scholarly journals Possibility of environmentally-safe casing soil disinfection for control of cobweb disease of button mushroom

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-289
Author(s):  
Ivana Potocnik ◽  
Emil Rekanovic ◽  
Milos Stepnovic ◽  
Svetlana Milijasevic-Marcic ◽  
Biljana Todorovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Control ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Colloidal Silver ◽  
Button Mushroom ◽  
Biological Efficacy ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Soil Disinfection ◽  
Mushroom Yield ◽  
Cobweb Disease

The soil-borne pathogen Cladobotryum dendroides causes cobweb disease of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) and its significant yield losses. Casing soil disinfection by toxic formaldehyde is a widespread practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of two environmentally friendly substances, colloidal silver and peracetic acid, against C. dendroides. Their biological efficacy (impact on mushroom yield), effectiveness (disease control) and type of interactions between them and the fungicide prochloraz-manganese were evaluated. Black peat/lime casing soil was applied to a colonized substrate with the white button mushroom strain 737, then inoculated with C. dendroides and treated with the fungicide prochloraz-manganse and two environmentally friendly disinfectants based on peracetic acid and colloidal silver. The effects of fungicides on mushroom productivity were evaluated as biological efficacy and calculated as a ratio of fresh weight of total mushroom yield to the weight of dry substrate. Fungicide effectiveness and synergy factor were calculated by Abbott?s (1925) formula. Tests for synergism between prochloraz-manganese and both other substances were performed using Limpel?s formula. The highest biolgical efficacy, exceeding 92.00, was achieved in treatments with prochlorazmanganese, applied alone or in combination with both other disinfectants. The highest effectiveness of 93.33% was attained in treatments with peracetic acid combined with prochloraz-manganese. Trials against cobweb disease revealed a synergistic reaction between the fungicide and peracetic acid and antagonistic between the fungicide and colloidal silver. Peracetic acid provided better disease control, compared to colloidal silver applied alone or in combination with the fungicide. Based on these findings, peracetic acid should be recomended as an environmentally friendly casing soil disinfectant against cobweb disease of A. bisporus.

scholarly journals Controlling the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita Chitwood) with grafted and resistant pepper varieties

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Mándoki
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Bell Pepper ◽  
N Gene ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Resistant Rootstock ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode

Newly bred resistant bell pepper varieties and those grafted onto resistant rootstock s were tested in soil severely infested with southern root-knot nematode [Meloidogy11e incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood] in unheated plastic house and compared to varieties on their own roots, in order to evaluate the efficiency of this environmentally friendly control method. 'Cinema F I ' carrying the N gene yielded significantly more than the two susceptible varieties. Varieties grafted onto resistant rootstocks outyielded those on their own roots although to different extent, which was not always significant. At the end of the vegetat ion period the roots of the rootstocks were undamaged and the roots of some resistant varieties were slightly infected. whereas the roots of susceptible varieties were severely damaged. According to our result  . both the use of resistant varieties and grafted plants offer an effective and environmentally safe way of controlling M. incognita.

scholarly journals The effects of casing soil treatment with bacillus subtilis Ch-13 biofungicide on green mould control and mushroom yield

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Potocnik ◽  
Emil Rekanovic ◽  
Biljana Todorovic ◽  
Jelena Lukovic ◽  
Dusanka Paunovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Soil Treatment ◽  
Bacillus Velezensis ◽  
Uninoculated Control ◽  
Green Mould ◽  
Mushroom Yield ◽  
The Impact

The impact of a biofungicide based on Bacillus subtilis Ch-13 on mushroom yield and efficacy in suppression of Trichoderma aggressivum f. europaeum T77 from Serbia was estimated in comparision with a similar microbial fungicide, Bacillus velezensis QST713, and the chemical fungicide prochloraz manganese. The biofungicide B. velezensis QST713 is registered for treatments of mushrooms and other crops in many countries but it is not currently available on the Serbian market. The tested B. subtilis Ch-13 fungicide enhanced mushroom yield 12%, compared with an uninoculated control, and notably more than B. velezensis QST713 applied at its higher test concentrations. Regarding the efficacy of the biofungicides in control of the compost pathogen T. aggressivum f. europaeum, B. subtilis Ch-13 applied in concentration of 3 ? 108 CFU per m2 showed higher efficacy than the higher concentrations (5 ? 109 and 1 ? 1010 CFU per m2) of B. velezensis QST713. The biofungicide based on B. subtilis Ch-13 should be further investigated regarding its different modes of application to ensure better efficacy in disease control as it showed beneficial features in both promoting A. bisporus production and suppressing the growth of the aggressive compost pathogen T. aggressivum, the causal agent of devastating green mould disease.

