COMPARISON OF APICAL LEAKAGE VALUE BETWEEN EUCALYPTOL AND ORANGE OIL AS GUTTA PERCA SOLVENT

Background: The success or failure of root canal treatment is influenced by anatomical factors of the root canal, bacterial infection that causes inadequate hygiene, formation and filling of root canals, iatrogenic factors and several other factors. The average success of root canal treatment is 86-95%, while the failure of canal treatment ranges from 5-14%. Root canal re-treatment can be performed in the event of failure of root canal treatment. The method that can be used is gutta percha solvent. The gutta percha solvents used were Chloroform, Eucalyptol, Orange Oil, and Xylene, but chloroform has been categorized as a carcinogenic substance. Guta percha solvent can cause the intercrystalline distance to be larger, so that it can damage the apical density at obturation. This can create a gap between the gutta percha and the sealer which can cause apical leakage. Objective: To compare the value of apical leakage after root canal re-treatment between gutta percha solvent eucalyptol and orange oil. Method: The research method used is True Experimental with post-test only with control group design. A minimum sample of 8 teeth in a group. Total samples from all groups were 24 teeth. The teeth were stained using methylene blue and measured using stereomycroscopes. Results: the highest mean apical leakage was eucalyptol (4.55±2.59), xylene (2.77±1.94), and the lowest was citrus oil (2.20 ±1.06). The results of One-Way ANOVA test showed that there were no significant differences between orange oil, eucalyptol, and xylene (positive control). Conclusion: Eucalyptol has a higher average apical leakage value compared to orange oil and Xylene after root canal re-treatment as a gutta percha solvent. There was no significant difference between orange oil, Eucalyptol, and Xylene.Keywords: Apical leakage, eucalyptol, orange oil

The effect of different final irrigation solutions on apical impermeability

Aim: This study aimed to compare ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), phytic acid, and citric acid as chelation agents in final irrigation procedures on teeth with apical impermeability. Methodology: We used 66 mandibular premolar teeth with a single root and single canal extracted for periodontal or orthodontic reasons. All teeth crowns were removed to achieve a 14-mm root length. Mechanical preparation of the root canal was completed with a Reciproc R25 (VDW, Munich, Germany) file system. Teeth were randomly separated into three groups: Group 1: 5 ml 17% EDTA, Group 2: 5 ml 1% phytic acid, and Group 3: 5 ml 20% citric acid. We used 6 ml 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in the mechanical preparation of all groups. Three teeth were selected for both the positive and negative control groups. All teeth in the experimental groups were filled by the lateral condensation method using AH Plus canal sealer and gutta-percha. For hardening of the canal sealer, samples were kept at 37 oC and at 100% humidity in a drying oven for 7 days. Later, following removal from the drying oven, two layers of nail polish were used to cover all but the apical 2 mm of each tooth. The teeth were then kept in 2% methylene blue solution at 37 oC for 7 days. The root was divided by cutting in the buccolingual direction and gutta-percha was removed. The dye leakage was measured linearly in millimeters (mm) under a stereomicroscope. Results: As a result of the apical leakage assessment, the lowest apical leakage is observed in the phytic acid group. There was a statistically significant difference between the phytic acid group and citric acid group. There was no statistically significant difference between other groups. Conclusion: While phytic acid showed similar results with EDTA on apical impermeability, it was more effective than citric acid. How to cite this article: Akın Tartuk G, Kaya S, Adıgüzel Ö. The effect of different final irrigation solutions on apical impermeability. Int Dent Res 2021;11(Suppl.1):201-5. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.28 Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.

Smear Layer in Endodontics: A review of its role and management

Whatever the technique used for root canal instrumentation; a layer of debris termed “smear layer” is formed. This is a layer composed of an organic and inorganic substance and it harbors bacteria and their by-products. Removing the smear layer enhances the cleaning and disinfecting of root canal walls and grant maximum adaptation of root canal filling materials. Nonetheless, the existence of smear layer can seal the dentinal tubules and decrease the probability of dentinal tubule’s invasion by bacteria and their toxins, this issue is still controversial. Smear layer removal approaches including chemical, ultrasonics, and laser have been widely studied. However, none of them is entirely efficient along the length of all canals or is universally recognized. If the decision was to remove smear layer, irrigating root canals with EDTA followed by NaOCl will fulfill the objective. It is still debatable whether the removal of smear layer will decrease the apical leakage or not. Additional research is required to determine the consequence of removing or preserving the smear layer.

