scholarly journals Thermodynamics of Bi2O3-SiO2 system

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Onderka ◽  
K. Fitzner ◽  
M. Kopyto ◽  
W. Przybyło
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Galvanic Cells ◽  
Measured Electromotive Force ◽  
Zirconia Electrolyte ◽  
Capacity Data ◽  
Thermocalc Software ◽  
Solid Electrolyte Galvanic Cell

Thermodynamic properties of the liquid Bi2O3-SiO2 solutions were determined from the results of the electrochemical measurements by use of the solid oxide galvanic cells with YSZ (Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia) electrolyte. Activities of Bi2O3 in the solutions were determined for 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 SiO2 mole fractions in the temperature range 1073-1293 K from measured electromotive force (e.m.f) of the solid electrolyte galvanic cell: Bi, Bi2O3-SiO2 | YSZ | air (pO2 = 0.213 bar) Additionally, heat capacity data obtained for two solid phases 6Bi2O3?SiO2 and 2Bi2O3?3SiO2 were included into optimization of thermodynamic properties of the system. Optimization procedure was supported by differential thermal analysis (DTA) data obtained in this work as well as those accepted from the literature. Using the data obtained in this work, and the information about phase equilibria found in the literature, binary system Bi2O3-SiO2 was assessed with the ThermoCalc software.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic properties of the liquid Ag-Bi-Cu-Sn lead-free solder alloys

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Garzel ◽  
M. Kopyto ◽  
L.A. Zabdyr
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Miscibility Gap ◽  
Lead Free Solder ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Galvanic Cells ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Free Solder ◽  
Almost All

The electromotive force measurement method was employed to determine the thermodynamic properties of liquid Ag-Bi-Cu-Sn alloys using solid electrolyte galvanic cells as shown below: Kanthal+Re, Ag-Bi-Cu-Sn, SnO2 | Yttria Stabilized Zirconia | air, Pt, Experiments were made within temperature interval: 950 - 1300K along four composition paths of constant ratios: XAg : XBi : XCu = 1, XAg : (XBi + XCu) = 3:2 for XBi = XCu, XBi : (XAg + XCu) = 3:2 for XAg = XCu and XCu : (XAg + XBi) = 3:2 for XAg = XBi and tin concentration changing from 0.1 to 0.9 mole fractions, every 0.1. Almost all the results were approximated by straight line equations: EMF vs T, and tin activities were then calculated in arbitrary temperature; measurement results were presented by graphs. Unusual activity plot for XBi : (XAg + XCu) = 3:2 composition path was most probably caused by miscibility gap detected earlier in Bi-Cu-Sn ternary liquid alloys.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic properties of the liquid Bi-Cu-Sn lead-free solder alloys

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kopyto ◽  
G. Garzel ◽  
L.A. Zabdyr
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Electromotive Force ◽  
Force Measurement ◽  
Yttria Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Lead Free Solder ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Galvanic Cells ◽  
Free Solder ◽  
Tin Content

The electromotive force measurement method was employed to determine the thermodynamic properties of liquid Bi-Cu-Sn alloys using solid electrolyte galvanic cells as shown below: Kanthal+Re, Bi-Cu-Sn, SnO2 | Yttria Stabilized Zirconia | air, Pt, Po2=0.2:1 atm Measurements were carried out for three cross-sections with constant Bi/Cu ratio equal to: 1/3, 1 and 3 and for various tin content varying every 10%, resulting in a total of 26 different alloy compositions. The temperature of the measurements varied within the range from 973 to 1325 K. A linear dependence of the e.m.f. on temperature was observed for all alloy compositions and the appropriate line equations were derived. Tin activities were calculated as function of composition and temperature. Results were presented in tables and figures.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Cost-Optimal Method Applied to Existing Schools Considering PV System Optimization

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Cecilia Ciacci ◽  
Neri Banti ◽  
Vincenzo Di Naso ◽  
Frida Bazzocchi
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Procedure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Heating System ◽  
System Optimization ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Design Environment ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
The Cost

In Italy in 2020, only 15.5% of school building heritage was retrofitted from an energy and environmental point of view. In this paper, the cost-optimal method was applied to two different school buildings belonging to the same Italian cold climate zone but characterized by different structural and technological solutions. The research aims at defining the cost-effective redevelopment solution among several ones proposed to apply to this building type. At the same time, this paper provides a critical analysis of the methodology applied, highlighting deficiencies related to a not proper evaluation of environmentally friendly retrofitting measures. In a cost-effective context, the main results show that the intervention on the heating system is more convenient than the retrofitting of the envelope. The energy saving is equal to about 35% for both considered schools. Among the different proposed requalification configurations, the adoption of PV (photovoltaic) electric generation is included. In this regard, an optimization procedure was implemented in a generative design environment to maximize energy production with reference to different design parameters. As a result, a solution with south oriented PV modules with a tilt angle of 42° and arranged in 0.7 m spaced rows proved to be the most effective.

Thermodynamic properties of the binary molten salt systems, PbBr2-KBr, PbBr2-RbBr and PbBr2-CsBr, by measurement of the electromotive forces of galvanic cells

1981 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 479 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Bloom ◽  
MS White
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Properties ◽  
Molten Salt ◽  
Activity Coefficients ◽  
Molten Salts ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Complex Ions ◽  
Galvanic Cells ◽  
Salt Systems

The electromotive forces of galvanic cells for the formation of PbBr2 in the molten binary salt systems, PbBr2-KBr, PbBr2,-RbBr and PbBr2-CsBr, have been measured. Activities, activity coefficients and partial molar free energies have been calculated for each component of the three systems. Integral free energies of mixing have also been calculated. Various models of mixing of molten salts have been applied to the results. The systems contain complex ions, probably mixtures of PbBr42-, PbBr64- with some PbBr3-.

Development of Zirconia Electrolyte Films on Porous Doped Lanthanum Manganite Cathodes by Electrophoretic Deposition

1999 ◽  
Vol 575 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. Basu ◽  
C. A. Randall ◽  
M. J. Mayo
Keyword(s):  
Solid Oxide Fuel Cells ◽  
Electrophoretic Deposition ◽  
Yttria Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Lanthanum Manganite ◽  
Ceramic Powders ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
Uniform Coating ◽  
Cathode Tube ◽  
Zirconia Film ◽  
Zirconia Electrolyte

ABSTRACTElectrophoretic deposition (EPD) was explored as an inexpensive route for fabricating the 8mol% yttria stabilized zirconia electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Normally, deposition of particulate ceramic powders onto a sintered porous surface yields a non uniform coating which, after sintering, results in porosity, surface roughness and cracking in the coating. To overcome this problem, the present study used a fugitive graphite interlayer between the porous air electrode supported (AES) cathode tube (doped-LaMnO3) and the deposited zirconia film. By this approach, a fairly dense green coating (˜ 60%) was obtained, which yielded a smooth surface and pore-free microstructure after sintering. Preliminary results on the effect of a fugitive interlayer on the unfired (green) and fired zirconia coatings are discussed.

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