scholarly journals Radionuclide content in laundry detergents commercially available on the Serbian market and assessment of radiological environmental hazards

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Vukanac ◽  
Aleksandar Kandic ◽  
Mirjana Djurasevic ◽  
Bojan Seslak ◽  
Igor Celikovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Spectrometry ◽  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Paper Analysis ◽  
Phosphate Content ◽  
Radiological Risk ◽  
Laundry Detergents ◽  
International Recommendation ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Radionuclide Content ◽  
Radiological Aspect

Laundry detergents are chemicals widely used in everyday life, and in numerous industry branches. In order to perceive the radiological aspect of environmental pollution by wastewater, the analysis of laundry detergents available on the Serbian market was undertaken. Laundry detergent samples were measured by means of gamma spectrometry and the results are presented in this paper. Analysis of the obtained activity concentrations showed that laundry detergents in Serbia mostly fulfill the international recommendation and requirements regarding the phosphate content. Besides that, the content of the detected radionuclides in laundry detergent samples indicates the minor radiological risk to the environment via wastewaters.

An Overview of the Use of XRD as a Tool in the Total Analysis of Powdered Household Laundry Detergents

1989 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 485-492
Author(s):  
Margaret M. King ◽  
Evelyn M. Sabino
Keyword(s):  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Product Lines ◽  
Laundry Detergents ◽  
Total Analysis ◽  
Laundry Products ◽  
Detergent Builders ◽  
Competitive Product

Manufacturers of household laundry products and laundry detergent builders want to know the exact formularies used in prospective customers' and competitive product lines. No convenient source exists for this information because published formularies are numerous and differ widely, (See Table 1.)

scholarly journals Enhancing Patient Compliance for Usage of Laundry Detergents Free of Dyes and Perfumes: Potential Impact of Better Cleaning Performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary B Johnson ◽  
Elaine Cella ◽  
Amanda Pessler ◽  
Dan B Dillard ◽  
Andy Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Patient Compliance ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Sensitive Skin ◽  
Laundry Detergents ◽  
Cleaning Performance ◽  
The Us ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Reported Data

Sensitive skin, an often self-reported condition, is characterized by an unpleasant sensory experience to a variety of consumer products. Certain ingredients in consumer products, such fragrances and dyes, are believed to exacerbate skin sensitivities. Due to an increased prevalence of people reporting sensitive skin, a variety of consumer products are formulated for people with this condition. A segment of commercially marketed laundry detergents, commonly known as free detergents, have been formulated without dyes and perfumes to accommodate skin sensitivities. In the US and Canada respectively, 80% and 97% of dermatologist recommend the use of free detergents for their patients with sensitive skin. However, consumers have expressed dissatisfaction with free detergents, with 39% reporting they are not satisfied with their free detergent’s cleaning performance. When people switch from the leading free laundry detergent, they will switch to a non-free detergent 60% of the time, going against dermatologist recommendations and potentially further aggravating their skin sensitivities. Recently, a survey of US households with sensitive skin showed that 98.8% said that they would be more likely to consistently use a detergent that cleans better. Herein are reported data showing Tide Pods Free & Gentle outperformed other free detergents in cleaning across a wide variety of laundry stains and in SEM visual analysis of soil residues on fibers.  It is postulated that the better cleaning detergent may help drive patient compliance with dermatologist recommendations for usage of a free detergent for their patients with sensitive skin.

scholarly journals The Role of Laundry Detergents in the Elements of Skin Pathogen

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdong Wei ◽  
Markus Reinholz ◽  
Lars E. French ◽  
Benjamin M. Clanner-Engelshofen
Keyword(s):  
Propidium Iodide ◽  
Laundry Detergent ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Antimicrobial Efficacy ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Laundry Detergents ◽  
Propidium Iodide Staining ◽  
Bleach Activator ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Skin Pathogen

Abstract Background: The Corona pandemic fuelled up skin pathogen challenges in young and adults, the antimicrobial efficacy of laundry detergents could be considered particularly. However, no available data focusing on the form of laundry detergent, additives and conditions affect the antimicrobial efficacy. This study simulated washing procedures to investigate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of laundry detergents.Methods and Results: Mimic laundry procedures were performed to treat Gram-positive bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungus, colony counting and propidium iodide staining were used to assess the antimicrobial activity. Powder detergent A, NaBO3*4H2O with the tetraacetylethylenediamine, 2Na2co3.3H2O with tetraacetylethylenediamine could achieve a > 5-log10 reduction of three microbial colony generation. Anionic surfactant sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate (SDBS) group had the strongest fluorescence intensity in three microbial propidium iodide staining.Conclusions: Powder form laundry detergents are superior to liquid form, peroxide-based bleaches and bleach activator in solid form, the solid surfactants with matched PH and alkyl chain length showed a considerable antimicrobial effect.

scholarly journals Natural and artificial nuclides in Salesópolis reservoir

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Sergio Cardoso Silva ◽  
Renato Semmler ◽  
Guilherme Soares Zahn ◽  
Flávio Roberto Rocha ◽  
Sandra Rerina Damatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Spectrometry ◽  
Counting Rate ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Nuclear Tests ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Thorium Series

