scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of various endodontic irrigants on apical extrusion of debris

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-123
Author(s):  
Sameer Makkar ◽  
Simranjeet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Root Canal Preparation ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Apical Extrusion ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction. All techniques and instruments used to clean and shape canals produce some amount of apically extruded debris. The type of irrigant can affect the amount of apically extruded debris. The aim of the present study was to quantitatively compare the amount of debris extruded apically from root canals when three different irrigants were used during canal preparation with hand instruments. Material and Methods. Twenty extracted single-rooted human mandibular premolars with straight root canals were used. The teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups based on the irrigant used: Group 1: Biopure MTAD (Dentsply), Group 2: 3% NaOCl (Prima Dentalproducts), Group 3: 2% Chlorhexidine (Vishal Industries, Gujarat), Group 4: Control (no irrigation). Debris extruded through apical foramen during root canal preparation was collected into pre weighed empty guttapercha tubes. The weight of dry extruded debris was calculated by subtracting the preinstrumentation and postinstrumentation weight for each group. Obtained data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test. Results. Group 2 (3% sodium hypochlorite) had the greatest amount of extruded debris which was significantly different from other groups (p<0.05). Conclusion. The type of used irrigant can affect the amount of apically extruded debris. Sodium hypochlorite in the concentration of 3% showed the greatest amount of extruded debris.

scholarly journals Apical extrusion of debris by manual and mechanical instrumentation

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilia E. Leonardi ◽  
Diana M. Atlas ◽  
Guillermo Raiden
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Apical Extrusion ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The aim of the present study was to assess the presence of apically extruded debris and evaluate the influence of canal curvature on the amount of debris produced by manual and mechanical techniques. Forty single-rooted mature teeth with 15 to 30 degree of root canal curvature were selected. The presence of only one foramen was confirmed using a magnifying lens. A size 15 K-file was placed up to the apical foramen to determine the patency. Working length was determined with the same instrument, 1 mm short of the foramen. According to the employed technique, the groups were labeled as follows: Group 1 - Manual instrumentation with Mor-flex files; Group 2 - Mechanical instrumentation with Cursor and Mor-flex files; Group 3 - Manual instrumentation with Flexi-cut files; Group 4 - Mechanical instrumentation with Cursor and Flexi-cut files. During instrumentation, the root canals were irrigated with 20 mL. Debris extruded through the apical foramen was collected using the Myers and Montgomery technique. The values (in mg) were: Group 1: 0.422 ± 0.683; Group 2: 0.688 ± 0.795; Group 3: 0.409 ± 0.323; Group 4: 0.810 ± 0.708. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA at 5% significance level. There was no statistically significant difference among the groups (p<0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between slight and moderate curvatures in terms of the amount of extruded debris (p>0.05).

scholarly journals Effects of eliminating tension by means of epineural stitches: a comparative electrophysiological and histomorphometrical study using different suture techniques in an animal model

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (2b) ◽  
pp. 365-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Bustamante ◽  
M Socolovsky ◽  
R S Martins ◽  
J Emmerich ◽  
M G Pennini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Results ◽  
Motor Action ◽  
Nerve Suture ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Human Nerve ◽  
Group 1

Epineural stitches are a means to avoid tension in a nerve suture. We evaluate this technique, relative to interposed grafts and simple neurorraphy, in a rat model. METHOD: Twenty rats were allocated to four groups. For Group 1, sectioning of the sciatic nerve was performed, a segment 4 mm long discarded, and epineural suture with distal anchoring stitches were placed resulting in slight tension neurorraphy. For Group 2, a simple neurorraphy was performed. For Group 3, a 4 mm long graft was employed and Group 4 served as control. Ninety days after, reoperation, latency of motor action potentials recording and axonal counts were performed. Inter-group comparison was done by means of ANOVA and the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: The mean motor latency for the simple suture (2.27±0.77 ms) was lower than for the other two surgical groups, but lower than among controls (1.69±0.56 ms). Similar values were founding in both group 1 (2.66±0.71 ms) and group 3 (2.64±0.6 ms). When fibers diameters were compared a significant difference was identified between groups 2 and 3 (p=0.048). CONCLUSION: Good results can be obtained when suturing a nerve employ with epineural anchoring stitches. However, more studies are needed before extrapolating results to human nerve sutures.

scholarly journals Influence of different methods of cervical flaring on establishment of working length

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 351-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieison Nardi Lazzaretti ◽  
Bernardo Alievi Camargo ◽  
Alvaro Della Bona ◽  
Volmir João Fornari ◽  
José Roberto Vanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Length Measurement ◽  
Pulp Chamber ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

