Postpartal hysterectomy performed the consequence of chronic myometritis

Introduction. As a diffuse chronic inflammation, myometritis is very rere and usually follows after postpartal placenta remains or postabortion infections, but it can be also associated with endometrial or ascendent infection. Chronic myometritis is often followed by profuse bleeding, though in most cases it cannot be recognized as it is asymptomatic. Histologically, that chronic process is characterized by the presence of fibriosis within the muscles and mononuclear cells (lymphoplasmocytic and histiocytic) infiltration. Case report. A 24 old woman's second child was delivered per vias naturalis but the next day the profuse bleeding occured which would not stop even after repeated curretages and suspecting a case of placenta accreta and uterus atony, subtotal hysterectomy was performed. Histologically, the disappearance of the regular arrangement of the smooth muscles and stroma could be seen with the devastation of myometrium due to the diffuse reduction of its smooth muscle bundles and cells, as well as their atrophy, necrobiosis and apoptosis with the minimal preservation of the muscle bundles and little cell groups of the myometrium, an abundant presence of the fibrocollagene and myxoid transformed connective tissue, group cells similar to the mesenchymal tissue and adipocytes. Discussion It was not possible to find this variant of the changes on the myometrium in the available literature. The present case is about the clinically unknown asymptomatic myometritis, possibly developed in the postpartal period of the previous pregnancy. It is our opinion that it is most probably an autoagressive process directed towards the smooth muscle cells of the myometrium, as shown by their reduction and inflammatory cells composition, which plays an important role in the immune reactions (lymphocytes, plasma cells, eosinophilis, histocytes). Conclusion. A subtotal hysterectomy was performed on a woman, 24 years old, who gave birth to her second child and had profuse postpartal bleeding in sprite of repeated curettages. On the basis of this uterus atony, there is the clinically non-manifested chronic myometritis. The chronic inflammation resulted in a subtotal reduction of myometrium muscle mass, its replacement sclerosis, the multiplication of adipocytes, mesenchymal cells, histoicytes, lymphomonocytes and dissection of muscle fascicles.

Download Full-text

Hepatic lesions and bacterial changes in mice during infection of Fusobacterium necrophorum

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m77-215 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 23 (10) ◽

pp. 1465-1477 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

M. M. Garcia ◽

K. M. Charlton ◽

K. A. McKay

Keyword(s):

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Plasma Cells ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Fusobacterium Necrophorum ◽

Post Inoculation ◽

Liver Abscesses ◽

Infected Liver ◽

Ultrathin Sections ◽

Hepatic Lesions ◽

Intraperitoneal Inoculation

Liver abscesses were induced in male albino mice within 1 week after intraperitoneal inoculation of viable Fusobacterium necrophorum LA 19 culture. Fusobacteremia was transitory and reached a peak 2 h after inoculation then sharply declined until its disappearance 24 h post inoculation. By contrast, the number of fusobacteria in the liver increased rapidly during the first 4 h post inoculation and continued to do so less rapidly until the last sampling time (48 h post inoculation). There were small or large areas of necrosis, usually surrounded by inflammatory cells, small focal accumulations of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages in areas of parenchyma with no degenerations, generalized proliferation of Kupffer cells, and a few accumulations of fibrin and leukocytes on the surface. Ultrathin sections of infected liver tissues revealed both intact and partially degraded F. necrophorum cells enclosed in phagocytic and digestive vacuoles of mononuclear cells. The results indicate that macrophages play a key role in the pathogenesis of liver abscesses.

