scholarly journals Plum pox virus strains: Diversity and geographical distribution in Serbia

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darko Jevremovic ◽  
Svetlana Paunovic
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Host Preferences ◽  
Fruit Drop ◽  
Plum Varieties ◽  
Virus Strains ◽  
Virus Variability

Plum pox virus (PPV) is the causal agent of Sharka disease. Since its discovery, Sharka has been considered as a calamity in plum orchards. PPV is present worldwide in many Prunus species, causing great economic losses. In highly susceptible plum varieties, such as Pozegaca, PPV causes a premature fruit drop and reduces fruit quality, which leads to total yield loss. Eight PPV strains (PPV-M, PPV-D, PPV-EA, PPV-C, PPV-Rec, PPV-W, PPV-T and PPVCR) have been recognized so far. Three major strains (PPV-M, PPV-D and PPV-Rec) are the most widely dispersed and occur frequently in many European countries. Other strains are of minor importance due to their limited host preferences or geographic distribution. So far, all three major strains have been identified in Serbia. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of the research into Plum pox virus variability in Serbia.

scholarly journals Identification of a BTV-Strain-Specific Single Gene That Increases Culicoides Vector Infection Rate

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1781
Author(s):  
Honorata M. Ropiak ◽  
Simon King ◽  
Marc Guimerà Busquets ◽  
Kerry Newbrook ◽  
Gillian D. Pullinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infection Rate ◽  
Bluetongue Virus ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Field Strain ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Culicoides Vectors ◽  
Virus Strains

Since the 2000s, the distribution of bluetongue virus (BTV) has changed, leading to numerous epidemics and economic losses in Europe. Previously, we found a BTV-4 field strain with a higher infection rate of a Culicoides vector than a BTV-1 field strain has. We reverse-engineered parental BTV-1 and BTV-4 strains and created BTV-1/BTV-4 reassortants to elucidate the influence of individual BTV segments on BTV replication in both C. sonorensis midges and in KC cells. Substitution of segment 2 (Seg-2) with Seg-2 from the rBTV-4 significantly increased vector infection rate in reassortant BTV-14S2 (30.4%) in comparison to reverse-engineered rBTV-1 (1.0%). Replacement of Seg-2, Seg-6 and Seg-7 with those from rBTV-1 in reassortant BTV-41S2S6S7 (2.9%) decreased vector infection rate in comparison to rBTV-4 (30.2%). However, triple-reassorted BTV-14S2S6S7 only replicated to comparatively low levels (3.0%), despite containing Seg-2, Seg-6 and Seg-7 from rBTV-4, indicating that vector infection rate is influenced by interactions of multiple segments and/or host-mediated amino acid substitutions within segments. Overall, these results demonstrated that we could utilize reverse-engineered viruses to identify the genetic basis influencing BTV replication within Culicoides vectors. However, BTV replication dynamics in KC cells were not suitable for predicting the replication ability of these virus strains in Culicoides midges.

scholarly journals First Report of Plum Pox Virus Strains M, D, and Rec Infecting Prunus spp. in the Republic of North Macedonia

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 296-296
Author(s):  
S. Dallot ◽  
B. Kuzmanovska ◽  
M. Brevet ◽  
R. Rusevski ◽  
G. Thébaud
Keyword(s):  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
First Report ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Prunus Spp ◽  
Virus Strains

scholarly journals Toxoplasmosis: Current and Emerging Parasite Druggable Targets

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2531
Author(s):  
Rana El Hajj ◽  
Lina Tawk ◽  
Shaymaa Itani ◽  
Maguy Hamie ◽  
Jana Ezzeddine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Parasite Resistance ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Prevalent Disease ◽  
Acute Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Druggable Targets

Toxoplasmosis is a prevalent disease affecting a wide range of hosts including approximately one-third of the human population. It is caused by the sporozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), which instigates a range of symptoms, manifesting as acute and chronic forms and varying from ocular to deleterious congenital or neuro-toxoplasmosis. Toxoplasmosis may cause serious health problems in fetuses, newborns, and immunocompromised patients. Recently, associations between toxoplasmosis and various neuropathies and different types of cancer were documented. In the veterinary sector, toxoplasmosis results in recurring abortions, leading to significant economic losses. Treatment of toxoplasmosis remains intricate and encompasses general antiparasitic and antibacterial drugs. The efficacy of these drugs is hindered by intolerance, side effects, and emergence of parasite resistance. Furthermore, all currently used drugs in the clinic target acute toxoplasmosis, with no or little effect on the chronic form. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive overview on the currently used and emergent drugs and their respective parasitic targets to combat toxoplasmosis. We will also abridge the repurposing of certain drugs, their targets, and highlight future druggable targets to enhance the therapeutic efficacy against toxoplasmosis, hence lessening its burden and potentially alleviating the complications of its associated diseases.

scholarly journals Foliar Calcium Corrects a Deficiency Causing Green Fruit Drop in ‘Draper’ Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Gerbrandt ◽  
Charles Mouritzen ◽  
Mark Sweeney
Keyword(s):  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Highbush Blueberry ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Physiological Disorder ◽  
Fertilization Rates ◽  
Green Fruit ◽  
Fruit Drop

‘Draper’ northern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) is a widely-planted mid-season cultivar with excellent fruit quality. Under the climatic conditions of Southwestern British Columbia, Canada, and Northwestern Washington, USA, it expresses a physiological disorder causing spontaneous green fruit drop (GFD) of up to half of the developing crop just prior to onset of the fruit coloring phenophase. Reduction of economic losses due to GFD required identification of the cause of this disorder and development of an agronomic solution that would reduce fruit drop. In 2014, two initial experiments were conducted to compare three foliar Ca products under a range of N fertilization rates. In 2015 and 2016, three locations were used in a first step to optimizing rates and timings of foliar Ca application. Initial experiments determined that higher N fertilization rates exacerbate GFD but that foliar Ca corrects the condition. Multi-site, multi-year trials identified key rates and timings for foliar Ca application to provide an agronomic solution for commercial growers. These trials identified an acute fruit Ca deficiency as the cause of GFD, and that foliar calcium applied frequently at high concentration from mid-bloom onward can be effective in reducing GFD, often to negligible levels. This condition has now been reported in several production regions around the world.

Identification of QTL for resistance to plum pox virus strains M and D in Lito and Harcot apricot cultivars

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 289-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Dondini ◽  
Orietta Lain ◽  
Vera Vendramin ◽  
Marisa Rizzo ◽  
Davide Vivoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Virus Strains

scholarly journals Molecular Plant-Plum Pox Virus Interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernardo Rodamilans ◽  
Adrián Valli ◽  
Juan Antonio García
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Virion Assembly ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
Virus Interactions ◽  
Sharka Disease

Plum pox virus, the agent that causes sharka disease, is among the most important plant viral pathogens, affecting Prunus trees across the globe. The fabric of interactions that the virus is able to establish with the plant regulates its life cycle, including RNA uncoating, translation, replication, virion assembly, and movement. In addition, plant-virus interactions are strongly conditioned by host specificities, which determine infection outcomes, including resistance. This review attempts to summarize the latest knowledge regarding Plum pox virus–host interactions, giving a comprehensive overview of their relevance for viral infection and plant survival, including the latest advances in genetic engineering of resistant species.

Experiments on resistance of plum varieties and hybrids to plum pox virus in Moldavia

1987 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana F. Bivol ◽  
Vavara F. Ignat ◽  
Elena A. Kukurusak ◽  
Hartmut Kegler
Keyword(s):  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Plum Varieties
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