scholarly journals Student prosocial behavior and academic achievement

2004 ◽  
pp. 131-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Spasenovic
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Teacher Expectations ◽  
School Context ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Prosocial Skills ◽  
Teaching Content ◽  
And Behavior

The paper considers correlation between student prosocial behavior and academic achievement. Attention first focuses on the issue of prosocial behavior defining, making it operational and measuring it. Next consideration is given to the ways that prosocial behavior contributes to academic achievement. It is thought that prosocial behavior can produce indirect effects on student prosocial behavior because it is bound to certain academically relevant forms of behavior leading to successful learning and work. Also, correlation is interpreted by means of teacher?s preferences of prosocial students, which is reflected in teacher expectations and behavior towards students but in evaluating their work too. In addition, prosocial behavior may produce direct effects, for it is through peer prosocial interactions that positive intellectual exchange is performed, which contributes to more successful mastering of teaching content. The paper provides a survey of investigations whose results indicate that there exists correlation between student prosocial behavior and academic achievement. Also, consideration is given to possible methods and treatments for encouraging prosocial behavior in school context, especially the role of teacher in the process and the importance of the program for promoting student prosocial skills.

scholarly journals The Role of Flexibility in the Realization of Inclusive Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4452
Author(s):  
Laura Lübke ◽  
Martin Pinquart ◽  
Malte Schwinger
Keyword(s):  
Social Skills ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Behavioral Disturbances ◽  
Teachers Attitudes ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Mainstream Students

This study focused on associations between teachers’ flexibility and their use of evidence-based strategies in inclusive education in a sample of N = 119 teachers. Flexibility showed direct effects on teachers’ attitudes towards the achievement of mainstream students and students with learning difficulties, attitudes towards social benefits of inclusion for students with emotional and behavioral disturbances, and on teachers’ self-efficacy regarding the support of students’ social skills. Furthermore, indirect effects of flexibility on intentions and behavior regarding the support of social skills were found. The findings emphasize the importance of teachers’ flexibility in the realization of inclusive education.

scholarly journals Liquidity constraints, spillovers, and entrepreneurship: evidence from a cash transfer program

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 1131-1158
Author(s):  
Rafael P. Ribas
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Financial Constraints ◽  
Liquidity Constraints ◽  
Cash Transfer ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Transfer Program ◽  
Liquidity Shocks ◽  
Liquidity Shock

Abstract This paper exploits a liquidity shock from a welfare program in Brazil to investigate the role of financial constraints, in opposition to general equilibrium mechanisms, in explaining entrepreneurship. Previous research focuses exclusively on how liquidity changes recipients’ behavior through direct effects on reducing constraints. However, liquidity shocks may also produce spillovers from recipients to others and thereby indirectly affect entrepreneurial decisions. This paper presents a method for decomposing the liquidity shock into direct effects associated with relieving individual constraints, and indirect effects associated with spillovers to other individuals. Results suggest that the program, which assists 20 percent of Brazilian households, increased the number of small entrepreneurs by 10 percent. However, this increase is entirely driven by the indirect effect. Further tests suggest that this effect is associated with an increase in private transfers between households. Thus, entrepreneurship tends to respond more to the interaction between households than to financial constraints.

scholarly journals The dual role of chloride in synaptic vesicle glutamate transport

eLife ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Chang ◽  
Jacob Eriksen ◽  
Robert H Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Synaptic Vesicle ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Synaptic Vesicles ◽  
Transmembrane Domain ◽  
Dose Dependence ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Allosteric Activation ◽  
Vesicular Glutamate Transporters ◽  
Cl Conductance

The transport of glutamate into synaptic vesicles exhibits an unusual form of regulation by Cl- as well as an associated Cl- conductance. To distinguish direct effects of Cl- on the transporter from indirect effects via the driving force Δψ, we used whole endosome recording and report the first currents due to glutamate flux by the vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs). Chloride allosterically activates the VGLUTs from both sides of the membrane, and we find that neutralization of an arginine in transmembrane domain four suffices for the lumenal activation. The dose dependence suggests that Cl- permeates through a channel and glutamate through a transporter. Competition between the anions nonetheless indicates that they use a similar permeation pathway. By controlling both ionic gradients and Δψ, endosome recording isolates different steps in the process of synaptic vesicle filling, suggesting distinct roles for Cl- in both allosteric activation and permeation.

