scholarly journals Fifteen years of occupational exposure monitoring in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-405
Author(s):  
Begzada Basic ◽  
Adnan Beganovic ◽  
Maja Gazdic-Santic ◽  
Amra Skopljak-Beganovic ◽  
Davorin Samek

The personal dosimetry in Bosnia and Herzegovina started in 1960. After a brief interruption in 1990s, the dosimetry service resumed in 1999. Until 2013, the Radiation Protection Centre of the Institute of Public Health of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina has been the only institution in the country that could provide this service. In 2013, this Center covered more than 70 % (1,485) of all radiation workers in the country. They mostly worked in medical institutions (1,417 or 95.4 %), while others are exposed to radiation sources in industry and veterinary radiology. From 1999 to 2013, the majority of annual doses were less than 1 mSv (96.2 %). There are no registered cases of exceeding the annual dose limit (20 mSv). The results analysis shows the reduction of individual doses in last five years. Newly adopted practices in medicine, such as the positron emission tomography, could cause the increase of doses in the years to come.

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Marija Suric-Mihic ◽  
Robert Bernat ◽  
Jerko Sisko ◽  
Maja Vojnic-Kortmis ◽  
Luka Pavelic ◽  
...  

Individual hand monitoring for workers who manipulate unsealed radioactive sources in nuclear medicine is a necessity and the results can serve as the base for optimization processes. We performed an analysis of individual hand doses for medical staff preparing and applying radiopharmaceuticals (99mTc, 123I, 201Tl, 131I, or 125I) in three Croatian clinical hospitals, for a period of one year since extremity monitoring became legally mandatory in Croatia. The majority of annual hand doses for workers were below or slightly above 150 mSv per year with only a few workers exceeding the annual dose limit of 500 mSv. The analysis confirmed that the radiation protection expert's role in an individual monitoring programme and personal dosimetry is crucial in order to achieve the optimal radiation protection of workers.


2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
Misbah Ahmad ◽  
Iftkhar Ahmad ◽  
Aakif Ullah Khan ◽  
Amin Ali Khan ◽  
Kamran Ali Shah ◽  
...  

AbstractThe imperative use of ionizing radiation in medicine causes the inevitable occupational exposure of the medical workers during the course of routine duties. The magnitude of health risk due to such radiation exposures has been described in terms of occupational radiation doses. In this context, it is obligatory to monitor, measure and document the radiation dose of occupationally exposed medical workers. This study aims to review the whole-body occupational radiation exposures of medical workers in Pakistan. Specifically, online literature published during 2000-2018 was reviewed for the occupational radiation exposures of Pakistani medical workers. Analysis of the extracted personal dosimetry data revealed that the total number of monitored medical occupational workers was 26046. The range of total cumulative and annual average effective doses was 94-15785 Person-mSv and 0.66-7.37 mSv, respectively. A significant number of the workers (25477; ~98%) received an annual dose below 5 mSv, while only 18 workers received an occupational exposure exceeding the annual dose limit of 20 mSv. It is expected that this study will provide a useful reference for evaluating and improving radiation protection and safety policies in the country.


2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-90
Author(s):  
Marko Ninkovic ◽  
Ruzica Glisic

A critical look at UNEP Reports concerning depleted uranium on Yugoslav territory is presented in this paper. The subjects of the analysis are summarized as remarks high-lighting the following three points: (a) those concerning the use of terms significant and insignificant doses (risks), (b) those concerning the use of 1 mSv as a border between these two risk types and (c) those concerning the composition of ex pert UNEP Teams investigating the depleted uranium issue. To start with, the assumption that it should be possible to express the risks (con sequences) caused by the in take of depleted uranium ( by ingestion/ inhalation and/ or external exposure) to b and g rays from depleted uranium as insignificant or significant for comparison purposes is, in our view, in collision with the linear non thresh old hypothesis, still valid in the radiation protection field. Secondly, the limit of 1 mSv per year as a reference dose level between insignificant and significant risks (con sequences) is not accept able in the case of military depleted uranium contamination. This is because the reference level of 1 mSv, according to the ICRP Recommendation, can be used in the optimization of radiation protection as an additional annual dose limit for members of the public solely for useful practices. Military usage of depleted uranium can not be classified as being useful for both sides - the culprit and the victim alike. Our third objection concerns the composition of ex pert UNEP teams for Kosovo (Desk Assessment Group, Scientific Reviewer Group, and UNEP Scientific Mission) as not being representative enough, bearing in mind all UN member-countries. This last objection may be rather difficult to understand for any one viewing it from the perspective other than that of the victims.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Amel Kosovac ◽  
Ermin Muharemović ◽  
Alem Čolaković ◽  
Mirza Lakaca ◽  
Edvin Šimić