OBJECTIVE: to investigate the influence of three different rotary systems for cervical flaring on establishment of the real working length. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty mandibular first molars were submitted to conventional endodontic access and initial working length measurement, followed by irrigation/suction of the pulp chamber with 5% sodium hypochlorite. Teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10) and cervical flaring of the mesiobuccal canals were performed using one of the following instrument systems: Group 1 - Gates-Glidden burs; Group 2 - Orifice Openers; Group 3 - La Axxess system. Two subsequent numbers of instruments of each rotary system were used and the final working length was recorded. A digital calyper was used to record the working length, in millimeters, to investigate a possible discrepancy between initial and final measurements. RESULTS: Analysis of variance (Anova) na Tukey test revealed statistical difference between Group 1 and Groups 2 and 3 (p£ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: all groups presented shorter working length after cervical flaring; groups prepared with instruments La Axxes and Orifice Opener presented the best results among the systems studied.

scholarly journals Effect of Accelerated Aging on the Sorption and Solubility Percentages of Silicone Facial Prostheses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adhara Smith Nóbrega ◽  
Clóvis Lamartinede Moraes Melo Neto ◽  
Daniela Micheline dos Santos ◽  
André Pinheirode Magalhães Bertoz ◽  
André Luiz de MeloMoreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Facial Prostheses ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of accelerated aging on the sorption and solubility percentages of the MDX4-4210 and A-2186 silicones. Materials and Methods Two silicones (A-2186 and MDX4-4210) and three intrinsic pigments (bronze, black, and pink) were used in this study. Thus, six groups were created (n = 10): Group 1 = bronze MDX4-4210; Group 2 = black MDX4-4210; Group 3 = pink MDX4-4210; Group 4 = bronze A-2186; Group 5 = black A-2186; and Group 6 = pink A-2186. The dimensions of all samples were the same (45-mm diameter (ø) × 1-mm thickness). The samples were aged for a total of 1,008 hours. In this period of 1,008 hours of accelerated aging, the sorption and solubility percentages of each sample were calculated at three time points (252, 504, and 1,008 hours). Statistical Analysis Three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test were performed (α = 0.05). Result Accelerated aging can significantly increase the sorption and solubility percentages of the MDX4-4210 and A-2186 silicones.

scholarly journals Apical Extrusion of Debris during Root Canal Preparation with ProTaper Next, WaveOne Gold and Twisted Files

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6254
Author(s):  
Wojciech Eliasz ◽  
Beata Czarnecka ◽  
Anna Surdacka
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Root Canal Preparation ◽  
Movement Kinematics ◽  
Liquid Component ◽  
Apical Extrusion ◽  
Working Length ◽  
Adaptive Motion ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

(1) Background: Apical extrusion of debris is an example of a complication that may arise during root canal treatment, and it has been proven to be an unavoidable occurrence during endodontic treatment by numerous authors. Even though it may not hinder the long-term outcome of treatment, it may lead directly to increased levels of postoperative pain and, therefore, lower levels of patient acceptance and satisfaction. The aim of the study was to assess the weight of apically extruded debris during root canal preparation with instruments that use different movement kinematics (rotary, reciprocating, and adaptive motion); (2) Methods: The study was performed using the Myers and Montgomery model. Sixty human premolar teeth were inserted into preweighed Eppendorf tubes and randomly classified into three groups. After manual glide-path preparation, teeth in each group were instrumented to working length set 1 mm short of the anatomical apex using the standard sequence provided by the manufacturers (for Group 1: ProTaper Next X1 & X2; for Group 2: WaveOne Gold Primary, for Group 3: Twisted Files SM1-SM3). Root canals were irrigated with 1 mL of 0.9% NaCl solution between each file insertion. The tubes with collected debris were stored in an incubator at 70 °C for 5 days in order to evaporate the liquid component. Measurement of the weight of extruded debris was performed by subtracting the preinstrumentation from the postinstrumentation weight of the tubes. The results were analyzed with Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA, with significance level set at 0.05; (3) Results: The weight of extruded debris was 0.337 mg (SD = 0.148) for Group 1, 0.305 mg (SD = 0.201) for Group 2, and 0.348 mg (SD = 0.135) for Group 3. (4) Conclusions: Engine-driven root canal preparation with the use of instruments ProTaper Next, WaveOne Gold and Twisted Files that use different movement kinematics (rotary, reciprocating, and adaptive motion) was associated with apical extrusion of debris to a similar extent.

