scholarly journals Optimal decisions on software release and post-release testing: A unified approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Vivek Kumar ◽  
Saurabh Panwar ◽  
P.K. Kapur ◽  
Ompal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Change Point ◽  
Reliability Estimation ◽  
Release Time ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Decision Variables ◽  
Multi Attribute Utility Theory ◽  
Software Release ◽  
Termination Time

In this research, a novel approach is developed where a testing team delivers the software product first and extends the testing process for additional time in the user environment. During the operational phase, users also participate in the fault detection process and notify the defects to the software. In this study, a reliability growth model is proposed using a unified approach based on the expenditure of efforts during the testing process. Besides, debugging process is considered imperfect as new faults may enter the software during each fault removal. The developed model further considers that the developer's rate of defect identification changes with a software release. Thus, the software time-to-market acts as a change-point for the failure observation phenomenon. It is asserted that the accuracy of a software reliability estimation improves by implementing the concept of change-point. The main aim of the paper is to evaluate the optimal release time and testing termination time based on two attributes, particularly, reliability, and cost. A multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT) is applied to find a trade-off between the two conflicting attributes. Finally, a numerical example is presented by using the historical fault count data. The behavior of two decision variables is measured and compared with the existing release time strategy.

Multi-Attribute Utility Theory for Estimation of Optimal Release Time and Change-Point

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuka Minamino ◽  
Shinji Inoue ◽  
Shigeru Yamada
Keyword(s):  
Change Point ◽  
Utility Theory ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Evaluation Criterion ◽  
Release Time ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Software Cost ◽  
Multi Attribute Utility Theory ◽  
Software Release ◽  
Point Total

Existing optimal software release problems have been discussed by using an evaluation criterion such as cost, reliability, delivery. When we use the methods by those evaluation criteria, the optimal release time is determined by an evaluation criterion. However, it is more realistic that we determine the optimal release time with multiple attributes. Therefore, in this study, we estimate the optimal release time by using multi-attribute utility theory (MAUT). Since MAUT is one of utility theories, we can estimate an optimal release time and change-point from the perspective of utility by maximizing the multi-attribute utility function. Especially, we consider the both of two attributes: cost and reliability. Then, we apply a software reliability growth model (SRGM) with change-point to represent the cost and reliability attributes. Concretely, we use an exponential SRGM with change-point. That is, we can estimate not only the optimal release time but also change-point. Finally, we show numerical examples by using actual data sets. Especially, we check the behavior of the optimal release time, change-point, total software cost and utility.

scholarly journals Determining Software Time-to-Market and Testing Stop Time when Release Time is a Change-Point

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ompal Singh ◽  
Saurabh Panwar ◽  
P. K. Kapur
Keyword(s):  
Change Point ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Release Time ◽  
Optimal Time ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Reliability Growth ◽  
Numerical Illustration ◽  
Time To Market ◽  
Software Product ◽  
Software Release

In software engineering literature, numerous software reliability growth models have been designed to evaluate and predict the reliability of the software products and to measure the optimal time-to-market of the software systems. Most existing studies on software release time assessment assumes that when software is released, its testing process is terminated. In practice, however, the testing team releases the software product first and continues the testing process for an added period in the operational phase. Therefore, in this study, a coherent reliability growth model is developed to predict the expected reliability of the software product. The debugging process is considered imperfect as new faults can be introduced into the software during each fault removal. The proposed model assumes that the fault observation rate of the testing team modifies after the software release. The release time of the software is therefore regarded as the change-point. It has been established that the veracity of the performance of the growth models escalates by incorporating the change-point theory. A unified approach is utilized to model the debugging process wherein both testers and users simultaneously identify the faults in the post-release testing phase. A joint optimization problem is formulated based on the two decision criteria: cost and reliability. In order to assimilate the manager’s preferences over these two criteria, a multi-criteria decision-making technique known as multi-attribute utility theory is employed. A numerical illustration is further presented by using actual data sets from the software project to determine the optimal software time-to-market and testing termination time.

