scholarly journals Sex assessment from the proximal femur in a Spanish population based on three-dimensional computed tomography metric analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 1245-1252
Author(s):  
Mirjana Djorojevic ◽  
Concepción Roldán ◽  
Miguel Botella ◽  
Inmaculada Alemán
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Proximal Femur ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Clinical Images ◽  
Disaster Victims ◽  
Vertical Diameter

Background/Aim. The studies published in recent years have shown that the linear measurements on the three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) clinical images of the hip bone, skull or breastbone can serve as a reliable alternative method for sex estimation. In spite of the fact that the proximal femur exhibited high dimorphism when examining the skeletal material, there is still a lack of morphometric studies dealing with the CT imaging of this anatomical region that would confirm the relevance of the previously obtained results. The aim of this study was to validate the reliability and precision of some proximal femur measurements obtained in vivo from the 3D-CT models and to compare the accuracies of our findings with those formerly reported by other relevant research. Methods. A total of 146 CT scans (73 male and 73 females) were selected to take 6 measurements using the traditional osteometric methods. The 3D reconstruction was done at 1mm and 1.25 mm thick slices with OsiriX (v.4.1). The univariate and multivariate discriminant functions (DFs) were formulated for assessing sex. Results. The vertical diameter of neck and the vertical diameter of head were found to contribute the most when considered independently (90.4%?91.8%). When combining these with the other dimensions, the prediction accuracy increased up to 97.3%. The accuracy of CT measurements is in accordance with those obtained in the traditional morphometric studies on the skeletonized femurs of contemporary populations. The 3D-CT approach showed remarkably higher percentage of predictive ability in comparison with the 2D technique. Conclusion. 3D-CT is a suitable tool for the objective quantification of osteological data. The medical scans and measurements on living individuals offer a valuable source of data from which the highly reliable skeletal standards can be developed for estimating sex, even from the fragmented remains. The method proposed here can be highly useful especially in the identification of mass disaster victims when the direct osteometry is difficult to apply and maceration of the remains is not an option.

scholarly journals Applicability of 3D-CT facial reconstruction for forensic individual identification

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara dos Santos Rocha ◽  
Dalton Luiz de Paula Ramos ◽  
Marcelo de Gusmão Paraíso Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Volume Rendering ◽  
Standard Error ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Individual Identification ◽  
Forensic Dentistry ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Spiral Computed ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Made In

Computed tomography (CT) is used in several clinical dentistry applications even by axial slices and two and three-dimensional reconstructed images (2D-CT and 3D-CT). The purpose of the current study is to assess the precision of linear measurements made in 3D-CT using craniometric patterns for individual identification in Forensic Dentistry. Five cadaver heads were submitted to a spiral computed tomography using axial slices, and 3D-CT reconstructions were obtained by volume rendering technique with computer graphics tools. Ten (10) craniometric measurements were determined in 3D-CT images by two examiners independently, twice each, and the standard error of intra- and inter-examiner measurements was assessed. The results demonstrated a low standard error of those measurements, from 0.85% to 3.09%. In conclusion, the linear measurements obtained in osseous and soft tissue structures were considered to be precise in 3D-CT with high imaging quality and resolution.

scholarly journals An In Vivo 3D Micro-CT Evaluation of Tooth Movement After the Application of Different Force Magnitudes in Rat Molar

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Gonzales ◽  
Hitoshi Hotokezaka ◽  
Yoshinori Arai ◽  
Tadashi Ninomiya ◽  
Junya Tominaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tooth Movement ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Center Of Rotation ◽  
Ct Evaluation ◽  
Space Width

Abstract Objective: To investigate the precise longitudinal change in the periodontal ligament (PDL) space width and three-dimensional tooth movement with continuous-force magnitudes in living rats. Materials and Methods: Using nickel-titanium closed-coil springs for 28 days, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-g mesial force was applied to the maxillary left first molars. Micro-CT was taken in the same rat at 0, 1, 2, 3, 10, 14, and 28 days. The width of the PDL was measured in the pressure and tension sides from 0 to 3 days. Angular and linear measurements were used to evaluate molar position at day 0, 10, 14, and 28. The finite element model (FEM) was constructed to evaluate the initial stress distribution, molar displacement, and center of rotation of the molar. Results: The initial evaluation of PDL width showed no statistical differences among different force magnitudes. Tooth movement was registered 1 hour after force application and gradually increased with time. From day 10, greater tooth movement was observed when 10 g of force was applied. The FEM showed that the center of rotation in the molar is located in the center of five roots at the apical third of the molar roots. Conclusion: The rat's molar movement mainly consists of mesial tipping, extrusion of distal roots, intrusion of mesial root, palatal inclination, and mesial rotation. Although the initial tooth movement after the application of different force magnitudes until day 3 was not remarkably different, 10 g of force produced more tooth movement compared with heavier forces at day 28.

