The prevalence of oval root canals in the apical and middle third of mandibular molars and premolars

Introduction. Oval root canals are all groups of human teeth. In such canals it is a challenge to fulfill the necessary preconditions for a successful outcome of root canal therapy - complete cleaning, shaping and obturation. Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the shape and diameter of root canals in the apical and middle third of human mandibular molars and premolars, to determine the prevalence and extent of long oval canals. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 80 extracted human teeth, 40 molars and 40 premolars. The teeth were placed in a specially designed muffle mould and embedded in transparent acrylic resin. After the polymerization of the acrylic resin, the teeth were taken out of the mould and sectioned at levels 3 and 6 mm from the apex. The cross-sections were photographed under 30? magnification using a digital camera. The long and short canal diameter were measured on the images and their ratio calculated. Results. In the apical third 22% of the premolars and 35% of the molars had oval root canal morphology. In the middle third 36% of premolars and 41 % of molars. Conclusion. Root canals of mandibular molars and premolars are often oval in their cross-section. They seem to be more frequently oval in their cross-section than previous studies have shown.

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Comparative study of coronal sealing ability using root cross sections method

Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije ◽

10.2298/sgs0704224m ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 224-230

Author(s):

Dejan Markovic ◽

Vesna Zivojinovic ◽

Slavoljub Zivkovic

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Root Canal ◽

Smear Layer ◽

Blue Dye ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Root Canals ◽

Dye Penetration ◽

Gutta Percha ◽

Significant Difference

Objective: An in vitro comparison of coronal microleakage of three root canal sealers was performed using the dye leakage method. Methodology: Ninety-eight single-rooted human teeth were instrumented and randomly allocated to two groups. In the first group, root canals were treated with EDTA to remove the smear layer. The roots in both groups were obturated using laterally condensed gutta-percha and Sealapex, AH-26 or Ketac-Endo as the sealer. The teeth were suspended in 1% methylene blue dye for 6 days. The teeth were then rinsed, sectioned perpendicular to the long axis and evaluated for coronal dye penetration. Results: In general, Ketac-Endo root canal sealer showed greater dye penetration than Sealapex and AH-26. A statistically significant difference in the coronal penetration of the dye was found in the group with intact smear layer. Conclusion: Highly significant differences between AH-26 and Ketac-Endo (p < 0.001) and Sealapex and Ketac Endo (p < 0.001) were found.

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Comparison of Air-driven vs Electric Torque Control Motors on Canal Centering Ability by ProTaper NiTi Rotary Instruments

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1273 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 71-75 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Mina Zarei ◽

Maryam Javidi ◽

Mahdi Erfanian ◽

Mahdi Lomee ◽

Farzaneh Afkhami

Keyword(s):

Cross Sections ◽

Root Canal ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Acrylic Resin ◽

Torque Control ◽

Rotary Instruments ◽

Canal Transportation ◽

Group 2 ◽

Niti Rotary Instruments

ABSTRACT Aim Cleaning and shaping is one of the most important phases in root canal therapy. Various rotary NiTi systems minimize accidents and facilitate the shaping process. Todays NiTi files are used with air-driven and electric handpieces. This study compared the canal centering after instrumentation using the ProTaper system using Endo IT, electric torque-control motor, and NSK air-driven handpiece. Materials and methods This ex vivo randomized controlled trial study involved 26 mesial mandibular root canals with 10 to 35° curvature. The roots were randomly divided into 2 groups of 13 canals each. The roots were mounted in an endodontic cube with acrylic resin, sectioned horizontally at 2, 6 and 10 mm from the apex and then reassembled. The canals were instrumented according to the manufacturer's instructions using ProTaper rotary files and electric torque-control motors (group 1) or air-driven handpieces (group 2). Photographs of the cross-sections included shots before and after instrumentation, and image analysis was performed using Photoshop software. The centering ability and canal transportation was also evaluated. Repeated measurement and independent t-test provided statistical analysis of canal transportation. Results The comparison of the rate of transportation toward internal or external walls between the two groups was not statistically significant (p = 0.62). Comparison of the rate of transportation of sections within one group was not significant (p = 0.28). Conclusion Use of rotary NiTi file with either electric torquecontrol motor or air-driven handpiece had no effect on canal centering. Clinical significance NiTi rotary instruments can be used with air-driven motors without any considerable changes in root canal anatomy, however it needs the clinician to be expert. How to cite this article Zarei M, Javidi M, Erfanian M, Lomee M, Afkhami F. Comparison of Air-driven vs Electric Torque Control Motors on Canal Centering Ability by ProTaper NiTi Rotary Instruments. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(1):71-75.

