scholarly journals The influence of plastic deformation and chemical environment on the resistively of al-alloy overhead lines

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
D. Nowak-Woźny ◽  
W. Mielcarek ◽  
K. Prociów ◽  
L. Woźny ◽  
J.B. Gajewski
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Temperature ◽  
Mechanical Relaxation ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Overhead Lines ◽  
Chemical Ageing

The electrical resistively and intensity of X-ray diffraction reflexes were determined for overhead line wires deformed plastically and immersed at different solutions. Immersing (chemical ageing) was performed by plastic deformation along the wire axis. During chemical ageing the samples were exposed to the action of the Cl-, SO4 2-, and SO3 2- ions. Resistively was measured at room temperature and at liquid nitrogen temperature. After the X-ray and resistively measurement data were compared, it was found that three processes could take place: the flow of ions through the boundary between a sample and environment; the mechanical relaxation of vacancies near a line of dislocations, and the ordering of microstructure. These effects can lead to the anisotropy of resistively.

STRUCTURE AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF MECHANICAL ALLOYED Mn-15at.%Al

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 1350006
Author(s):  
AHMED E. HANNORA ◽  
FARIED F. HANNA ◽  
LOTFY K. MAREI
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Milled Sample ◽  
Powder Samples ◽  
Xrd Patterns ◽  
Method Analysis

Mechanical alloying (MA) method has been used to produce nanocrystallite Mn -15at.% Al alloy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for the as-milled elemental α- Mn and aluminum powder samples show a mixture of α + β- MnAl phases after 20 h of milling and changes to a dominant β- MnAl phase structure after 50 h. An average crystallite size of 40 nm was determined from Hall–Williamson method analysis after 5 h of milling. Moreover, the thermal analysis results using differential thermal analysis (DTA), suggested a possible phase transformation after 20 h of milling. Isothermal treatments are carried in the temperature range of 450°C to 1000°C. Room-temperature vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements of the hysteretic response revealed that the saturation magnetization Bs and coercivity Hc for 10 h ball milled sample are ~ 2.1 emu/g and ~ 92 Oe, respectively.

The Influence of Stacking Fault Energy on the Cold-Rolling Cu and Cu-Al Alloy: Structure and Mechanics Properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 683 ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Yang ◽  
Peng Yang ◽  
Jing Mei Tao ◽  
Cai Ju Li ◽  
Xin Kun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Deformation Twin ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Temperature ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Strength And Ductility

Sacking fault energy (SFE) is the key role in solving this problem of getting high strength and expected ductility simultaneously. This work adds Al as the procedure of decreasing SFE in Cu face-centered cubic. It is an economic and effective method to counterpart Cold-rolling at liquid nitrogen temperature to get high density deformation twin and ultrafine-grains size. After undergoing tensile and X-ray diffraction tests, Cu-4.5 wt.% Al plays the best performance on both strength and ductility. Thus there exist the optimal SFE of Cu-Al alloys which get both high strength and expected ductility simultaneously.

Study of Boron Implantation in CdTe

1988 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Jamieson ◽  
R. C. Bowman ◽  
P. M. Adams ◽  
J. F. Knudsen ◽  
R. G. Downing
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry ◽  
Depth Profiling ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Temperature ◽  
Neutron Depth Profiling ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Double Crystal ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Boron Implantation ◽  
Induced Structure

ABSTRACTThe effect of large dose boron implantation in single crystal CdTe has been investigated by Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry with channeling (RBS), double crystal x-ray diffraction (DCD) and photoreflectance spectroscopy (PR). Comparisons are made with the results of identical B implantations of Si and GaAs crystals. Multiple energy implantations were performed at room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature with total doses up to 1.5×1016 B+ ions/cm2. The implanted B distribution was measured with neutron depth profiling (NDP) and found to agree well with Monte-Carlo ion range calculations. The RBS results showed that the CdTe crystals had not been rendered completely amorphous even for the highest dose implantation, unlike GaAs and Si. Furthermore, the DCD results showed little implantation induced structure in the rocking curves from the implanted CdTe crystals, in contrast to GaAs. The consequences of annealing at 500°C in an attempt to regrow the crystal structure are also discussed.

