scholarly journals Contagious diseases in the Belgrade region

Stanovnistvo ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 125-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Kovacevic ◽  
Veljko Djerkovic ◽  
Dusan Pokorni
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Population Migration ◽  
Computer Data ◽  
Chicken Pox ◽  
Contagious Diseases ◽  
Computer Data Base ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Individual Disease ◽  
Public Health Institute

Data from records on population affected by contagious diseases in the period from 1991 to 1996 are entered in the computer data base and are managed by the Epidemiology corps of the City Public Health Institute. These data are used to serve the operative needs of the epidemiological corps in order to control contagious diseases within the district. They are analysed to obtain an insight into the problem of contagious diseases in general, and each individual disease in particular, while monitoring the distribution of diseases by gender, age and commune. In the period from 1991 to 1996 no person in Belgrade was down with a particularly dangerous contagious disease. The lowest number of the diseased was registered in 1991 (14788) and the highest in 1994 (27368). In 1996, the number of the diseased was higher by 33% than in 1991. Among the most widely spread contagious diseases was chicken pox (its share ranging from 22.5% to 54.6%), contagious diarrhea (from 7.4% to 17.3%), salmonellosis (from 2.9% to 6.1%), angina (from 2.6% to 5.6%). In the period reviewed, the above four diseases were among the ten most frequently incurred contagious diseases. In the course of 1993, measles fell within the group of ten and acquired epidemic proportions. The disease affected 3524 inhabitants of Belgrade (44. 7% children below 14 years of age and 32% young people from 15 to 19 years of age). The epidemic was caused by the discontinuation of regular vaccination of children against measles caused by the shortage of imported vaccination and by population migration. In the same year, the epidemic of rubella also broke out. The epidemic extended to 1994 and 1995. A breakdown of the diseased by gender ranged from 51.0% to 52.9% for males and from 47.1 % to 49.0% for females. Majority of the diseased were in the age groups 5-9 and 0-4 years while the least number of the diseased were among the aged. The youngest population was most frequently affected by chicken pox (from 35.6% to 69.4% of the overall number of those stricken by the disease), contagious diarrhea (from 4.5% to 17.5%), salmonellosis (from 3.1% to 7.4% ), angina (from 3.4% to 9.7%) and scarlet fever (from 3.1% to 7.3%). During the period reviewed, 69 people died from contagious diseases. Mortality from contagious diseases was lowest in 1992 and 1993 (3.1 and 3.4 per 1,000,000). It gradually rose to reach the highest value in 1996 (12.6% per 1,000,000). The largest number of people affected was reported in the communes of Novi Beograd, Zemun and Cukarica.

Turkish Muslims in a German city: Entrepreneurial and residential self-determination

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sarah Hackett
Keyword(s):  
Residential Patterns ◽  
Academic Literature ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
German City ◽  
Post War ◽  
Oral History Interviews ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Term Objective

Drawing upon a collection of oral history interviews, this paper offers an insight into entrepreneurial and residential patterns and behaviour amongst Turkish Muslims in the German city of Bremen. The academic literature has traditionally argued that Turkish migrants in Germany have been pushed into self-employment, low-quality housing and segregated neighbourhoods as a result of discrimination, and poor employment and housing opportunities. Yet the interviews reveal the extent to which Bremen’s Turkish Muslims’ performances and experiences have overwhelmingly been the consequences of personal choices and ambitions. For many of the city’s Turkish Muslim entrepreneurs, self-employment had been a long-term objective, and they have succeeded in establishing and running their businesses in the manner they choose with regards to location and clientele, for example. Similarly, interviewees stressed the way in which they were able to shape their housing experiences by opting which districts of the city to live in and by purchasing property. On the whole, they perceive their entrepreneurial and residential practices as both consequences and mediums of success, integration and a loyalty to the city of Bremen. The findings are contextualised within the wider debate regarding the long-term legacy of Germany’s post-war guest-worker system and its position as a “country of immigration”.