Download Full-text

Histological morphology and pathological changes in liver of rats naturally infected with larval stage Cysticercus fasciolaris of Taeniae taeniaeformis

The Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.30539/iraqijvm.v40i2.107 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 26-30

Author(s):

Eman H. Al-Taee

Keyword(s):

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Plasma Cells ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Liver Parenchyma ◽

Pathological Changes ◽

Cysticercus Fasciolaris ◽

Hepatic Neoplasia ◽

Gross Lesions ◽

Rat Livers ◽

Multiple Cysts

The aim of this study is to describe the morphology of Cysticercus fasciolaris by using light microscopy, and the pathological changes in the liver of rats naturally infected. A total of 50 liver specimens of local rats (Wister rats) were collected for examination. The gross lesions showed the presence of single or multiple cysts. Microscopic findings revealed the presence of larvae within the cysts which represent the larvae Cysticercus fasciolaris of the adult parasite Taeniae taeniaeformis which inhabited the small intestine of the domestic cats surrounded by fibrous connective tissue infiltrated with inflammatory cells (mononuclear cells and plasma cells). These lesions cause pressure atrophy to the adjacent hepatic parenchyma. In advanced hepatic infection there is a tendency to undergo neoplastic changes (fibroma). Other pathological lesions seen in the liver parenchyma were necrosis, apoptosis with infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells in the portal area, in addition; to formation of early granulomas with congestion of blood vessels which contain neutrophiles in their lumina with extensive area of hemorrhages in liver parenchyma. In conclusion the C. fasciolaris infction induce hepatic neoplasia in rat livers (fibroma) in advance cases of heavy infection, which could be developed to fibrosarcoma in future.

Download Full-text

Corticosteroids prevent myofibroblast accumulation and airway remodeling in mice

AJP Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajplung.00252.2005 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 290 (1) ◽

pp. L162-L169 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Marina Miller ◽

Jae Youn Cho ◽

Kirsti McElwain ◽

Shauna McElwain ◽

Jung Yeon Shim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Transforming Growth Factor ◽

Airway Remodeling ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Muscle Layer ◽

Structural Features ◽

Smooth Muscle Layer ◽

Tgf Β1

At present there are conflicting results from studies investigating the role of corticosteroids in inhibiting airway remodeling in asthma. We have used a mouse model to determine whether administration of corticosteroids prevents the development of allergen-induced structural features of airway remodeling. Mice treated with corticosteroids were subjected to repetitive ovalbumin (OVA) challenge for 3 mo, at which time levels of peribronchial fibrosis and the thickness of the peribronchial smooth muscle layer were assessed by immunohistology, levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 by ELISA, and the number of α-smooth muscle actin+/Col-1+ peribronchial myofibroblasts by immunohistochemistry. Corticosteroids significantly reduced allergen-induced increases in peribronchial collagen deposition and levels of total lung collagen but did not reduce allergen-induced increases in the thickness of the peribronchial smooth muscle layer. Levels of lung TGF-β1 were significantly reduced in mice treated with systemic corticosteroids, and this was associated with a significant decrease in the number of peribronchial inflammatory cells that expressed TGF-β1, including eosinophils and mononuclear cells. Corticosteroids also significantly reduced the number of peribronchial myofibroblasts. Overall, these studies demonstrate that administration of corticosteroids significantly reduces levels of allergen-induced peribronchial fibrosis. The reduction in peribronchial fibrosis mediated by corticosteroids is likely to be due to several mechanisms including inhibition of expression of TGF-β1, a reduction in the number of peribronchial inflammatory cells expressing TGF-β1 (eosinophils, macrophages), as well as by corticosteroids reducing the accumulation of peribronchial myofibroblasts that contribute to collagen expression.

Download Full-text

Persistent processus vaginalis presenting as hydrocele and hernia

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20183513 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 1819

Author(s):

S. Prabakaran ◽

K. Kasthuri Thilagam

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Inguinal Hernia ◽

Histological Examination ◽

Smooth Muscles ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Paediatric Population ◽

Common Finding ◽

Processus Vaginalis ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Lymph Vessels