scholarly journals Apical Extrusion of Debris and Irrigants Using Different Irrigation Needles

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Barcellos Silva ◽  
Angélica Mohnsam Krolow ◽  
Katerine Jahnecke Pilownic ◽  
Renata Picanço Casarin ◽  
Regina Karla Pontes Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Bonferroni Correction ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Needle Type ◽  
Apical Extrusion ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Root Canal Instrumentation ◽  
Final Instrument ◽  
Group 1

Abstract This study evaluated the influence of irrigation tip, root canal curvature and final apical diameter on periapical debris and irrigant extrusion during root canal instrumentation. After being classified as mildly or moderately curved, the mesiobuccal root canals of 90 human molars were instrumented. The teeth were allocated into three groups according to the used needle type: a flat open-end needle (Group 1), a side-vented needle (Group 2) or a double side-vented needle (Group 3). The amount of extruded material after instrumentation was calculated for each group. The differences in irrigant and debris extrusion between the experimental groups were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney U test. Irrigation tips and final instrument diameter differences were analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis test. Multiple groups were compared using the Mann-Whitney U-test with a Bonferroni correction at α=0.05. The amount of extruded material from the double side-vented needle was significantly less than the open-ended flat needle (p=0.008), but there was no difference compared to the side-vented needle (p=0.929). The results showed no effect of root curvature and final apical diameter on the amount of irrigant and debris extrusion (p>0.05). The double side-vented needles generated the least material extrusion to the periapical tissues. Irrigation needle type had the greatest influence on periapical irrigant and debris extrusion and the double side-vented needles may be safely used during endodontic therapy.

scholarly journals Effect of spreader size on microleakage of roots filled with cold lateral compaction technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 378-381
Author(s):  
Tugba Turk ◽  
Beyser Piskin ◽  
Hasan Orucoglu ◽  
Berdan Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Maxillary Incisor ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Fluid Filtration ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Apical Leakage ◽  
Group 1

ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate the effect of spreader size on apical leakage of maxillary incisor teeth. Materials and Methods: A total of 75 permanent human teeth with no carious and no fracture or crack were used for this study. After removing the crown from the cementoenamel junction and the standardization of the root lengths, the specimens were randomly divided into five groups: Group 1 - Roots were not instrumented. Group 2 - Root canals were enlarged using the step-back technique to a #40 file and filled using cold lateral compaction (CLC) of gutta-percha (GP). Group 3 - During the filling procedure, the first spreader used was size 40. Group 4 - The first spreader used was size 35. Group 5 - The initial spreader used was size 25. The amount of leakage through the filled root canals was evaluated by computerized fluid filtration model. Statistical analyzes were done using Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney test (P < 0.05). Results: There were statistically significant differences among the groups (P < 0.05). While the uninstrumented group (Group 1) had no leakage, instrumented but not filled roots (Group 2) demonstrated the highest leakage values. There were no differences between Group 3 and 4. Group 5 showed significantly less leakage than Group 3 and 4. Conclusion: Spreader size used during CLC of GP appeared to be a significant factor on apical leakage of roots. Using smaller size spreader during CLC may provide relatively less leakage.

scholarly journals Evaluation of apical debris extrusion during root canal preparation using Hand K file, Revo S, Protaper Next and Wave One file system: An in vitro study.

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Mohd Salman Akhtar ◽  
Ankit Agarwal ◽  
Mohammed Ayaz Malick ◽  
Sheeba Khan ◽  
Sachin Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
File System ◽  
Root Canal Preparation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Apical Extrusion ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Final Weight ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2

Introduction: The key step during the root canal treatment is the biomechanical preparation of the infected root canals. This preparation may result in pushing the apical debris through the apical foramen into the periapical space leading to initiation of immunological response by the host leading to postoperative pain and discomfort. Therefore the aim of the study was to compare the apical debris extrusion during root canal preparation using Hand k file, Revo S, Protaper Next and Wave One file system.    Materials and Method: Sixty extracted human mandibular premolars with single canal were selected and randomly divided into four groups (n = 15) for instrumentation with four different files. Group 1: Hand k file, Group 2: Revo S file, Group 3: ProTaper Next, and Group 4: WaveOne single reciprocating file. Debris extruding during instrumentation were collected into pre-weighed Eppendorf tubes. These tubes were then stored in an incubator at 70°C for 5 days and were then weighed to obtain the final weight, with the extruded debris. Weight of extruded debris was calculated by subtracting the initial weight from the final weight. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Tukey’s test. Result: For intergroup comparison, significant differences were found for the debris extruded. Instrumentation with hand K files resulted in significantly more debris extrusion apically as compared to other three NiTi groups. Maximum debris extrusion was seen by Hand K file, followed by group 2(Revo S), then group 4(Wave One) and least by group 3(Protaper Next). However, there was no significant difference in debris extrusion amongst groups prepared with either NiTi rotary or reciprocating file systems. Conclusion: The Pro Taper Next resulted in least debris extrusion when compared to Hand k file, reciprocating Wave One and rotary Revo S. However there was not a significant difference between all the NiTi rotary and reciprocating file system. Keywords: Apical extrusion debris; Hand k file, instrumentation; ProTaper Next, RevoS and WaveOne.