THE ONOMASTIC SPACE OF IRKUTSK

2020 ◽  
pp. 164-170
Author(s):  
V.I. Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Population Migration ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Spatial Coordinates ◽  
Market Relations ◽  
The City

In the post-Soviet era, the onomastic space of Irkutsk noticeably changed. First, changes are found in ergonymy. The transition of the Russian economy to market relations caused the emergence of many new commercial enterprises, which receive their own names. The process of ergonymy development is seriously affected by international population migration. Most migrants work in the service sector and often give their enterprises names associated with their homeland or reflecting national peculiarities. In the linguistic and cultural space of the city, more and more ethnic names appear. These names are included in the system of urban spatial coordinates, significantly changing the composition of ergonyms. ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ:

Food and Religious Identities in the Venetian Inquisition, ca. 1560–ca. 1640

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-214
Author(s):  
Eleanor Barnett
Keyword(s):  
Identity Construction ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
Lived Religion ◽  
Ordinary People ◽  
Religious Identities ◽  
Access Points ◽  
Counter Reformation ◽  
Eating Practices ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into

Through Venetian Inquisition trials relating to Protestantism, witchcraft, and Judaism, this article illuminates the centrality of food and eating practices to religious identity construction. The Holy Office used food to assert its model of post-Tridentine piety and the boundaries between Catholics and the non-Catholic populations in the city. These trial records concurrently act as access points to the experiences and beliefs—to the lived religion—of ordinary people living and working in Venice from 1560 to 1640. The article therefore offers new insight into the workings and impacts of the Counter-Reformation.

scholarly journals The European Green Capital Award—Is It a Dream or Reality for Belgrade (Serbia)?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6182
Author(s):  
Marijana Pantić ◽  
Saša Milijić
Keyword(s):  
Urban Transformation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Transmission Of Knowledge ◽  
Current State ◽  
Transitional Countries ◽  
Great Hope ◽  
Environmentally Responsible ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into

An agreement of cooperation and transmission of knowledge regarding the nomination for the European Green Capital Award (EGCA) was signed between the mayors of Belgrade and Ljubljana (EGCA 2016 winner) in September 2018. The candidacy of Belgrade was finally realized in October 2019. Great hope was placed in this endeavour because internationally recognized awards, such as the EGCA, represent enormous capital for both the city and the state. The EGCA requires serious preparation and significant fulfilment of preconditions. Many economically strong and environmentally responsible cities competed for the award, but did not win. On the other hand, the capital of Serbia does not appear to be an obvious winning candidate, especially as it is differentiated from the previous winners by being a non-EU city and by the fact that it is still undergoing an intense urban transformation, characteristic of transitional countries. Therefore, the main aim of this article is to present a review of the current state of Belgrade’s environmental qualities and its comparison with the EGCA criteria and with Grenoble as one of the winning competitors. The article gives a full overview of the EGCA requirements with certain details on required indicators, gives relevant insight into the procedure, which could be of use for any future candidacy, and discusses potential benefits for winners, losers and repeat candidacies.

scholarly journals The Use of GIS Technology to Optimize COVID-19 Vaccine Distribution: A Case Study of the City of Warsaw, Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5636
Author(s):  
Sylwia Krzysztofowicz ◽  
Katarzyna Osińska-Skotak
Keyword(s):  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Group Living ◽  
Population Group ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Vaccination Site ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Vaccine Distribution ◽  
The City

The COVID-19 pandemic is a global challenge, and the key to tackling it is vaccinating a specified percentage of the population to acquire herd immunity. The observed problems with the efficiency of the vaccination campaigns in numerous countries around the world, as well as the approach used at the initial stage of the National Immunization Program in Poland, prompted us to analyse the possibility of using GIS technology to optimize the distribution of vaccines to vaccination sites so as to minimize the period needed to vaccinate individual population groups. The research work was carried out on the example of Warsaw, the capital of Poland and the city with the largest population in the country. The analyses were carried out for the 60–70 and 50–60 age groups, in various approaches and for vaccines of different companies (Moderna, BioNTech, AstraZeneca), used to vaccinate people in Poland. The proposed approach to optimize vaccine distribution uses Thiessen’s tessellation to obtain information on the number of people in a given population group living in the area of each vaccination site, and then to estimate the time needed to vaccinate that group. Compared to the originally used vaccination scenario with limited availability of vaccines, the proposed approach allows practitioners to design fast and efficient distribution scenarios. With the developed methodology, we demonstrated ways to achieve uniform vaccination coverage throughout the city. We anticipate that the proposed approach can be easily automated and broadly applied to various urban settings.

scholarly journals Land financialisation, planning informalisation and gentrification as statecraft in Antwerp

Urban Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 004209802110282
Author(s):  
Callum Ward
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Informal Governance ◽  
Value Capture ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Roll Out

