scholarly journals Correlation between metabolic controls and changes in retina in patients having diabetes

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirjana Janicijevic-Petrovic ◽  
Biljana Veljkovic ◽  
Katarina Janicijevic ◽  
Tatjana Sarenac-Vulovic
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Statistical Correlation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Duration Of Disease ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Experimental Group

Introduction. Diabetes mellitus is as old as the human race. Retinopathy, being one of complications of diabetes mellitus, is the most common cause of blindness. This study was aimed at analyzing the correlation between retinopathy and duration of disease, metabolic control, and obesity. Material and Methods. The study sample consisted of 135 patients divided into the experimental group of 90 patients with retinopathy and the control group of 45 patients without retinopathy. The patients were examined according to standard protocols: anamneses, endocrinology, ophthalmology exams, biochemical analyses, and anthropometric measurements. Results. The average age of patients was 60.13 ? 9.29 in the experimental group, while it was 57.55 ? 4.85 in the control group. The average duration of disease was 11.71 ? 5.8 and 14.40 ? 7.68 in the control group experimental group, respectively. The following statistically essential differences between the control and experimental group were found: in duration of disease (11.71 ? 5.85; 14.40 ? 7.68; r = 0.000), in glycemia (7.02 ? 2.20; 8.34 ? 3.18; p = 0.000), in glycosylated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) (7.16 ? 1.37; 8.22 ? 2.05; r = 0.000), in triglycerides (1.92 ? 0.72; 2.63 ? 1.60; r = 0.001), and in body mass index (23.94 ? 2.65; 27.66 ? 15.13; r = 0.000). Conclusion. There is a positive correlation between duration of disease, glycosylated hemoglobin A1C, triglycerides, body mass index - obesity and retinopathy. A significant statistical correlation among those parameters has been found in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Effects of Diabetes Mellitus, Hypercholesterolemia and Hypertension on Bell’s Palsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2357
Author(s):  
George Psillas ◽  
Grigorios G. Dimas ◽  
Anastasia Sarafidou ◽  
Triantafyllos Didangelos ◽  
Vasilios Perifanis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Antiviral Agent ◽  
Bell’S Palsy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bell's Palsy ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia on the clinical presentation and outcome of Bell’s palsy. The study (comorbidity) group consisted of 50 patients with Bell’s palsy associated with diabetes, hypertension, or hypercholesterolemia; the control group included 46 patients with Bell’s palsy, but without comorbid diseases. The House–Brackmann grading system (I to VI) was used in order to assess the initial and final facial functions. Both groups of patients were treated with steroids and the antiviral agent acyclovir. The mean severity of initial facial paralysis was more significant in diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension, in comparison to the control group. Patients suffering from Bell’s palsy and concomitant comorbidities have a poorer prognosis (HB III-VI) compared to patients without comorbidities. Increased glycosylated hemoglobin A1c levels (>6.7%) were significantly correlated with unsatisfactory facial recovery. The pathogenetic mechanisms by which diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertension affect the vasa nervosum of facial nerve have been described.

scholarly journals Effects of a steps/day programme with evaluation in physical education on body mass index in schoolchildren 11-12 years of age

Kinesiology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Grao-Cruces ◽  
Rafael Ruiz-López ◽  
José-Enrique Moral-García ◽  
Alberto Ruiz-Ariza ◽  
Emilio J. Martínez-López
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Physical Education ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of the study was to assess the effects that a steps/day programme may have on body mass index (BMI) among primary education students (11.37±0.48 years). A six-week controlled trial with a follow-up was completed with an experimental group (N=66, pedometer + steps/day programme + reinforcement programme in their physical education (PE) marks + weekly follow-up in PE), and a control group (N=76). Omron HJ-152-E2 pedometers were used. Normoweight students complied with programme requirements to a greater extent than their overweight counterparts (72.7 vs 59.1%). The programmed minimum number of 12,000 steps/day for boys and 10,000 for girls was exceeded by 83% of boys and 60% of girls. The differences in the number of steps/day between boys (14,274) and girls (10,626) were significant across all the measured periods (p<.05). The results show that the teenagers who complied with the programme requirements reduced their BMI significantly after the intervention (p<.001) and this reduction persisted for six weeks after the programme (p<.001). In conclusion, the six-week programme of 12,000 steps/day for boys and 10,000 for girls, jointly with a reinforcement programme in their PE marks and weekly follow-up by their PE teacher, reduces BMI significantly in 11-12-year-old schoolchildren. Monitored steps/day programmes in the PE curriculum increase out-of-school physical activity and reduce BMI in 11-12-year-old schoolchildren.

scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus And Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
Shiva Raj KC
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Global Health Problem

Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem in 21st century. The incidence of diabetes mellitus is in rise and is estimated to be more prevalent in coming years. It is becoming one of the most common non-infectious and non-neoplastic causes of morbidity and mortality. Various complications are associated with diabetes mellitus. With control of blood glucose level, complications of diabetes mellitus can be minimized. In different time frame, different parameters and level have been used to diagnose diabetes. Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c is one of the reliable indicator of chronic hyperglycemia. In 2011, World Health Organization has included HbA1c in the diagnostic criteria. Various methods are used to detect the level of HbA1c.  Glycosylated hemoglobin is being used in the management of diabetes mellitus. Various studies have shown its prognostic implication in micro and macrovascular complications. Here we discuss various methods of estimation of HbA1c, various role of HbA1c in the management of Diabetes Mellitus and limitation of the test.  

scholarly journals The Effects of Cardiovascular Exercises on Body Mass Index and Vital Capacity among Students of Sargodha University

2020 ◽  
Vol V (III) ◽  
pp. 358-364
Author(s):  
Yassar Iqbal ◽  
Zubia Savila ◽  
Muhammad Badar Habib
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
University Students ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Cardiovascular Exercise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Experimental Group

This research was designed to evaluate the effect of cardiovascular exercises on body mass index (BMI) and vital capacity (VC) among student aged between 21-27 years (M � SD 22.3� 3.05). The experimental research study was applied to 54 University students of Sargodha. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 24.0. P-value ? 0.05 was considered significant. The result showed that the average BMI of the control group and experimental groups was 20.73�3.02 vs 21.51�3.21. The effectiveness of cardiovascular exercise on Vital capacity on Pre and post-test of the experimental group was -56.91272 � 22.03192 with a pvalue of 0.000, which was showed there was a highly significant improvement in vital capacity of students and compare with the control group. It was concluded that body masses index and vital capacity is significantly improved in university students of the experimental group as a result of 10 weeks of the cardiovascular exercise training program. Conclude that there is a significant difference between the effects of cardiovascular exercise and daily routine sports activities on BMI.

The Relationship between Smoking and Hemoglobin A1c in Adults without Diabetes Mellitus according to Body Mass Index

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-345
Author(s):  
Sang-Mo Jung ◽  
Eun-Ki Kim ◽  
Ho-Hyun Lee ◽  
Kyung-Moon Jung ◽  
Joo-Wha Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals The Influence of Maternal Obesity on Pregnancy Complications and Neonatal Outcomes in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (04) ◽  
pp. 400-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burcu Timur ◽  
Hakan Timur ◽  
Aytekin Tokmak ◽  
Hatice Isik ◽  
Elif Eyi
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Diabetic Group ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Gestational Weight