Testing the efficacy of probiotics for disease control in aquaculture

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Gavin Partridge
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Indirect Benefits ◽  
Aquaculture Industry ◽  
Feed Utilisation ◽  
Alternative Approaches

Infectious diseases have been estimated to cost the global aquaculture industry billions of dollars annually1,2. With concerns over emerging resistance and residues of antibiotics in food3 many such chemicals are now being banned and environmentally friendly alternatives are being sought. Probiotics influence the composition of the gut microbiota and confer health benefits to their host4,5 and are one of several alternative approaches gaining significant popularity in aquaculture. Whilst primarily used to manage bacterial disease, there is also some evidence that probiotics can provide protection against parasites4 and viruses6. Probiotics can inhibit the growth of pathogens in the gut through the excretion of antagonistic substances including bacterocins6,7; prevent pathogen adhesion in the gut through competition of space and nutrients3 and by modulating the immune system5. Some probiotics have been reported to improve growth and feed utilisation efficiency5 and others can also improve water quality2,8,9, which confers indirect benefits to host healthsup>6.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE SYNTHESIS OF HYDROGENATION NICKEL CATALYSTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adele R. Latypova ◽  
Dmitry V. Filippov ◽  
Olga V. Lefedova ◽  
Alexey V. Bykov ◽  
Valentin Yu. Doluda
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Hydrogen Pressure ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Nickel Catalysts ◽  
Catalyst Activation ◽  
Gas Atmosphere ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Lower Temperature

New types of nickel catalysts are proposed. They are formed during the surface deposition of nickel polynuclear hydroxo complexes on powdered carriers with subsequent reduction to the metal. This method of synthesis is environmentally friendly, safe and waste-free technology. Industrial wastewater will contain only an aqueous solution of sodium chloride and sodium carbonate. The catalytic activity was determined by the p-nitroaniline hydrogenation at 240 °C and 40 bar of hydrogen pressure. The properties and characteristics of the catalysts were studied using thermo-programmable desorption of ammonia, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was found that Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalyst may accelerate the process with NiO, NiO, γ-NiOOH and Ni(OH)2 compounds, while for Ni/SiO2 these are NiO, NiO, Ni2O3, γ-NiOOH and Ni(OH)2. However, pre-activation of the sample is necessary. The solution of this problem can be the catalyst activation in a gas atmosphere under hydrogen pressure, but at a lower temperature of about 250 °C. Changes in the metal content in the catalysts before and after use may be associated with the mutual transformations of modifications, which may or may not depend on the catalysis of the hydrogenation process. We established that the catalyst supported on gamma alumina was 10 times more active than the catalyst on silicon oxide. The discovery of the mechanism of transformations between modifications of oxides and metal hydroxides is of considerable interest in the development of new selective and environmentally friendly catalysts.

scholarly journals Eco-friendly surfactants in glyphosate formulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-221
Author(s):  
Romina C. Pessagno ◽  
Diego Grassi ◽  
Camila Pedraza ◽  
Gustavo Thompson ◽  
Carlos Ojeda
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Interfacial Properties ◽  
Commercial Product ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Alkyl Glucoside ◽  
Glyphosate Formulation ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Unique Ability

Weeds affect various crops worldwide, causing low yields and, therefore, significant economic losses. These losses can be minimized by the use of herbicides such as glyphosate. However, the efficiency of glyphosate depends on the type of agrochemical formulations. The most widely used surfactant is polyethoxylated tallow amine. Nevertheless, the disadvantage of these compounds is that their toxicity is greater than that of glyphosate itself. Thus, this study aimed to develop an environmentally-friendly combination of surfactants that can increase the performance of glyphosate compared to other currently used formulations. Saponin (S) is environmentally friendly and has a unique ability to go through the waxy cuticle of the weed leaf. However, its interfacial properties are very poor. In contrast, the alkyl glucoside (AG) mixture has shown excellent interfacial properties, being an environmentally safe surfactant, but cannot pass through the cuticle. In the present study, we mixed both surfactants. Two formulations were made with 20% (F1) and 2% (F2) of S with 4% AG. To verify the usefulness of our formulations, they were compared against a commercial product. The results showed that the commercial product had better CMC 0.3±0.1% and pC20 1.155±0.099 than our formulations F1 and F2. Formulations F1 and F2 showed better gCMC than the commercial product 36.5±4.1 mN/m and 30.9±1.4 mN/m, respectively. Field tests showed that F2 was more effective than the commercial product in eliminating weeds at the end of the test at 30 days. Our results allowed confirming that the use of saponin improves the efficiency of glyphosate. The work showed that structures similar to cyclopentaneperhydrophenanthrene are very effective for introducing drugs into plants through the leaves. This is an advance in general and in particular for the increase of the yield in certain crops.

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