New technologies primarily affect the lives of all people, their habits, needs, desires, but also significantly affect the demands placed on various business sectors. Discussions on the increasingly rapid development of technical-technological solutions that can be applied in the postal sector and logistics have a long history. New technologies in all areas bring a constant change in the relationship between companies and their customers, which significantly affect the quality of work and activities. In the years to come, it will be an increasing challenge for postal operators around the world, as well as for other companies, to achieve substantive communication and understanding of their customers through the application of innovative technologies. Understanding and learning about customer issues is key to offering them services that, with their precise targeting of stakeholders, quality, visibility, efficiency, and, perhaps most importantly, flexibility, will be able to meet needs that change so quickly over time. This will be possible with new technologies and innovative solutions. The paper presents a market research on the potential use of autonomous vehicles and drones in the postal sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research is based on a survey questionnaire on the use of drones and autonomous vehicles in the postal sector in the segment of shipment delivery.


2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-46
Author(s):  
Martua Damanik ◽  
◽  
Josepa ND Simanjuntak ◽  
Elvita Rahmi Daulay

Cathlab radiation workers, when performing interventional procedures, are at high risk of the effects of radiation exposure. The risk of radiation exposure is deterministic and stochastic biological effects. Therefore, radiation exposure studies of radiation workers at the cath lab were conducted to determine the value of radiation exposure received. This radiation exposure study was conducted by measuring and recording radiation exposure doses received by radiation workers. Measurements are made when the radiation officer performs the intervention procedure. The research was carried out for one month in the cath lab room of the Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan. The modalities used are GE Medical System Interventional Fluoroscopy and Phillips Allura Xper FD20. The dosimeter used is “my dose mini”, which is placed inside a shield or apron worn by radiation workers. The size of the apron shield used is 0.50 mm Pb at the front and 0.25 mm Pb at the rear. Radiation officers whose radiation exposure dose was measured consisted of 10 doctors, 11 nurses, and one radiographer. Each inspection procedure of each radiation worker has a different distance, time, and shield from the radiation source. The measurement of radiation exposure dose is (1-59 μSv) for doctors, (1-58 μSv) for nurses, and 1 μSv for radiographers. To protect against radiation must pay attention to the factors of time, distance, and shielding. Ways that can do are to avoid being close to radiation sources for too long, keep a space at a safe level from radiation, and use shields such as Pb-coated aprons, use Pb gloves, Pb goggles, and thyroid protectors. The amount of radiation exposure dose received by each radiation worker at the time of measurement is still within the tolerance limit. The Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN) regulation, which the International Commission recommends on Radiological Protection (ICRP), is 20 mSv/year. The results of this study are expected to be used as input for improving the quality of service for monitoring radiation exposure doses in the Cathlab and as reference material for further research.


2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 359-362
Author(s):  
Mudassir H Yarima ◽  
M U Khandaker ◽  
A Nadhiya ◽  
M A Olatunji

Abstract Uranium, thorium and potassium are the most abundant naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) found in soils and other environmental media including foodstuffs. Since the human exposures to NORMs is an unavoidable phenomenon, in such a way that they can easily find their way to human being via food chain, detailed knowledge on their presence in foodstuffs is necessary to assess the radiation dose to the population. Thus, the present study concerns the assessment of natural radioactivity in maize, a staple foodstuff for Nigerian, via HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry. Activity concentrations (Bq/kg) in the maize samples were found to be in the range of 6.1 ± 0.6–8.2 ± 1.3, 2.2 ± 0.4–5.1 ± 0.7 and 288 ± 16–401 ± 24 for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. Measured data for 226Ra and 232Th show below the world average values of 67 Bq/kg and 82 Bq/kg, respectively, while the activity of 40K exceeds the global average of 310 Bq/kg. The annual effective dose via the maize consumption was found to be far below the UNSCEAR recommended ingestion dose limit of 290 μSv/y, and the estimated lifetime cancer risk show lower than the ICRP (1991) cancer risk factor of 2.5 × 10−3 based on the additional annual dose limit of 1 mSv for general public, thus pose no adverse health risk to the Nigerian populace.