Abstract Introduction This study aimed to investigate the influence of obesity on pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes in diabetic and nondiabetic women. Materials and Methods This retrospective case control study was conducted on 1193 pregnant women and their neonates at a tertiary level maternity hospital between March 2007 and 2011. The pregnant women were classified into 2 groups according to the presence of diabetes mellitus. Six hundred and seven patients with gestational diabetes or pregestational diabetes formed the diabetic group (study group) and 586 patients were in the nondiabetic group (control group). Demographic characteristics, body mass index, gestational weight gain, obstetric history, smoking status, type of delivery, gestational ages, pregnancy complications, neonatal outcomes were recorded for each patient. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effect of obesity and diabetes on the pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes. Results The mean age and pre-pregnancy body mass indices of women with diabetes mellitus were significantly higher than the control groupʼs (p < 0.001). Gestational weight gain and number of smokers were similar among the groups. Multiparity and obesity were more prevalent in the diabetic group compared to controls (both p < 0.001). Although gestational age at birth was earlier in the diabetic group, birth weights were higher in this group than in the control group (both p < 0.001). Cesarean delivery rates, the incidence of macrosomia, and neonatal intensive care unit admission rates were significantly higher in the diabetes group both with normal and increased body mass index (all p < 0.001). However, adverse pregnancy outcomes were comparable between the groups (p = 0.279). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that obesity is a significant risk factor for pregnancy complications (OR = 1.772 [95% CI, 1.283 – 2.449], p = 0.001) but not for adverse neonatal outcomes (OR = 1.068 [95% CI, 0.683 – 1.669], p = 0.773). Conclusion While obesity increases risk of developing a pregnancy complication, diabetes worsens neonatal outcomes.

scholarly journals The influence of educational nursing intervention on the eating habits and anthropometric values of people who have undergone coronary surgery

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Dora R.M. Ledo ◽  
Paulo A.C. Ferreira ◽  
Armando M.M. Silva
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Coronary Surgery ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Experimental Group

Objective: Educational nursing intervention is a strategy that can be useful for changing behaviours in a person’s health. Hospitalisation for coronary surgery is a valuable opportunity for the nurse to implement the knowledge which aims to promote healthy behaviours and secondarily, prevent coronary and cardiovascular disease, as these continue to be the main causes of death worldwide. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of educational nursing intervention in the promotion of a healthy diet and in the anthropometric values (body mass index and waist perimeter) of people who have undergone coronary surgery.Methods: A quantitative and quasi-experimental study was conducted on a control group (20 participants in each group). The experimental group was submitted to a personalised structured educational intervention during hospitalisation, in the nursing follow-up visit (two to three weeks after surgery) and over the phone (two months after surgery). Each group went through two evaluations: the first before the surgery, and the second three months after the surgery. The instruments used to collect data included: the sociodemographic and clinical characterisation questionnaire and the Eating Habits Scale. Non-parametric tests were used.Results: The findings showed that 77.5% of the participants were male and 22.5% female. The participants’ average age was 67.35 ± 8.151. Results showed a significant improvement in the eating habits of both groups, with higher relevance in the experimental group and a reduction of the body mass index and waist perimeter exclusively in the experimental group.Conclusions: Regarding people who have undergone coronary surgery, personalised structured educational nursing intervention is a useful tool in obtaining health benefits and in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. More extensive and comprehensive studies are recommended to verify the results and enhance their success.

scholarly journals DO DAILY STEP COUNTS DURING THE PANDEMIC AFFECT THE BODY COMPOSITION AND MENTAL WELL-BEING OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS?

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazlı Yanar ◽  
Melek Güler
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Waist Hip Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Mental Well Being ◽  
Experimental Group