scholarly journals Magnetic and electronic properties of M-Ba–Cu–O (M = Y, Er, Eu)

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 775-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jenny ◽  
B. Walz ◽  
G. Leeman ◽  
V. Geiser ◽  
S. Jost ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Liquid Nitrogen Temperature ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Reaction Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Peaks

Various high-Tc superconductors of the La–(Ba,Sr)–Cu–O and the M–Ba–Cu–O systems with M = Y, Er, and Eu have been prepared by the solid-state reaction method. Single-phase samples with no additional diffraction peaks as verified by x-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements have been obtained. Measurements of the electrical resistivity and of the magnetization showed sharp superconducting transitions with a width of 1 K. The measurements of the magnetic susceptibility have been extended above room temperature up to 770 K. There is clear evidence for the formation of a magnetic moment in all M–Ba–Cu–O samples. Monochromated x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (MXPS) valence band and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) core level spectra have been measured on various samples at room temperature and at liquid nitrogen temperature.

Improvement in Drawability (r Value) of an Aluminum Alloy Subjected to Groove Pressing

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 1911-1916
Author(s):  
Ganesh Niranjan ◽  
Chakkingal Uday
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Severe Plastic Deformation ◽  
Rolling Direction ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Drawing Ratio ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Shear Texture ◽  
Planar Anisotropy ◽  
Normal Anisotropy ◽  
X Ray

There is increasing interest in using Al alloy sheets for auto body applications. However Al alloys exhibit poor drawability as indicated by low values of the normal anisotropy, rm. Techniques for improving the value of rm rely on developing a favourable shear texture in the sheet. In this study, Al alloy AA 6061 sheets of dimensions 225 mm x 200 mm and 1 mm thick were subjected to severe plastic deformation by repeated groove pressing using a set of grooved and flat dies alternatively. The orientation of the grooves with respect to the rolling direction was also varied. Microstructure characterization and mechanical property measurements were carried out. X- ray diffraction scans were carried out to measure the relative intensities of the (111) and (200) peaks. The r values was measured as per ASTM standard E 517 on strip specimens cut at 0°, 45° and 90° to the rolling direction and the normal anisotropy value (rm) and planar anisotropy value (Δr) values were determined. The limiting drawing ratio (LDR) was determined using the Swift cupping test techniques. It was observed that the rm values increased from 0.72 in the as received condition to a maximum of 0.94 and the LDR increased from 1.93 to 2.06 when the groove pressing was carried out with grooves at to 45° the rolling direction. The improvement in rm values can be correlated to the texture developing in the sheet as a result of severe plastic deformation.

Study the Effect of Plastic Deformation in 8006 Al-Alloys by Positron Lifetime Spectroscopy, Vickers Hardness and X-Ray Diffraction

2017 ◽  
Vol 373 ◽  
pp. 142-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emad A. Badawi ◽  
M.A. Abdel-Rahman ◽  
Mohammed Salah ◽  
Mohamed Abdel-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Vickers Hardness ◽  
Positron Lifetime ◽  
Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy ◽  
Al Alloys ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Degree Of Deformation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Positron Lifetime Spectroscopy

Due to the great effect of defects on the properties of the material including strength, ductility, resistivity and opacity, there are many techniques that are used in defect detecting. Positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS), Vickers hardness, and X-ray diffraction were used to study the influence of plastic deformation on the properties of 8006 Al-alloy in this work. An increase in the positron lifetime and Vickers hardness with a bit Broadening of XRD peaks was observed with increasing the degree of deformation reflecting a large dislocation density produced by plastic deformation.

Synthesis and Characterization of BNKT/ZnO Ferroelectric Lead-Free Nanocomposites

2014 ◽  
Vol 979 ◽  
pp. 232-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Wichasilp ◽  
S. Introng ◽  
W. Maithong ◽  
N. Kruea-In ◽  
C. Kruea-In
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Crystallization Behavior ◽  
Ferroelectric Properties ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Dielectric Measurement ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solid State Reaction Technique ◽  
X Ray

In this research, the effects of ZnO nanoparticles additive on crystallization behavior, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of Bi0.5(Na0.81,K0.19)0.5TiO3 ceramics were investigated. The samples were synthesized by solid state reaction technique, where powders were calcined at 850 °C for 4 h and ceramics were sintered at 1100-1150 °C for 4 h. Phase formation was determined by X-ray diffraction technique (XRD). The X-ray diffraction analysis of the ceramics suggests that all samples exhibited a perovskite structure. The dielectric properties under room temperature and various temperatures were also determined. Dielectric measurement data showed that the additive influenced dielectric constant and dielectric loss. Furthermore, the hysteresis loop behaviors slightly changed with increasing the nanoparticles contents.