SOFTWARE RELEASE TIME BASED ON DIFFERENT MULTI-ATTRIBUTE UTILITY FUNCTIONS

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (04) ◽  
pp. 1350012 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. KAPUR ◽  
V. B. SINGH ◽  
OMPAL SINGH ◽  
JYOTISH N. P. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Utility Theory ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Release Time ◽  
Strategic Value ◽  
Software Product ◽  
Multi Attribute Utility Theory ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Software Release ◽  
Financial Losses ◽  
Weighted Combination

The decision to release a software product will become an even more complex and important decision. A decision has strategic value when it has the potential for large prospective financial losses to a software manufacturer or its customers or end-users. A software release decision is a tradeoff between early release to capture the benefits of an earlier market introduction and the deferral of product release to the reliability. If a software product is released too early, the software manufacturer incurs post-release costs of later fixing failures. If a software product is released too late, the additional development cost and the opportunity cost of missing a market window could be substantial. These two attribute reliability and cost need to be combined to determine the optimal release time of software. This paper proposes a new practical method for determining when to stop software testing considering reliability and cost as two factors simultaneously. The proposed new decision model is based on three different weighted combination of utility function in Multi-attribute utility theory.

Optimal Software Release Policies with Debugging Time Lag

1997 ◽  
Vol 04 (03) ◽  
pp. 241-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadashi Dohi ◽  
Naoto Kaio ◽  
Shunji Osaki
Keyword(s):  
Error Detection ◽  
Software Maintenance ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Release Time ◽  
Software Release ◽  
Software Reliability Growth ◽  
Operation Phase ◽  
Non Homogeneous Poisson Process

This paper presents a new stochastic model for determining the optimal release time for a computer software in testing phase, taking account of the debugging time lag. In the earlier works, most of software release models were considered, but it was assumed that an error detected can be removed instantaneously. In other words, none discussed quantitatively the effect of the software maintenance action in the optimal software release time. Main purpose of this work is to relate the optimal software release policy with the arrival-service process on the software operation phase by users. We use the Non-Homogeneous Poisson Process (NHPP) type of software reliability growth models as the software error detection phenomena and obtain the optimal software release policies minimizing the expected total software costs. As a result, the usage circumstance of a software in operation phase gives a monotone effect to the software release planning.

Faculty Perceptions and Participation in Distance Education

2011 ◽  
pp. 75-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim E. Dooley ◽  
Jane Magill
Keyword(s):  
Distance Education ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Faculty Perceptions ◽  
Faculty Training ◽  
Release Time ◽  
Additional Time ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Training ◽  
Faculty Responsibility

Motivating faculty members to teach at a distance has been a challenge for most colleges and universities. What will be the impact of teaching using technology on faculty responsibility? Is teaching students through any or all distance education methods really nothing more than adapting traditional classroom approaches? What are the attitudes and barriers to using technologies often associated with distance education? In this chapter the authors present data obtained from an extensive survey of faculty opinions on teaching at a distance, as well as several case studies describing incentives and training made available for distance education. To enhance participation in distance education, faculty must have the competence, attitude that distance education is important and valuable, and infrastructure available to facilitate the additional time and effort to convert courses. Faculty training programs cannot be “one-shot” and should include personnel in close proximity to faculty, preferable on their own equipment. Release time is an important incentive to encourage participation.

scholarly journals Zinc concentrations in teeth of female walruses reflect the onset of reproductive maturity

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey T Clark ◽  
Lara Horstmann ◽  
Nicole Misarti
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Change Point ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Research Management ◽  
Pacific Walrus ◽  
Reproductive Maturity ◽  
Demographic Models ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Incremental Growth

Abstract Age at maturity is an important parameter in many demographic models and, for some species, can be difficult to obtain using traditional methods. Incremental growth structures act as biological archives, recording information throughout an organism’s life and possibly allowing for the reconstruction of life history events. Concentrations of zinc (Zn) in animal tissues are known to be linked to life history, physiology and reproduction and may be retained in incremental growth structures. This study reconstructed lifetime Zn concentrations in teeth (n = 93) of female Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) collected from 1932–2016. Zn displayed a characteristic pattern of accumulation, with a change point marking the beginning of a lifelong, linear increase in Zn concentrations. We hypothesized that this change point marks the onset of reproductive maturity. The age at which the change point occurred (agecp) was estimated by counting tooth cementum growth layers. These estimates closely matched literature values of timing of first ovulation in female walruses. Total number of ovulations (estimated from ovary corpora counts from paired tooth/ovary specimens) was closely related to reproductive lifespan (total lifespan – agecp; R2 = 0.70). Further, agecp tracked changes in Pacific walrus population size as a proportion of carrying capacity, decreasing when the population was depleted by commercial hunting and peaking when carrying capacity was exceeded. This novel approach will aid walrus management, and is likely applicable to other species, offering a potentially powerful tool for research, management and conservation of wildlife populations.

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