Background: Inguino-scrotal swelling is a common finding in the paediatric population, attributed to the persistent processus vaginalis. But the reason why some children present with hernia and some with hydrocele is not yet clear. Histological examination of the sac may be useful in understanding the reason for this differential presentation. Hence the current study was undertaken to assess the association between type of clinical presentation and histological findings in pediatric population.Methods: A prospective observational study was done on 51 children aged below 12 years presenting with inguinoscrotal swelling and subsequently diagnosed with either hernia or hydrocele and treated with surgical intervention. The samples were sent for histological examination and analysed for association with diagnosis.Results: There were 31 Inguinal hernia and 20 Hydrocele subjects. The predominant age group was 6 to 10 years. The number of children with hydrocele right and left, inguinal hernia right and left was 21 (41.2%), 10 (19.6%), 17 (33.3%) and 3(5.9%) respectively. All hydrocele subjects had mesothelial lining, smooth muscle but scanty lymph vessels and absent inflammatory cells. 95% of the Inguinal hernia subjects had low cuboidal lining, inflammatory cells, and lymph vessels.Conclusions: Paediatric inguinal hernias and hydroceles are due to incomplete or abnormal obliteration of the processus vaginalis. Mesothelial lining, Presence of smooth muscle, Scanty lymph vessels, absence of inflammatory cells are characteristic of Hydrocele Inguinal hernia is characterized by low cuboidal lining, absence of smooth muscles, presence of lymph vessels and inflammatory cells.

Download Full-text

Anti-inflammatory genes in PBMCs post-spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage

Translational Neuroscience ◽

10.1515/tnsci-2021-0003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 58-66

Author(s):

Doan Nguyen ◽

Vi Tran ◽

Alireza Shirazian ◽

Cruz Velasco-Gonzalez ◽

Ifeanyi Iwuchukwu

Keyword(s):

Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Favorable Outcome ◽

Hospital Length Of Stay ◽

Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽

Hematoma Volume ◽

Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Abstract Background Neuroinflammation is important in the pathophysiology of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and peripheral inflammatory cells play a role in the clinical evolution and outcome. Methodology Blood samples from ICH patients (n = 20) were collected at admission for 5 consecutive days for peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Frozen PBMCs were used for real-time PCR using Taqman probes (NFKB1, SOD1, PPARG, IL10, NFE2L2, and REL) and normalized to GAPDH. Data on hospital length of stay and modified Rankin score (MRS) were collected with 90-day MRS ≤ 3 as favorable outcome. Statistical analysis of clinical characteristics to temporal gene expression from early to delayed timepoints was compared for MRS groups (favorable vs unfavorable) and hematoma volume. Principle findings and results IL10, SOD1, and REL expression were significantly higher at delayed timepoints in PBMCs of ICH patients with favorable outcome. PPARG and REL increased between timepoints in patients with favorable outcome. NFKB1 expression was not sustained, but significantly decreased from higher levels at early onset in patients with unfavorable outcome. IL10 expression showed a negative correlation in patients with high hematoma volume (>30 mL). Conclusions and significance Anti-inflammatory, pro-survival regulators were highly expressed at delayed time points in ICH patients with a favorable outcome, and IL10 expression showed a negative correlation to high hematoma volume.

Download Full-text

Influence of layer separation on the determination of stomach smooth muscle properties

Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology ◽

10.1007/s00424-021-02568-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mischa Borsdorf ◽

Markus Böl ◽

Tobias Siebert

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Muscle Fibers ◽

Smooth Muscles ◽

Muscle Layer ◽

Uniaxial Tensile ◽

Muscle Properties ◽

Layer Separation ◽

Isotonic Contractions ◽

Longitudinal Layer

AbstractUniaxial tensile experiments are a standard method to determine the contractile properties of smooth muscles. Smooth muscle strips from organs of the urogenital and gastrointestinal tract contain multiple muscle layers with different muscle fiber orientations, which are frequently not separated for the experiments. During strip activation, these muscle fibers contract in deviant orientations from the force-measuring axis, affecting the biomechanical characteristics of the tissue strips. This study aimed to investigate the influence of muscle layer separation on the determination of smooth muscle properties. Smooth muscle strips, consisting of longitudinal and circumferential muscle layers (whole-muscle strips [WMS]), and smooth muscle strips, consisting of only the circumferential muscle layer (separated layer strips [SLS]), have been prepared from the fundus of the porcine stomach. Strips were mounted with muscle fibers of the circumferential layer inline with the force-measuring axis of the uniaxial testing setup. The force–length (FLR) and force–velocity relationships (FVR) were determined through a series of isometric and isotonic contractions, respectively. Muscle layer separation revealed no changes in the FLR. However, the SLS exhibited a higher maximal shortening velocity and a lower curvature factor than WMS. During WMS activation, the transversally oriented muscle fibers of the longitudinal layer shortened, resulting in a narrowing of this layer. Expecting volume constancy of muscle tissue, this narrowing leads to a lengthening of the longitudinal layer, which counteracted the shortening of the circumferential layer during isotonic contractions. Consequently, the shortening velocities of the WMS were decreased significantly. This effect was stronger at high shortening velocities.