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The effect of different irrigation techniques on the quality of cleaning of root canal walls

Stomatoloski glasnik Srbije ◽

10.2298/sgs0804221p ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 221-228

Author(s):

Violeta Pavlovic ◽

Slavoljub Zivkovic

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Smear Layer ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite Solution ◽

Efficient Removal ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Root Canals ◽

Group I ◽

Different Types ◽

The Difference

Aim: To evaluate the effect of irrigation techniques, i.e. different types of irrigation needles, on the quality of cleaning of root canal walls using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Material and Method: The study was conducted on 16 extracted, single-rooted, human teeth. The samples were allocated to two experimental groups depending on the type of the irrigation needle. Conventional needles were used for the irrigation of Group I and laterally perforated ones for Group II. All root canals were instrumented using K files and the Step-back technique. During instrumentation, all samples were irrigated with 2.5 % sodium hypochlorite solution followed by final irrigation with 17 % EDTA for 1 min. After that, all samples were irrigated with 10 ml of distilled water. The roots were, then, sectioned longitudinally and middle one third of each root canal was analyzed using SEM. Quantitative analysis was based on criteria by H?lsmann et al. Results: The obtained results showed that the more efficient removal of debris and the smear layer was accomplished in the group of samples irrigated using laterally perforated needles than conventional needles. The difference between the investigated irrigation techniques were statistically significant (p<0.01). Conclusion: The use of laterally perforated needles for irrigation allows more efficient cleaning of root canal walls, i.e. the removal of debris and the smear layer.

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Comparative evaluation of shaping ability of trunatomy and protaper gold files in curved canals using cone?beam computed tomography: An invitro study

IP Indian Journal of Conservative and Endodontics ◽

10.18231/j.ijce.2021.023 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 101-105

Author(s):

Kadam Krutika Kiran ◽

Vagarali Hemant ◽

Pujar Madhu A ◽

Tamase Aishwarya S ◽

Sahana Umesh

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Root Canal ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Root Canals ◽

Before And After ◽

Canal Transportation ◽

Group 2 ◽

Shaping Ability

This study aimed to compare the canal transportation and canal centering ability in the preparation of curved root canals after instrumentation with TruNatomy (TN) (TN; Dentsply Sirona, Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and ProTaper Gold (PG) (PG; Dentsply, Tulsa Dental Specialties, Tulsa, OK, USA) files using cone‑beam computed tomography (CBCT). 30 Single rooted extracted human teeth with root curvature ranging from 20-30° according to Schneider’s method were selected. Teeth with any visible cracks or fractures, calcifications, previous root canal treatments were excluded. The teeth were randomly assigned into two groups i.e. Group 1-TN and Group 2-PG (n = 15 each). The teeth were instrumented according to manufacturer’s guidelines for both the groups. Canals were scanned using a CBCT scanner before and after preparation to evaluate the transportation and centering ratio at 3 mm, 5 mm, and 7 mm from the apex. The data analysis was done using SPSS software and the test used was independent sample t test for comparison between the 2 groups.Data obtained suggested that TN group presented lesser canal transportation at the middle third of the root. The PG group showed better centering abitily at apical third of the root canal when both the groups were compared. TN resulted in less transportation than PG at the middle third, and PG showed better centering ability at the apical third. Overall, both systems safely prepared root canals, causing minimal errors.