2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syarifah Noor Syakiylla Sayed Daud ◽  
Rubita Sudirman

There has been a lot of research on the study of the human brain. Many modalities such as medical resonance imaging (MRI), computerized tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET), electroencephalography (EEG) and etc. has been invented. However, between this modality the electroencephalography widely chosen by researchers due to it is low cost, non-invasive techniques, and safely use. One of the major problems, the signal is corrupted by artifacts, whether to come from the muscle movement (electromyography artifact), eye blink and movement (electrooculography artifact) and power line interference. Filtering technique is applied to the signal in order to remove these artifacts. Wavelet approach is one of the technique that can filter out the artifact. This paper aim to determine which decomposition level is suitable for filtering EEG signal at channel Fp1, Fz, F8, Pz, O1 and O2 use stationary wavelet transform filter at db3 mother wavelet. Eight different decomposition levels have been selected and analyze based on mean square error (MSE) parameter. The Neurofax 9200 was used to record the brain signal at selected channel. Result shows that the decomposition at level 5 is suitable for filtering process using this stationary wavelet transform approach without losing important information.


Author(s):  
Rima Ladygienė ◽  
Asta Orentienė ◽  
Laura Žukauskienė

The article describes the results of the radiological measurements of 137Cs in the soil profile, explains vertical migration coefficients of this radionuclide and discusses internal doses of 137Cs found in food and received through the food chain from soil to milk and meat. Sampling was performed in the northern part of Vilnius district and covered the territories, including Antakalniai village, territory in the south east close to Maišiagala, Mykoliškių village, Karveliškės rural region, territory in the east from Nemenčinė village and Stražninkai rural region. Radiological investigation into soil at a depth of up to 30 cm showed that the concentration of 137Cs activity was in the range from 0.6±0.4 Bq/kg to 5.3±0.4 Bq/kg. The vertical migration of 137Cs indicated two pikes in five sampling places. The first one is related to the contamination of the environment after the accident at Chernobyl NPP, whereas the second one – to the contamination of territory during the tests on nuclear weapons in open air in northern hemisphere. These pikes were not detected in the soil samples taken close to Antakalniai village. Thus, a conclusion that soil was disturbed during agricultural works at the sampling place was made. The highest concentration of 137Cs activity is located at a depth of 5–10 and 15–20 cm where radiocesium is available for vegetation and can get through the food chain to humans. Public estimation shows that the highest dose of 137Cs found in milk and meat has been discovered in Stražninkai (5.5±0.1 µSv) while the lowest one – in a small village near Maišiagala (2.3±0.1 µSv). These doses constitute only 0.5% of annual dose limit for public. Santrauka Apžvelgiami radiologinių tyrimų rezultatai, analizuojant dirvožemio mėginius pagal profilinį giluminį pasiskirstymą. Nustatyti skirtingų dirvožemio sluoksnių 137Cs savitųjų aktyvumų santykio bei migracijos iš viršutiniojo į gilesnius dirvožemio sluoksnius koeficientai. Įvertinta 137Cs radionuklidų sukeliama efektinė apšvita, kurią gali patirti žmogus, 137Cs iš dirvožemio mitybos grandinėmis patekus į organizmą. Dirvožemio mėginiai atrinkti Vilniaus rajono šiaurinėje dalyje, Antakalnių gyvenvietėje, teritorijoje į pietryčius nuo Maišiagalos, Mykoliškių gyvenvietėje, Karveliškių kaime, teritorijoje į rytus nuo Nemenčinės bei Stražninkų kaime. Mėginiai imti iš iki 30 cm gylio ir dalyti į 6 sluoksnius po 5 cm. Ištyrus dirvožemio mėginius nustatyta, kad kintant gyliui 137Cs savitasis aktyvumas kinta nuo 0,6±0,4 Bq/kg iki 5,3±0,4 Bq/kg. Penkiose iš šešių tirtų vietovių imtuose vertikaliuosiuose dirvožemio mėginiuose užfiksuota 137Cs savitojo aktyvumo padidėjimas. Pirmasis sietinas su 137Cs, į aplinką patekusiu ir dirvožemyje gilyn migravusiu po Černobylio atominės elektrinės katastrofos, antrasis – į aplinką patekusiu ir dirvožemyje migravusiu po šiaurės pusrutulyje atviroje atmosferoje vykdytų branduolinių bandymų. Antakalnių gyvenvietėje imtuose mėginiuose 137Cs savitojo aktyvumo vertikaliojo pasiskirstymo nenustatyta, todėl daryta prielaida, kad toje vietoje buvo vykdoma ūkinė veikla, ir dirvožemio struktūra suardyta. Vidutiniškai didžiausi gretimų dirvožemio sluoksnių savitųjų aktyvumų santykio koeficientai gauti iš 1 (0–5 cm) į 2 (5–10 cm) bei iš 3 (10–15 cm) į 4 (15–20 cm) sluoksnius. Taigi didžiausioji dirvožemio tarša 137Cs tebėra dar pakankamai negiliai, t. y. 5–10 bei 15–20 cm gylyje, lengvai prieinama augalų šaknims, tad per maistą gali patekti žmogui. Įvertinta, kad didžiausią metinę efektinę dozę, 137Cs patekus į pieną bei galvijų mėsą, gauna Stražninkų kaimo gyventojai (5,5±0,1 µSv), mažiausią – gyventojai, įsikūrę netoli Maišiagalos (2,3±0,1 µSv). Ši apšvita nėra reikšminga radiacinės saugos požiūriu, nes net didžiausios 137Cs savitojo aktyvumo dirvožemyje ir žolėje vertės gali lemti apie 0,5 % Lietuvos higienos normų leistinos gyventojui metinės apšvitos.