This study aims to determine whether the number of daily steps is effective in the body composition and mental well-being of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research group of the study consisted of 40 volunteer students studying at the Faculty of Sport Sciences by being randomly assigned to the experimental (n:20) and control (n:20) groups. The research is in the experimental model with a pre-test/post-test control group. As a data collection tool in the study, the 'Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale' was used to determine the personal information form and mental well-being. The obtained data were analysed in the Jamovi 1.8.2 statistical software program with a 95% reliability interval and 5% margin of error. In the analysis of the data, percentage (%), frequency (f), and mean (x̄) values were used in the descriptive data, Paired Samples t-test was used in the pre-test/post-test comparison, and Multinomial Regression analysis was used in the relational analysis. According to the findings of the study, 75% of the students in the experimental group and 70% of the students in the control group were in the normal weight class according to the body mass index classification. According to waist-hip ratio classification, 85% of the experimental group and 70% of the control group were in the group that did not have cardiovascular disease risk. After two months of application, the daily average number of steps of the experimental group (12.5751898.1) and the daily average number of steps of the control group were determined as (5381.272026.2). While there was a statistically significant difference in the pre-test/post-test body mass index averages of the experimental group who were asked to take at least 10,000 steps per day (p0.05), although there was an increase in the mean waist-hip ratio and mental well-being, there was no statistically significant difference (p0.05). It was determined that the step average had a statistically significant effect on the experimental group according to the body mass index classification (p0.05). As a result, while taking at least 10,000 steps per day was effective in the body mass index of the students, it was not so in the waist-hip ratio and mental well-being. In this context, physical activity, and especially walking, can be recommended at the point of protecting health. <p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0881/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

scholarly journals Changes of Blink Reflex in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Li Xiao ◽  
Kang Zou ◽  
Duoyan Zhou ◽  
Guilan Ouyang ◽  
Shuixiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Cranial Nerves ◽  
Blink Reflex

Blink reflex provides an objective assessment of the cranial and central nervous systems. However, the relationships between body mass index, dizziness, and BR have not been explored in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Moreover, R2 duration, one of the parameters of the blink reflex, has not been studied to date. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of blink reflex in patients with T2DM. We included 45 healthy subjects and 105 hospitalized patients with T2DM. The relationships between these parameters and sex, age, body mass index, duration of T2DM, hemoglobin A1c, distal symmetrical polyneuropathy (DSPN), and dizziness symptoms were analyzed. The results showed that blink reflex latencies (including R1, ipsilateral R2, and contralateral R2 latency) were negatively associated with body mass index but were positively correlated with the duration of T2DM. There were no correlations between blink reflex parameters and sex, age, and hemoglobin A1c. Patients with DSPN had longer blink reflex latencies and shorter R2 durations than those without DSPN. Patients with dizziness had longer latencies (including R1, ipsilateral R2, and contralateral R2 latencies) and shorter R2 durations (including ipsilateral R2 and contralateral R2 durations) than those without dizziness. R2 duration was also a predictive factor for blink reflex abnormality. R2 latency was the most sensitive factor and the optimal predictor of dizziness. These results demonstrate that patients with T2DM with low body mass index, longer duration of T2DM, DSPN, and dizziness-related symptoms had more abnormal blink reflex parameters, indicating more serious injuries to the cranial nerves or the central nervous system.

Effect of a group medical clinic for veterans with diabetes on body mass index

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-196
Author(s):  
Adva Eisenberg ◽  
Matthew J Crowley ◽  
Cynthia Coffman ◽  
David Edelman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Hemoglobin A1c ◽  
Medical Clinic ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Objective To assess the impact of a group medical clinic designed for patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus and hypertension on body mass index. Methods Using data from a randomized trial of 239 veterans with type 2 diabetes mellitus, we performed a secondary analysis using analysis of covariance mixed models to explore the effect of a 12-month group medical clinic intervention on change in body mass index vs. usual care. In an exploratory subgroup analysis, we compared change in body mass index between treatment arms stratified by whether patients had >0.5% reduction in hemoglobin A1c at 12 months. Results Baseline body mass index was 33.5 kg/m2. At 12 months, there was no significant difference in change in body mass index between treatment arms (estimate=−0.02, 95% CI −0.51 to 5.05; P = 0.94); body mass index increased by approximately 0.20 points in both groups. There was also no significant difference in change in body mass index between treatment arms by whether or not patients had >0.5% reduction in hemoglobin A1c (estimate=−0.14, 95% CI −1.21 to −0.92; P = 0.79). Discussion Improved glycemic control was not associated with improved body mass index in the group medical clinic intervention. Given their positive effects on other outcomes, group medical clinics for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus may be more beneficial if focus is shifted towards weight loss.

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