This article offers insight into the role of the state in land financialisation through a reading of urban hegemony. This offers the basis for a conjunctural analysis of the politics of planning within a context in which authoritarian neoliberalism is ascendant across Europe. I explore this through the case of Antwerp as it underwent a hegemonic shift in which the nationalist neoliberal party the New Flemish Alliance (Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie; N-VA) ended 70 years of Socialist Party rule and deregulated the city’s technocratic planning system. However, this unbridling of the free market has led to the creation of high-margin investment products rather than suitable housing for the middle classes, raising concerns about the city’s gentrification strategy. The consequent, politicisation of the city’s planning system led to controversy over clientelism which threatened to undermine the N-VA’s wider hegemonic project. In response, the city has sought to roll out a more formalised system of negotiated developer obligations, so embedding transactional, market-oriented informal governance networks at the centre of the planning system. This article highlights how the literature on land financialisation may incorporate conjunctural analysis, in the process situating recent trends towards the use of land value capture mechanisms within the contradictions and statecraft of contemporary neoliberal urbanism.

scholarly journals Mapping Buildings’ Energy-Related Features at Urban Level toward Energy Planning

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 322
Author(s):  
Simone Ferrari ◽  
Federica Zagarella ◽  
Paola Caputo ◽  
Giuliano Dall’O’
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
National Level ◽  
Energy Planning ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Urban Buildings ◽  
Usage Patterns ◽  
Urban Level ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into

To boost energy efficiency in the building sector at urban and district scales, the use of a Geographic Information System (GIS) for data collection and energy spatial analysis is relevant. As highlighted in many studies on this topic reported in literature, the correlation among available databases is complex due to the different levels of information. As the first part of a wide research aimed at estimating the energy demand of urban buildings, we present in this article a focus on the details of the GIS-based procedure developed to assess the main energy-related features of existing building stocks. The procedure is based on the elaboration of data from the Italian Topographic Databases, under provision at the national level according to the INSPIRE European Directive and the national General Census of Population and Houses. It enables one to calculate and map the urban built volume characterized by mostly diffuse use categories in an urban context (residential and offices), to which different equipment and building usage patterns can be associated, and by construction periods, featuring different technological solutions. The method has been applied to the city of Milan (Italy). An insight into the outcomes from the overall method of the wider research is also reported.

Establishment and Evaluation of a Pilot Child Car Seat Rental Scheme in New Zealand

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
David C. Geddis ◽  
Ian C. Appleton
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
National Scale ◽  
Car Seat ◽  
Pilot Scheme ◽  
The City

The method of operation of a pilot car seat rental scheme is described. It is unique in that there are sufficient seats to accommodate every newborn infant in the city. Both infant and child seats are available. The pattern of use since the establishment of the scheme in December 1981 is reported. Currently 60% to 70% of parents rent infant seats and 35% to 40% rent child seats. Yearly roadside observations have shown a steady increase in the number of restrained children. In 1981 no infants traveled in approved restraints. In 1984 66% did so. The 1984 results for other age groups were: 6 to 18 months of age, 88%; 18 months to 2½ years of age, 82%; 2½ to 3½ years of age, 66%; 3½ to 4½ years of age, 62%. At this time no legislation applied to children less than 8 years of age. The success of this pilot scheme suggests it should be expanded on a national scale.

scholarly journals Molecular diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in a slum area of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1063-1068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joycenea Matsuda Mendes ◽  
Silvia Maria Almeida Machado ◽  
Maria Cristina Lourenço ◽  
Rosa Maria Carvalho Ferreira ◽  
Leila de Souza Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Insertion Sequence ◽  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Molecular Study ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Primary Resistance ◽  
The City ◽  
Insight Into

This retrospective molecular study involving restriction fragment length polymorphism, using insertion sequence 6110 as a marker, was conducted in order to provide an initial insight into the genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains isolated in the slums of the Complexo de Manguinhos, located in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Of the 67 strains evaluated, 23 (34.3%) were found to belong to clusters (total clusters, 10). Household and social chains of transmission were associated with clustering, in 20% and 60%, respectively. Living in the Conjunto Habitacional Programado 2 slum was associated with clustering. Although not significant, it is relevant that 26% of the clustered strains presented primary resistance. These findings, although possibly underestimating the prevalence due to the failure to analyze all strains, could help improve the local tuberculosis control program.

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