scholarly journals Lobectomy for lung cancer with a displaced left B1 + 2 and an anomalous pulmonary vein: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Sakamoto ◽  
Hiromitsu Takizawa ◽  
Naoya Kawakita ◽  
Akira Tangoku
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Pulmonary Vein ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Lower Lobe ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Anomalous Pulmonary Vein

Abstract Background A displaced left B1 + 2 accompanied by an anomalous pulmonary vein is a rare condition involving complex structures. There is a risk of unexpected injuries to bronchi and blood vessels when patients with such anomalies undergo surgery for lung cancer. Case presentation A 59-year-old male with suspected lung cancer in the left lower lobe was scheduled to undergo surgery. Chest computed tomography revealed a displaced B1 + 2 and hyperlobulation between S1 + 2 and S3, while the interlobar fissure between S1 + 2 and S6 was completely fused. Three-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) revealed an anomalous V1 + 2 joining the left inferior pulmonary vein and a branch of the V1 + 2 running between S1 + 2 and S6. We performed left lower lobectomy via video-assisted thoracic surgery, while taking care with the abovementioned anatomical structures. The strategy employed in this operation was to preserve V1 + 2 and confirm the locations of B1 + 2 and B6 when dividing the fissure. Conclusion The aim of the surgical procedure performed in this case was to divide the fissure between S1 + 2 and the inferior lobe to reduce the risk of an unexpected bronchial injury. 3D-CT helps surgeons to understand the stereoscopic positional relationships among anatomical structures.

scholarly journals Prognosis of pulmonary fibrosis presenting with a usual interstitial pneumonia pattern on computed tomography in patients with myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-related nephritis: a retrospective single-center study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshikazu Watanabe ◽  
Tomoyuki Minezawa ◽  
Midori Hasegawa ◽  
Yasuhiro Goto ◽  
Takuya Okamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Lung Fibrosis ◽  
Usual Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Antifibrotic Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background Myeloperoxidase anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-related nephritis (MPO-ANCA nephritis) is occasionally accompanied by lung abnormalities such as pulmonary fibrosis. However, the clinical features of pulmonary fibrosis in patients with MPO-ANCA nephritis have not been well documented. This study was performed to compare the prognosis of a usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern of lung fibrosis in patients with MPO-ANCA nephritis with the prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 126 patients with MPO-ANCA nephritis and identified 31 with a UIP pattern of lung fibrosis on high-resolution or thin-slice computed tomography (CT). We compared the characteristics and prognosis of these patients with those of 32 patients with IPF. In 18 patients from both groups, we assessed and compared the decline in lung volume over time using three-dimensional (3D) CT images reconstructed from thin-section CT data. Results The numbers of male and female patients were nearly equal among patients with MPO-ANCA nephritis exhibiting a UIP pattern; in contrast, significant male dominancy was observed among patients with IPF (p = 0.0021). Significantly fewer smokers were present among the patients with MPO-ANCA nephritis with a UIP pattern than among those with IPF (p = 0.0062). There was no significant difference in the median survival time between patients with MPO-ANCA nephritis with a UIP pattern (50.8 months) and IPF (55.8 months; p = 0.65). All patients with IPF in this cohort received antifibrotic therapy (pirfenidone or nintedanib). Almost half of the deaths that occurred in patients with MPO-ANCA nephritis with a UIP pattern were caused by non-respiratory-related events, whereas most deaths in patients with IPF were caused by respiratory failure such as acute exacerbation. In the 3D CT lung volume analyses, the rate of decline in lung volume was equivalent in both groups. Conclusions MPO-ANCA nephritis with a UIP pattern on CT may have an unfavorable prognosis equivalent to that of IPF with a UIP pattern treated with antifibrotic agents.

scholarly journals Cone Beam Computed Tomography 3D Reconstruction of the Mandibular Condyle

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 880-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Schlueter ◽  
Ki Beom Kim ◽  
Donald Oliver ◽  
Gus Sortiropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mandibular Condyle ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Linear Measurements

Abstract Objective: To determine the ideal window level and width needed for cone beam computed three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of the condyle. Materials and Methods: Linear dimensions were measured with a digital caliper to assess the anatomic truth for 50 dry human mandibular condyles. Condyles were scanned with the i-CAT cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and 3D-models were reconstructed. Three linear three-dimensional measurements were made on each of the 50 condyles at 8 different Hounsfield unit (HU) windows. These measurements were compared with the anatomic truth. Volumetric measurements were also completed on all 50 condyles, at 23 different window levels, to define the volumetric distribution of bone mineral density (BMD) within the condyle. Results: Significant differences were found in two of the three linear measurement groups at and below the recommended viewing window for osseous structures. The most accurate measurements were made within the soft tissue range for HU window levels. Volumetric distribution measurements revealed that the condyles were mostly comprised of low-density bone, and that condyles exhibiting significant changes in linear measurements were shown to have higher percentages of low-density bone than those condyles with little change from the anatomic truth. Conclusions: CBCT assessment of the mandibular condyle, using the 3D reconstruction, is most accurate when accomplished at density levels below that recommended for osseous examination. However, utilizing lower window levels which extend into the soft tissue range, may compromise one's capacity to view the bony topography.

Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography (3D-CT) was Useful for the Diagnosis of Auditory Ossicular Anomaly and Traumatic Ossicular Dislocation: Three Case Reports

2012 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akiko Nishida ◽  
Rie Kanai ◽  
Yoshihiro Tamura ◽  
Takuya Tsuji ◽  
Fumiko Kuboshima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Ct

Fluoroscopy-guided sacroplasty: special focus on preoperative planning from three-dimensional computed tomography

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 1042-1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ø. Gjertsen ◽  
T. Schellhorn ◽  
P. H. Nakstad
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pain Relief ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Insufficiency Fractures ◽  
Multiplanar Reconstructions ◽  
Sacral Insufficiency Fractures

Background: Osteoporotic sacral insufficiency fractures are usually spontaneous or caused by discrete traumas. The fluoroscopic anatomy of the sacrum can be difficult to understand, and this is why sacroplasty is considered more challenging than ordinary vertebroplasties. Purpose: To demonstrate the planning of the procedure and the effectiveness of treatment with sacroplasty by means of three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) by combining multiplanar reconstructions (MPR) and volume-rendering technique (VRT). Material and Methods: Five elderly, osteoporotic patients with intense pelvic and hip pain underwent weeks of inconclusive clinical and radiological diagnostic efforts. Correct diagnosis was finally attained with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and CT. Plain radiographs rarely show fractures, and MR or CT examinations are necessary to demonstrate longitudinal fractures. The procedures were performed with digital biplane equipment using preoperative 3D CT planning procedures. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) was injected to fill the fracture sites. Results: The fractures were successfully treated with sacroplasty using PMMA. A new technique, which involves placing the needles along the long axis of the sacrum, was optimized to the individual patients’ fractures and sacral anatomy by meticulous planning on a workstation with 3D CT data sets. It was technically successful in all five cases. Four of the five patients had sustained pain relief. Conclusion: Sacral insufficiency fractures are not uncommon and should be considered in the elderly population with low back pain. Sacroplasty using the optimized “long-axis technique” gave almost immediate pain relief for all five patients in our study material. No complications were observed.

scholarly journals Interpretation of mandibular condyle fractures using 2D- and 3D-computed tomography

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Paula de Andrade da Costa e Silva ◽  
José Leopoldo Ferreira Antunes ◽  
Marcelo Gusmão Paraiso Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mandibular Condyle ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
3D Ct ◽  
Bone Fragments ◽  
Craniofacial Trauma ◽  
Effective Diagnosis ◽  
2D And 3D

Computed tomography (CT) has been increasingly used in the examination of patients with craniofacial trauma. This technique is useful in the examination of the temporomandibular joint and allows the diagnosis of fractures of the mandibular condyle. Aiming to verify whether the three-dimensional reconstructed images from CT (3D-CT) produce more effective visual information than the two-dimensional (2D-CT) ones, we evaluated 2D-CT and 3D-CT examinations of 18 patients with mandibular condyle fractures. We observed that 2D-CT and 3D-CT reconstructed images produced similar information for the diagnosis of fractures of the mandibular condyle, although the 3D-CT allowed a better visualization of the position and displacement of bone fragments, as well as the comminution of fractures. These results, together with the possibility of refining and manipulating perspectives in 3D images, reinforce the importance of its use in the surgical planning and evaluation of treatment. We concluded that 3D-CT presented supplementary information for a more effective diagnosis of mandibular condyle fractures.

Three-dimensional reconstruction based on images from spiral high-resolution computed tomography of the temporal bone: anatomy and clinical application

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (9) ◽  
pp. 693-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beom-Cho Jun ◽  
Sun-Wha Song ◽  
Ju-Eun Cho ◽  
Chan-Soon Park ◽  
Dong-Hee Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Surface Rendering ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography

The aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of computed tomography (CT) images in determining the anatomy and topographic relationship between various important structures. Using 40 ears from 20 patients with various otological diseases, a 3D reconstruction based on the image data from spiral high-resolution CT was performed by segmentation, volume-rendering and surface-rendering algorithms on a personal computer. The 3D display of the middle and inner ear structures was demonstrated in detail. Computer-assisted measurements, many of which could not be easily measured in vivo, of the reconstructed structures provided accurate anatomic details that improved the surgeon’s understanding of spatial relationships. A 3D reconstruction of temporal bone CT might be useful for education and increasing understanding of the anatomical structures of the temporal bone. However, it will be necessary to confirm the correlation between the 3D reconstructed images and histological sections through a validation study.

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