scholarly journals Minimum inhibitory concentration of cocoa pod husk extract in Enterococcus faecalis extracellular polymeric substance biofilm thickness

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
Tamara Yuanita ◽  
Latief Mooduto ◽  
Reinold Christian Lina ◽  
Fajar Agus Muttaqin ◽  
Ika Tangdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Biofilm Thickness ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Group 1

Background: Root canal treatment constitutes a treatment sequence for infected pulp to eliminate the etiological factors of pulp necrosis and periapical lesion. Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is an organism commonly found in a high proportion of root canal failure because of its ability to form biofilm. Degradation of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) by oxidizing agents such as sodium hypochlorite is the first step in removing biofilm. However, the toxicity of sodium hypochlorite constitutes the main concern and, therefore, the safest alternative irrigants possible are required. The use of fruits, herbs and plants is widespread, especially in the fields of medicine and dentistry. Food crops are known to be rich in bioactive compounds, especially polyphenols, which have antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Cocoa pod husk extract can, therefore, represent an alternative irrigant. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration of cocoa pod husk extract in relation to the thickness of E. faecalis EPS biofilm. Methods: Four groups of E. faecalis cultured biofilm samples were analysed: group one contained E. faecalis without cocoa pod husk as a positive control; group two contained E. faecalis with 1.56% cocoa pod husk extract; group 3 contained E. faecalis with 3.125% cocoa pod husk extract; and group 4 contained E. faecalis with 6.25% cocoa pod husk extract. The biofilm thickness of all groups was measured by confocal laser scanning microscopy with statistical analysis subsequently undertaken by means of a post hoc test and Tukey HSD. Results: The average values of EPS biofilm thickness were as follows: group 1: 9500 nm; group 2: 8125 nm; group 3: 8000 nm; and group 4: 6375 nm. A post hoc Tukey HSD test indicated a significant difference between group 1 and group 4, while in group 2 and group 3 compared to group 1, there were no significant differences with the values of each being p = 0.340 and p = 0.267 (p>0.05). Conclusion: 6.25% cocoa pod husk extract reduces E. faecalis EPS biofilm thickness.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT IRRIGANTS WITH OR WITHOUT ULTRASONIC ACTIVATION ON ROOT DENTIN MICROHARDNESS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 3534-3538
Author(s):  
Irina Tsenova-Ilieva ◽  
◽  
Emilia Karova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ultrasonic Activation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Root Dentin ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different irrigation regimens of root dentin microhardness. Materials and methods: Twenty extracted, single-rooted, non-endodontically treated upper incisors were decoronated and further sectioned longitudinally in buccolingual direction. The surfaces of all forty samples were polished, evenly distributed into four groups (n=10) and then immersed in the following solutions: group 1: 2% sodium hypochlorite for 2 minutes followed by 17% EDTA for 2 minutes; group 2: 2% sodium hypochlorite for 2 minutes followed by 17% EDTA for 2 minutes, both ultrasonically activated; group 3: 5.25% sodium hypochlorite for 2 minutes followed by 17% EDTA for 2 minutes; group 4: distilled water (control group). Afterwards, the samples were dried and subjected to microhardness testing by using 300g load with a dwell time of 20 seconds. The averaged values of each sample’s Vicker’s hardness numbers were calculated and statistically analyzed. Results: All irrigation regimens significantly decreased the mean hardness of dentin when compared to the control group 4 (p<0.05). Pair-wise comparison between the values of Group 1, Group 2, Group 3 resulted in no statistical significance (p>0.05) regardless of the concentration and the ultrasonic activation of the solutions. Conclusions: The dentin microhardness was decreased regardless of the irrigation protocols used. Additional studies should clarify the clinical relevance of the compromised mechanical properties of dentin tissue and their relationship with the overall treatment success.

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