Natural radioactivity is ubiquitous in the environment mainly due to the presence of the nuclides from the uranium and thorium series and 40K. Although in the South Hemisphere nuclear tests have been fewer in number than that in the North, artificial radionuclides can also be found spread at ground level. In this study, the activity concentrations of natural nuclides from the uranium and thorium series, 40K and the artificial 137Cs were determined in a sediment core with 42 cm depth collected in the middle of the Salesópolis reservoir, located in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo city (SPMR). The Usina Parque Rio Tietê reservoir belongs to the Alto do Tietê system for the capture, storage and treatment of water for SPMR. Therefore, the quality of the water and sediments of this dam is of great importance. The activity concentrations were measured by gamma spectrometry. Samples were measured and saved at regular intervals at a maximum of 160 000 seconds. The gross area were determined for each peak and plotted against time and the counting rate was obtained by the slope of the curve. Background and reference materials were also counted and treated in the same way. Results showed that 226Ra varied from 45 to 116 Bq kg-1; 228Ra, from 80 to 165 Bq kg-1; 40K, from 155 to 1 187 Bq kg-1 and 137Cs varied from 0.3 to 7 Bq kg-1. The methodology applied for determining low levels of 137Cs in sediment proved to be efficient and reproducible.

scholarly journals Heavy metals and radionuclides concentrations in mosses from the region of Northern Greece

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Ch. Betsou ◽  
M. Frontasyeva ◽  
E. Tsakiri ◽  
J. Hansman ◽  
N. Kazakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Gamma Spectrometry ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Wet And Dry Deposition ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Moss Survey ◽  
European Moss Survey

Mosses can be used as biomonitors for investigating the atmospheric deposition of radionuclides and heavy metals. They receive most of their nutrients directly from wet and dry deposition. During the 2015/2016 European moss survey, ninety-five samples of Hypnum cupressiformeHedw. were collected in Northern Greece. They were analyzed to the content of heavy metals using INAA. The concentrations of 137Cs,40K, 7Be and 210Pb radionuclides were determined using gamma spectrometry. Differences have been observed in the activity concentrations between mosses collected from ground surface, rocks, branches and near roots. Finally, a high sampling density was achieved, providing information for the elemental and radionuclides deposition from the atmosphere to terrestrial systems over the region of Northern Greece.

scholarly journals Identification of TENORM in Zirconium Oxychloride with Gamma Spectrometry

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Kharistya Rozana ◽  
Devi Swasti Prabasiwi ◽  
Dewi Puspa Ariany
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Gamma Spectrometry ◽  
Hpge Detector ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Zirconium Oxychloride ◽  
Environmental Radioactivity ◽  
Gamma Spectrometer ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Measured Activity ◽  
Job Safety

Abstract: Gamma spectrometer used to determine the type and activity of gamma emitting radionuclides, such as the measurement of TENORM (Th-232, U-238, Ra-26 dan K-40) in the zirconium oxychloride or environmental radioactivity.  This research was carried out to know each the TENORM on the zirconium oxychloride (ZrOCl2.8H2O) which accommodation of environment data the radioactivity in draft job safety about the workers.  Zirconium oxychloride is a result of chloride acid leaching process from sodium zirconate, containing uranium and thorium, so that it has the potential for contamination and increase the radiation exposure.  The instrument used for counting by HPGe detector and the spectrum were analyzed further using software Genie 2000.  Mean measured activity concentrations (radioactivity) of U-238, Th-232, Ra-226 and K-40 respectively were 13,43±0,876 Bq/kg, 12,040±1,483 Bq/kg, 11,400±0,582 Bq/kg dan 32,940±3,270 Bq/kg.

Applying in-Situ and Laboratory-based Gamma Spectrometry to Determine Activity Concentration and Distribution of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th in Abeokuta, Southwest Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-331
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Spectrometry ◽  
Activity Concentration ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Primordial Radionuclides ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Nuclear Security ◽  
Southwest Nigeria ◽  
Average Activity ◽  
The City

Abstract: The applications of radionuclides are potential sources of health risk and also a concern in the area of nuclear security. It is therefore imperative to determine the presence of the different radionuclides present in the environment at all times, because it is necessary to control and assess the risk level in the environment. The present study compares activity concentrations of the primordial radionuclides 40K, 226Ra and 232Th obtained from laboratory gamma spectrometry measurements with the activity concentrations of the radionuclides as obtained from in-situ measurements. Soil samples were randomly collected from nineteen different points within Abeokuta city ensuring good coverage of the city area. A mobile gamma spectrometry system was used to collect gamma spectra measurements in the field. The obtained values are presented. The ranges of activity concentrations for 40K, 226Ra and 232Th have been found to be 113 – 1975, 5 – 128 and 181 – 3284 Bqkg-1, respectively for laboratory gamma spectrometry and 104 – 1312, 31 – 121 and 104 – 2578 Bqkg-1, respectively for in-situ gamma spectrometry measurements. This study showed that the average activity concentrations of the primordial radionuclides in Abeokuta were much higher than worldwide averages of 400, 35 and 30 Bqkg-1 for 40K, 226Ra and 232Th, respectively. From both methods, 232Th is seen to be the major contributor to the environmental radioactivity of Abeokuta. Good correlations also were deduced between the activity concentration results obtained from laboratory and in-situ gamma spectrometry, which therefore implies a significant relationship between the two methods used in the study. Keywords: In-situ gamma, Gamma spectrometry, Activity concentration, Radionuclides.

RADIOACTIVITY ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES AND 137CS IN COMMONLY CONSUMED FOODS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milena Živković ◽  
◽  
Dragoslav Nikezić ◽  
Tatjana Miladinović ◽  
Jelena Stajić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Spectrometry ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Artificial Radioactivity ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Natural And Artificial Radioactivity

The goal of this research is to determine the levels of natural and artificial radioactivity in 13 different samples of commonly consumed foods from Serbian markets. A gamma spectrometry was used to measure the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs. The annual whole-body doses from 137Cs and natural radionuclides, due to the consumption of tea for an adult, are in the range of 2.3– 8.5 nSv for 137Cs, 14.1 – 21.7 nSv for 232Ra, 18.4 – 73.6 nSv for 232Th and for 40K 10.4 – 22.9 nSv. These doses are not harmful to the general public’s health.

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