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The impact of minimally invasive root canal preparation strategies on the ability to shape root canals of mandibular molars

International Endodontic Journal ◽

10.1111/iej.13384 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 53 (12) ◽

pp. 1680-1688

Author(s):

C. O. Lima ◽

A. F. A. Barbosa ◽

C. M. Ferreira ◽

C. M. Augusto ◽

L. M. Sassone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Minimally Invasive ◽

Root Canal ◽

Root Canal Preparation ◽

Root Canals ◽

Mandibular Molars ◽

The Impact

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Prevalence, virulence and antifungal activity of C. albicans isolated from infected root canals

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-020-01347-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sheela B. Abraham ◽

Farah al Marzooq ◽

Wan Harun Himratul-Aznita ◽

Hany Mohamed Aly Ahmed ◽

Lakshman Perera Samaranayake

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

Production Capacity ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Root Canals ◽

Infected Root ◽

Dental Hospital ◽

Canal Systems ◽

Infected Root Canal ◽

Genotype A

Abstract Background There is limited data on the prevalence of Candida species in infected root canal systems of human teeth. We attempted to investigate the prevalence, genotype, virulence and the antifungal susceptibility of Candida albicans isolated from infected root canals of patients with primary and post-treatment infections in a UAE population. Methods Microbiological samples from 71 subjects with infected root canals were aseptically collected, and cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar, and C. albicans was identified using multiplex polymerase chain reaction, and the isolates were further subtyped using ABC genotyping system. Their relative virulence was compared using further four archival samples of endodontic origin from another geographical region, and four more salivary isolates, as controls. The virulence attributes compared were biofilm formation, and production of phospholipase and haemolysin, and the susceptibility to nystatin, amphotericin B, ketoconazole, and fluoconazole was also tested. Results 4 out of 71 samples (5.6%) yielded Candida species. On analysis of variance among the groups, the intracanal isolates, mainly Genotype A, possessed a high degree of phospholipase and haemolysin activity (p < 0.05). The UAE and Finland isolates were stronger biofilm formers and had superior phospholipase production capacity compared with the salivary isolates. All isolates were sensitive to the antifungal chemicals used. The salivary isolates were more sensitive to fluoconazole compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of C. albicans in infected root canals of patients attending a dental hospital in UAE is low. The strains isolated were good biofilm formers, possessed strong phospholipase and haemolysin activity and were mostly of the genotype A. The fact that the root canal isolates possessed significant hydrolase activity, imply that they are equipped with virulence attributes necessary for survival within a harsh intracanal ecosystem.

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Effect of a Surfactant on the Antimicrobial Activity of Sodium Hypochlorite Solutions

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201300049 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 25 (5) ◽

pp. 416-419 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Marcos Rodolfo Bolfoni ◽

Marcelo dos Santos Ferla ◽

Otávio da Silva Sposito ◽

Luciano Giardino ◽

Rogério de Castilho Jacinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Sodium Hypochlorite ◽

Root Canal ◽

Root Canal Preparation ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Significance Level ◽

Root Canals ◽

Tukey Test ◽

Irrigation Solution ◽

Period Data

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) associated with a surfactant. Seventy single-rooted extracted human teeth were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis, and incubated for 21 days (37 °C). The groups were distributed according to the irrigation solution used during root canal preparation: 5%, 2.5% and 1% NaOCl; 5%, 2.5% and 1% Hypoclean(r), a solution containing a surfactant (cetrimide) associated with NaOCl. Three microbiological samples were collected from each tooth: S1 - before instrumentation; S2 - immediately after instrumentation; and S3 - after a seven-day period. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test with 5% significance level. The results showed that immediately after root canal preparation (S2), E. faecalis was eliminated in all the experimental groups. However, after 7 days (S3), only the groups in which Hypoclean was used, remained contamination-free, including Hypoclean associated with 1% NaOCl, while the root canals irrigated with 1% NaOCl only, presented the highest percentage of bacterial growth. In conclusion, the addition of surfactant increased the antimicrobial activity of 1% NaOCl to levels similar to 5% NaOCl.