The effect of plastic deformation at near room temperature on the solid state reactions between Ni and Sn

1991 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Martelli ◽  
G. Mazzone ◽  
M. Vittori-Antisari
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Thermal Treatment ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Metastable Phases ◽  
Solid State Reactions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray

Solid state reactions between Ni and Sn at two compositions, Ni75Sn25 and Ni60Sn40, have been induced by means of near room temperature cold rolling and mechanical alloying. The reaction steps have been monitored by x-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. At both compositions, the first effect of plastic deformation is the formation of two metastable phases which, by further milling or low temperature thermal treatment, transform into the Ni3Sn4 compound. The chemical composition of the metastable phases has been determined to be close to that of Ni3Sn4 and the crystal structure of one of them appears to be related to that of β–Sn. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermal treatment of samples containing the metastable phases have shown that these phases transform into Ni3Sn4 at about 150 °C and that no other reaction takes place up to this temperature. Upon prolonged milling, a different behavior has been observed for the two compositions. While the Ni60Sn40 mixture eventually forms the Ni3Sn2 compound in agreement with previous results, the final product of mechanically alloying the Ni75Sn25 mixture is a phase whose structure, rather than amorphous as previously hypothesized, in our case can be described as based on that of the disordered high temperature form of the Ni3Sn compound. Differential scanning calorimetry and x-ray diffraction analysis of this sample have shown the formation, at 380 °C, of ordered Ni3Sn with an associated heat release of about 10 kJ/mole.

Electron Microscopy of Human Gallstones

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
C. Wolpers ◽  
R. Blaschke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Triclinic Crystal System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Main Components

Scanning microscopy was used to study the surface of human gallstones and the surface of fractures. The specimens were obtained by operation, washed with water, dried at room temperature and shadowcasted with carbon and aluminum. Most of the specimens belong to patients from a series of X-ray follow-up study, examined during the last twenty years. So it was possible to evaluate approximately the age of these gallstones and to get information on the intensity of growing and solving.Cholesterol, a group of bile pigment substances and different salts of calcium, are the main components of human gallstones. By X-ray diffraction technique, infra-red spectroscopy and by chemical analysis it was demonstrated that all three components can be found in any gallstone. In the presence of water cholesterol crystallizes in pane-like plates of the triclinic crystal system.

Electron Microscope study of commensurate-incommensurate phase transition in BaZnGeO4

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 172-173
Author(s):  
Naoki Yamamoto ◽  
Makoto Kikuchi ◽  
Tooru Atake ◽  
Akihiro Hamano ◽  
Yasutoshi Saito
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Hexagonal Lattice ◽  
Ferroelectric Materials ◽  
Temperature Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Periodic Arrays ◽  
Modulation Wave Vector

BaZnGeO4 undergoes many phase transitions from I to V phase. The highest temperature phase I has a BaAl2O4 type structure with a hexagonal lattice. Recent X-ray diffraction study showed that the incommensurate (IC) lattice modulation appears along the c axis in the III and IV phases with a period of about 4c, and a commensurate (C) phase with a modulated period of 4c exists between the III and IV phases in the narrow temperature region (—58°C to —47°C on cooling), called the III' phase. The modulations in the IC phases are considered displacive type, but the detailed structures have not been studied. It is also not clear whether the modulation changes into periodic arrays of discommensurations (DC’s) near the III-III' and IV-V phase transition temperature as found in the ferroelectric materials such as Rb2ZnCl4.At room temperature (III phase) satellite reflections were seen around the fundamental reflections in a diffraction pattern (Fig.1) and they aligned along a certain direction deviated from the c* direction, which indicates that the modulation wave vector q tilts from the c* axis. The tilt angle is about 2 degree at room temperature and depends on temperature.

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