ing. Legal synonyms are an integral genre and stylistic feature of the legislative text. Synonyms perform informative, pragmatic, text-forming, and other functions. There are some trends in the use of synonyms in the laws. Preference is given to one or another word from the synonymous series. The choice depends on the subject of the law, aspects of legal regulation, with the chosen synonym not always being stylistically neutral, devoid of evaluative seman-tics. Some terms are used not as synonyms but exclusively in terms of generic relationship. Paronyms may be used as synonyms. Frequent joint (contact) use of synonyms occurs when an additional (qualifying) term is given in brackets after the main term. Such synonyms are characterized by semantic and stylistic differences, the ratio of meanings, and integrated con-tent. A special clause on the equivalence of terms may be made in the law. However, the context always reveals the semantic difference of “equivalent” terms, their semantic shades. The methods and principles of analysis are traditional for Russian studies and legal linguis-tics: discursive, genre-stylistic, lexical-semantic, comparative, statistical, etc.

Poetic Lexicon At Andalusia Feminist Poetry

Every poet has a set of vocalizations that he used to use in his poetry until it became his own stylistic feature, and Ibn Rashiq Al-Qayrawani referred to this idea in his saying, “The well-known poets are well-known and familiar examples that the poet should not prepare nor use any other” (1). Each poet has his own language that distinguishes him from other poets, and they are multi-cultural and literary. They take care of it, as it represents the basic element of building poetry. Lexical even carries a great aura of synonym It has congeners (2), for each creative product has its own linguistic texture in which the poet uses a special use in what his spiritual experience interacts with and intensifies in its accomplishment of his artistic ability and his philosophy of using language to reveal the spirit of renewal and the power of poetic (3), and by this, he may come out with words from Its established nature with its frozen dictionary conditions to a new nature imposed on it by the development of meanings and connotations that the poetic experience underwent in the same poet was subjected to formulate his poetic experience, realizing in the same reader and listener a delicious presence and repercussion (4), and the skillful poet is the one who can formulate from the word what he wants and give it Hair heat. The headmaster of the poetic dictionary of the Andalusian poet finds that the word varies with the contrast of the subject that you are dealing with. For example, spinning requires words characterized by tenderness and sweetness, while rough preaching requires a luxurious sentence and the situation with praise, and if we find that the Andalusian poet has participated in most poetry arts and recorded thin poems in Most of its doors were used to flirt with a man just as it does in a man, and they were praised, spoiled and inherited in a manner similar to that of the man (5). Therefore, we found it appropriate to address the feminist Andalusian poetic lexicon, according to the purposes that the Andalusian poet addressed and became famous for.

Linguistic Features of Limbu Mundhum

This article attempts to look into the kind of language employed in the Mundhum corpus that puts the intricacy to the Limbu natives. To analyze the linguistic aspect of the Mundhum, the study has applied linguistic devices/tools based especially on phonic feature to syntactic structure or pattern. This study, thus, is qualitative in nature and the non-numerical data were collected from the books, journals, articles and religious scripture. The analysis has revealed that the Kirat Limbu Mundhum corpus is a complicated ancient form of poetry believed to be the sacred religious scripture. It has distinctly different language variety in terms of orthographic, phonological, sematic, syntactic and above all the stylistic feature. The linguistic deviation in the Mundhum has set itself off the ordinary language variety causing obscurity for a larger number of the Limbu native speakers. Obsolete and classical terminologies stand as a stumbling block and that have added more obscurity even to the most Limbu natives. The article can be beneficial for those researchers who have a desire to study the classical languages like the Kirat Limbu Mundhum.