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Analysis of the internal anatomy of mandibular molars using different cone-beam computed tomography protocols

RSBO ◽

10.21726/rsbo.v17i1.275 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 12-20

Author(s):

Flares Baratto-Filho ◽

Nathaly Dias Morais ◽

Kauhanna Vianna de Oliveira ◽

Flávia Sens Fagundes Tomazinho ◽

Carla Castiglia Gonzaga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Computed Tomography ◽

Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽

Root Canal ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Cone Beam ◽

Type I ◽

Root Canals ◽

Mandibular Molars ◽

Type V ◽

Level Of Agreement

The aim of this study was to analyze the root canal anatomy variations of permanent mandibular molars using three different cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) protocols. Material and methods: Thirty-five freshly extracted first and second mandibular molars were collected and subjected to three CBCT protocols: i-CAT Classic (ICC); i-CAT Next Generation (ICN), and PreXion 3D (PXD). Images were evaluated by two previously calibrated and experienced endodontists. The morphological root canal configurations were classified according to Vertucci. Data were analyzed for frequency, and the binomial and Kappa tests were then performed (α = 0.05). Results: ICC and ICN were able to diagnose a higher percentage of anatomical variations in the mesial roots. In this same root, Vertucci’s type V was the most prevalent, and in distal was the type I. In comparisons of CBCT techniques for agreement, significant differences in the mesial root canals were found in the following: ICC versus (vs) ICN; ICC vs PXD; and ICN vs PXD (p <0.001). However, there were no statistical differences in the distal root canals (p >0.05). The level of agreement in mesial roots was poor or absent, while in distal was moderate.

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Retrospective Assessment of Healing Outcome of Endodontic Treatment for Mandibular Molars with C-shaped Root Canal

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2090 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 591-595

Author(s):

Kishore Kumar Majety ◽

Basanta Kumar Choudhury ◽

Anika Bansal ◽

Achla Sethi ◽

Jaina Panjabi

Keyword(s):

Root Canal ◽

Healing Process ◽

Complete Healing ◽

Endodontic Treatment ◽

Root Canal Treatment ◽

Pulp Tissue ◽

Root Canal Therapy ◽

Root Canals ◽

Mandibular Molars ◽

Retrospective Assessment

ABSTRACT Introduction A thorough knowledge of the anatomic morphology of the root canal system is necessary for the long-term success of the root canal therapy. The occurrence of C-shaped root canal configuration is one such variation. Achievement of favorable prognosis after commencing root canal therapy in such teeth is one of the challenges imposed on the endodontist. Hence, we evaluated the healing occurring after endodontic therapy in patients with C-shaped root canals in mandibular molars. Materials and methods The present study was conducted in the Department of Conservative Dentistry of the institution and included assessment of all the patients who underwent root canal treatment of the mandibular first and second molars. Endodontic therapy was performed in all the cases by experienced endodontist. Final postoperative radiographs were taken. Recording of the data of the personal and clinical details of a total of 250 patients was done. All the clinical and radiographic details of the patients, such as tooth location in the jaw, presence or absence of C-shaped canals, status of the pulp tissue, presence or absence of the fractures, and other details of the patients were recorded. Radiographic and clinical examination of the tooth of the patients was done during the baseline visit and further during the follow-up visits. The presence of C-shaped root canals was confirmed using the radiographs. Periapical index (PI) scoring system was used. Categories defined for enlisting the healing after the root canal treatment with the assessment of the PI score. All the results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. Results Vital pulp tissue was encountered in majority of the cases. C-shaped root canal configuration was observed in 40% of the cases included in the present study. After completion of the endodontic therapy, complete crown placement was done in only 22% of the cases. In cases of vital teeth with C-shaped root canals configuration, most of the teeth showed complete healing. Significant results were obtained while comparing the complete coverage crown parameter in relation to the healing process in teeth with C-shaped root canals. Conclusion In the present study, no significant effect of the C-shaped root canal configuration was found on the healing rate of the endodontic therapy in mandibular molars. Clinical significance Meticulous endodontic therapy with special techniques should be done while preparing teeth with C-shaped root canals. How to cite this article Bansal A, Parihar AS, Sethi A, Majety KK, Panjabi J, Choudhary BK. Retrospective Assessment of Healing Outcome of Endodontic Treatment for Mandibular Molars with C-shaped Root Canal. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(7):591-595.

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