scholarly journals Irony, deception and theory of mind in people with intellectual disabilities and dual diagnoses

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 620-630
Author(s):  
Mirjana Djordjevic ◽  
Nenad Glumbic ◽  
Branislav Brojcin
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Intellectual Functioning ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Speech Comprehension ◽  
First Order Theory ◽  
Comprehension Ability ◽  
Dual Diagnoses ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Background/Aim. The ability to comprehend and produce irony and deception is rarely explored in people with intellectual disability (ID) or dual diagnoses (DD). The ability to understand irony and deception appears to be related to many cognitive skills, but some authors point out that the theory of mind is one of the most important factors for this ability. This research was conducted to determine the linguistic aspects of production and comprehension of irony and deception in adults with ID and DD, as well as the relationship of these abilities with theory of mind. Methods. The sample consisted of 120 people with ID aged between 20 and 56. Half of the sample comprised people with DD. Four subscales from the Assessment Battery for Communication were used to assess the participants? abilities to produce and comprehend irony and deception. False-belief tasks from ?appearance-reality? category were used in theory of mind assessment. The level of intellectual functioning was measured by the Raven?s progressive matrices, while the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test was used to assess speech comprehension ability. Results. The results show that participants with DD and ID comprehend and produce false statements better than ironic ones. Participants with ID were more successful in production than in comprehension tasks of both false and ironic statements, while the same was true for participants with DD only for ironic statements. Participants with ID were significantly more successful than participants with DD in irony comprehension tasks. In participants with ID, first-order theory of mind significantly correlated only with the ability to produce irony, and second-order theory of mind significantly correlated with producing irony and deception. There were no significant correlations between theory of mind and producing and comprehending irony and deception in participants with DD. Conclusion. Although differences in some aspects of assessed abilities were found between the two groups of participants, the similarities in the profile of these abilities were dominant. Results of variability can be explained by differences in speech comprehension ability more than by differences in nonverbal intellectual functioning or theory of mind acquisition. Future studies should assess the influence of other cognitive factors.

Adaptive Behavior and Intelligence in Adolescents With Down Syndrome: An Exploratory Investigation

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Sabat ◽  
Marc Tassé ◽  
Marcela Tenorio
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Intellectual Functioning ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
Relationship Patterns ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Correlation Consistent ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Medium Correlation

Abstract Down syndrome (DS) is characterized by difficulties in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. These sets of abilities are considered as separate but related domains with small to moderate correlations. The main objective of this study was to explore the relationship of intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior in adolescents with DS because previous studies have shown different relationship patterns between these constructs across other syndromes. Fifty-three adolescents with DS were assessed regarding their intellectual functioning whereas adaptive behavior was reported by parents and teachers. Participants showed a better performance on verbal than nonverbal tasks when assessing intellectual functioning, contrary to previous findings. Regarding adaptive behavior, higher social skills were reported than conceptual and practical skills. Intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior showed a medium correlation, consistent with observations in typical population. These results support the exploration of the variability across the DS phenotype.

Comparative Study of Validity of the Wais and Quick Test as Predictors of Functioning Intelligence in a Psychiatric Facility

1978 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 971-974 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan A. Ciula ◽  
John J. Cody
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Intellectual Functioning ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Psychiatric Facility ◽  
Quick Test ◽  
Maximum Security ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
External Measure

Data describe the relationship of the WAIS and the Quick Test to an external measure of intellectual functioning in a group of 50 psychiatric patients in maximum security. Also examined were the relationships between the two tests. The Verbal and Full Scale WAIS IQs and Quick Test IQs were statistically comparable for this adult sample.

Theory of mind and executive functions in normal human aging and Parkinson's disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 781-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
JENNIFER SALTZMAN ◽  
ESTHER STRAUSS ◽  
MICHAEL HUNTER ◽  
SARAH ARCHIBALD
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Executive Functions ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Human Aging ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Although the majority of research in theory of mind (TOM) has focused on young children or individuals with autism, recent investigations have begun to look at TOM throughout the lifespan and in other neurological and psychiatric populations. Some have suggested that TOM may represent a dissociable, modular brain system that is related to, but separable, from other brain functions including executive functions (EF). Recently, studies have shown that TOM performance can be compromised following an acquired brain insult (e.g, damage to the right hemisphere). However, the relationship of such impaired TOM performance to other brain functions in these cases has not been explored. This study investigated the effects of both normal human aging and Parkinson's disease on TOM. The relationship of TOM performance and EF in these groups was also examined. The results suggested that although TOM performance appeared compromised in the group of individuals with Parkinson's disease, the elderly control participants were relatively unimpaired relative to younger individuals. Significant relationships between several measures of TOM and EF were also found. The implications of these findings, and also the finding that failure on one measure of TOM did not necessarily predict failure on all measures of TOM, are discussed. (JINS, 2000, 6, 781–788.)

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