Download Full-text

Evidence for the Origin of Plasma Cells from Adventitial Cells

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v29.1.41.41 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 41-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MOTOE HIRATA-HIBI

Keyword(s):

Plasma Cells ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Neutral Red ◽

Dorsal Skin ◽

Connective Tissues ◽

Chromatin Pattern ◽

Adventitial Cells ◽

Subcutaneous Connective Tissue ◽

Diffuse Distribution

Abstract Arthus reactions were induced in the dorsal skin, and the subcutaneous connective tissues from the sensitized areas were examined at various stages. The subcutaneous connective tissue was used due to its simplicity of construction and because it could be studied conveniently by both supravital and fixed methods. This combination of tissue and technic allowed both an accurate classification of various types of inflammatory cells and a close examination of their relationships to the blood vessels. Cells transitional between adventitial cells and plasma cells were observed after antigenic stimulation. Their location on the walls of the venules and capillaries indicated that they were adventitial cells but their morphology was that of plasma cells. By supravital technic they exhibited a glassy and homogeneous cytoplasm, a circular formation of neutral red granules, and a diffuse distribution of Janus green granules; and by fixed method they exhibited a chromatin pattern similar to that of plasma cells, an increased cytoplasmic basophilia, and a nucleolus was often present. Small plasma cells appeared simultaneously around the venules and capillaries. The local origin of plasma cells would appear to explain the absence of plasmacytosis during strong tissue plasma cell reactions. Immunofluorescence was only found in plasma cells and in transitional adventitial cells, indicating a functional similarity between the 2 cells.

Download Full-text

Morphometric analysis of collagen and inflammatory cells in periodontal disease

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp130627076g ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

pp. 219-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ranko Golijanin ◽

Bojan Kujundzic ◽

Zoran Milosavljevic ◽

Dragan Milovanovic ◽

Zlatibor Andjelkovic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Disease ◽

Morphometric Analysis ◽

Plasma Cells ◽

Relative Proportion ◽

Inflammatory Cells ◽

Test System ◽

Clinical Staging ◽

Gingival Tissue ◽

Tissue Destruction ◽

Immunochemical Method

Background/Aim. Periodontal disease affects gingival tissue and supporting apparatus of the teeth leading to its decay. The aim of this study was to highlight and precisely determine histological changes in the gum tissue. Methods. Gingival biopsy samples from 53 healthy and parodontopathy-affected patients were used. Clinical staging of the disease was performed. Tissue specimens were fixed and routinely processed. Sections, 5 ?m thin, were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, histochemical Van-Gieson for the collagen content, Spicer method for mast-cells and immunochemical method with anti-CD68 and anti-CD38 for the labelling of the macrophages and plasma-cells. Morphometric analysis was performed by a M42 test system. Results. While the disease advanced, collagen and fibroblast volume density decreased almost twice in the severe cases compared to the control ones, but a significant variation was observed within the investigated groups. The mast-cell number increased nearly two times, while the macrophage content was up to three times higher in severe parodontopathy than in healthy gingival tissue. However, the relative proportion of these cells stayed around 6% in all cases. Plasma-cells had the most prominent increase in the number (over 8 times) compared to the control, but again, a variation within investigated groups was very high. Conclusion. Gingival tissue destruction caused by inflammatory process leads to significant changes in collagen density and population of resident connective tissue cells. Although inflammatory cells dominated with the disease advancing, a high variation within the same investigated groups suggests fluctuation of the pathological process. This article has been corrected. Link to the correction <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/VSP1704391E">10.2298/VSP1704391E</a>

Download Full-text

Plasticity of KIR channels in human smooth muscle cells from internal thoracic artery

AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpheart.00559.2002 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 284 (6) ◽

pp. H2325-H2334 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Tom Karkanis ◽

Shaohua Li ◽

J. Geoffrey Pickering ◽

Stephen M. Sims

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Current Density ◽

Internal Thoracic Artery ◽

Smooth Muscles ◽

Vascular Smooth Muscles ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Regulation Of Proliferation ◽

Negative Membrane Potential ◽

Inwardly Rectifying ◽

Contractile Cells

Inwardly rectifying K+ (KIR) currents are present in some, but not all, vascular smooth muscles. We used patch-clamp methods to examine plasticity of this current by comparing contractile and proliferative phenotypes of a clonal human vascular smooth muscle cell line. Hyperpolarization of cells under voltage clamp elicited a large inward current that was selective for K+ and blocked by Ba2+. Current density was greater in proliferative compared with contractile cells (−4.5 ± 0.9 and −1.4 ± 0.3 pA/pF, respectively; P < 0.001). RT-PCR of mRNA from proliferative cells identified transcripts for Kir2.1 and Kir2.2 but not Kir2.3 potassium channels. Western blot analysis demonstrated greater expression of Kir2.1 protein in proliferative cells, consistent with the higher current density. Proliferative cells displayed a more negative membrane potential than contractile cells (−71 ± 2 and −35 ± 4 mV, respectively; P < 0.001). Ba2+ depolarized all cells, whereas small increases in extracellular K+ concentration elicited hyperpolarization only in contractile cells. Ba2+ inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation, indicating a possible role for KIR channels in the regulation of proliferation. The phenotype-dependent plasticity of KIR channels may have relevance to vascular remodeling.

Download Full-text

Aging-associated changes in microRNA expression profile of internal anal sphincter smooth muscle: Role of microRNA-133a

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00290.2016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 311 (5) ◽

pp. G964-G973 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Jagmohan Singh ◽

Ettickan Boopathi ◽

Sankar Addya ◽

Benjamin Phillips ◽

Isidore Rigoutsos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Anal Sphincter ◽

Internal Anal Sphincter ◽

Smooth Muscles ◽

Smooth Muscle Contractility ◽

Network Analyses ◽

Rhoa Signaling

A comprehensive genomic and proteomic, computational, and physiological approach was employed to examine the (previously unexplored) role of microRNAs (miRNAs) as regulators of internal anal sphincter (IAS) smooth muscle contractile phenotype and basal tone. miRNA profiling, genome-wide expression, validation, and network analyses were employed to assess changes in mRNA and miRNA expression in IAS smooth muscles from young vs. aging rats. Multiple miRNAs, including rno-miR-1, rno-miR-340-5p, rno-miR-185, rno-miR-199a-3p, rno-miR-200c, rno-miR-200b, rno-miR-31, rno-miR-133a, and rno-miR-206, were found to be upregulated in aging IAS. qPCR confirmed the upregulated expression of these miRNAs and downregulation of multiple, predicted targets ( Eln, Col3a1, Col1a1, Zeb2, Myocd, Srf, Smad1, Smad2, Rhoa/Rock2, Fn1, Tagln v2, Klf4, and Acta2) involved in regulation of smooth muscle contractility. Subsequent studies demonstrated an aging-associated increase in the expression of miR-133a, corresponding decreases in RhoA, ROCK2, MYOCD, SRF, and SM22α protein expression, RhoA-signaling, and a decrease in basal and agonist [U-46619 (thromboxane A2analog)]-induced increase in the IAS tone. Moreover, in vitro transfection of miR-133a caused a dose-dependent increase of IAS tone in strips, which was reversed by anti-miR-133a. Last, in vivo perianal injection of anti-miR-133a reversed the loss of IAS tone associated with age. This work establishes the important regulatory effect of miRNA-133a on basal and agonist-stimulated IAS tone. Moreover, reversal of age-associated loss of tone via anti-miR delivery strongly implicates miR dysregulation as a causal factor in the aging-associated decrease in IAS tone and suggests that miR-133a is a feasible therapeutic target in aging-associated rectoanal incontinence.

Download Full-text