2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
Abdulmalek Rajkhan Abdulmalek Rajkhan

Radiation induced cataracts is a disease that is common amongst radiation exposed staff. About 30 percent of retired occupational radiation workers developed eye lens (EL) cataracts. Epidemiological studies on radiation therapy patients, occupational workers, and atomic bomb survivors show that 0.5 Gy of acute or fractioned radiation dose to EL causes one or both lens to cloud. The annual EL dose limit drawn by the International Commission for Radiation Protection (ICRP) was 150 mSv and was changed in 2012 to 20 mSv averaged over 5 years, with no single year exceeding 50 mSv. The limited number of researche done in Nuclear Medicine (NM) clinics with the Hp(3) dosimeters suggest that the annual EL dose from three procedures is measured to be between 4.5 and 9 mSv (i.e. dispensing, preparing and administering). These procedures are performed when the radioactive materials are in closed shielded containers or behind a barrier. Common radioactive material handled by occupational workers in NM clinics are 99mTc and 131I. They pose less radiation hazard to workers EL in the three procedures when they are behind shielded containers. Moreover, once the radioactive material is administered into patients, they become open sources and pose more radiation hazard to workers. The Hp(3) dosimeter is a new uncommon dosimeter. Many radiation facilities use the Hp(0.07) and Hp(10) dosimeters coupled with many conditions and conversion factors to find approximate results. Therefore, simulations are performed to find the EL dose. However, some simulations are performed with little flexibility in simulation geometry, others utilize low-quality phantoms or present the simulation results in terms of fluxes or energy ranges. In the present study, the NM worker EL dose is simulated by utilizing a high-resolution Digital Imagning Communication in Medicine (DICOM) image in GEANT4 Archeticture for Medical Oriented Simulation (GAMOS). A water cylinder homogenously filled by radioactive material, representing the administered patient, was created in the simulation. The worker exposure scenario was simulated by placing the cylinder in three different directions and five different distances with respect to the DICOM image. The results of the simulation reveal that the highest occupational EL radiation dose is received from the anterior-posterior direction, followed by the lateral, and the posterior-anterior directions. The results of the conservative simulated scenario reveal that the worker EL dose is exposed to three tenths of the annual dose limit after 110 131I patients, or 300 99mTc patients.


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