Perbedaan kebocoran mikro antara pengisian saluran akar teknik single cone menggunakan sealer berbahan dasar zinc oxide eugenol dan epoxy resinThe difference of microleakage in the root canal filling with single cone technique using a zinc oxide eugenol sealer and epoxy resin-based sealer

Pendahuluan: Kebocoran apikal dianggap sebagai penyebab umum kegagalan endodontik. Kebocoran dapat terjadi antara sealer dan gutaperca. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan kebocoran mikro pada saluran akar dengan teknik pengisian single cone menggunakan dua sealer berbeda, sealer berbahan dasar zinc oxide eugenol dan sealer berbahan dasar epoxy resin. Metode: Jenis penelitian adalah analitik dengan desain eksperimental laboratorium. Obyek penelitian ini menggunakan 32 premolar rahang bawah. Objek dibagi secara acak menjadi 2 kelompok masing-masing terdiri dari 16 gigi. Kelompok I adalah pengisian saluran akar dengan sealer berbahan dasar zinc oksida eugenol dan kelompok II adalah pengisian saluran akar dengan sealer berbasis epoxy resin. Seluruh permukaan akar dilapisi dengan dua lapis cat kuku kecuali apikal 1 mm dan direndam dengan larutan metilen biru 2% selama 1 minggu pada suhu 37°C. Penetrasi warna larutan biru metilen merupakan indikator kebocoran apikal. Data penetrasi zat warna ke dalam saluran akar dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik chi-square. Hasil: Kelompok sealer berbahan dasar epoxy resin memiliki kebocoran apikal yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan perolehan saluran akar dengan sealer berbahan dasar zinc oxide-eugenol diuji dengan (p <0,05). Simpulan: Kelompok sealer berbahan dasar epoxy resin memiliki kemampuan penutupan lebih baik dari sealer berbahan dasar zinc oxide eugenol.Kata kunci: Kebocoran apikal, zinc oxide eugenol sealer, epoxy resin-based sealer. ABSTRACTIntroduction: Apical leakage is considered to be a common cause of endodontic failure. Leaks can occur between the sealer and gutta-percha. This study was aimed to analyse the difference of microleakage in the root canal filling with single cone technique using two different sealers, a zinc oxide eugenol sealer and epoxy resin-based sealer. Methods: The research was analytical with an experimental laboratory design. The object of this study was 32 mandibular premolars. Objects were randomly divided into two groups, and each consisted of 16 teeth. Group I was filled with a zinc oxide eugenol sealer and group II was filled with an epoxy resin-based sealer. The entire root surface was coated with two coats of nail polish except for 1 mm apical and immersed in the 2% methylene blue solution for one week at 37°C. The colour penetration of the methylene blue solution was an indicator of apical leakage. The colour penetration data were analysed using the chi-square test. Results: The epoxy resin-based sealer group had lower apical leakage compared to the zinc oxide eugenol-based sealer (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The epoxy resin-based sealer has better sealing ability than the zinc oxide eugenol-based sealer.Keywords: Apical leakage, zinc oxide eugenol sealer, epoxy resin-based sealer.

The Effectiveness of 2.5% NaOCl Irrigation and 17% EDTA against the Sealing Ability of Resin Paste

Background: Root canal irrigation seeks the elimination of bacteria and its products from the root canal. If debris is left in the root canal, it can prohibit adaptation between obturationmaterial and root canal wall. Therefore, it can decrease the sealing ability of obturation material. Purpose: To assess the effectiveness of 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA on the apical sealing ability of resin obturation paste. Method: The roots of 18 human mandibular premolar teeth were selected and the root canal was prepared using a conventional technique. Samples were irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl, and17% EDTA, and sterile aquadest (Aqua Deastilata) as a control group. Samples were filled with gutta-percha and top seal. Samples were soaked in 2% methylene blue for 48 hours to measure the depth of microleakage. Result: The mean apical leakage after irrigation with 2.5% NaOCl; 17% EDTA; and sterile aquadest in the sequence were 0.92 mm; 3.6 mm; and 8.08 mm. Conclusion: 2.5% NaOClhas less depth of microleakage than 17% EDTA. However, the depth of microleakage cannot demonstrate the exact sealing ability of the resin paste due to some factors.