Test, Revision, and Cross-Validation of the Physical Activity Self-Definition Model

2009 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 484-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Kendzierski ◽  
Mara S. Morganstein
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Perceived Ability ◽  
Partial Invariance ◽  
Using Data

Structural equation modeling was used to test an extended version of the Kendzierski, Furr, and Schiavoni (1998) Physical Activity Self-Definition Model. A revised model using data from 622 runners fit the data well. Cross-validation indices supported the revised model, and this model also provided a good fit to data from 397 cyclists. Partial invariance was found across activities. In both samples, perceived commitment and perceived ability had direct effects on self-definition, and perceived wanting, perceived trying, and enjoyment had indirect effects. The contribution of perceived ability to self-definition did not differ across activities. Implications concerning the original model, indirect effects, skill salience, and the role of context in self-definition are discussed.

scholarly journals The effects of five public information campaigns: The role of interpersonal communication

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (s1) ◽  
pp. 586-602
Author(s):  
Adriana Solovei ◽  
Bas van den Putte
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Media Exposure ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Information Campaigns ◽  
Effects Of Media

AbstractFor five Dutch public information campaigns, this study assessed whether interpersonal communication mediated the effects of exposure (to TV, radio, or online banners) on five persuasive outcomes: awareness, knowledge, attitude, intention, and self-reported behavior. Structural equation modeling was used to test 23 models relating exposure to one of these outcome variables. Few direct effects of media exposure were found (for online banners, TV, and radio in, respectively, one, four, and seven of the 23 models). In contrast, results revealed that interpersonal communication had direct effects on the outcomes in 17 of the 23 models. Moreover, indirect effects of media exposure via interpersonal communication were found for online banner, TV, and radio exposure in, respectively, eight, nine, and ten models. These results indicate that interpersonal communication plays an important role in explaining media exposure persuasive effects and should be taken into account in the development and evaluation of public information campaigns.

The role of genetics in stress effects on health and addiction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony W Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Life Stress ◽  
Early Life Stress ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Stress Effects ◽  
Motivated Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Stress And Health

Advances in stress research have yielded insights into how stress exposure, in combination with genetics, can contribute to poor health outcomes. We review these topics with a special emphasis on early life stress and vulnerability to addiction. The direct effects of stress and our compensatory responses can modify our physiology and behavior during future stress episodes. These consequences can influence health, including an increased propensity for addiction. The relation between stress and health is not uniform across individuals. Some people succumb to stress-related disorders while others are resilient. Specific genetic variations can affect how an individual appraises and responds to stress, potentially mediating the impact of stress on health. These genetic vulnerabilities can influence responses to the external environment, shape motivated behavior, and have an impact on health throughout life.

scholarly journals The Role of Strategic Emotional Intelligence in Predicting Adolescents’ Academic Achievement: Possible Interplays with Verbal Intelligence and Personality

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 13166
Author(s):  
Zorana Jolić Marjanović ◽  
Ana Altaras Dimitrijević ◽  
Sonja Protić ◽  
José M. Mestre
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Emotion Understanding ◽  
Emotion Management ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Verbal Intelligence ◽  
Moderation Model ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
The Given

As recent meta-analyses confirmed that emotional intelligence (EI), particularly strategic EI, adjoins intelligence and personality in predicting academic achievement, we explored possible arrangements in which these predictors affect the given outcome in adolescents. Three models, with versions including either overall strategic EI or its branches, were considered: (a) a mediation model, whereby strategic EI partially mediates the effects of verbal intelligence (VI) and personality on achievement; the branch-level version assumed that emotion understanding affects achievement in a cascade via emotion management; (b) a direct effects model, with strategic EI/branches placed alongside VI and personality as another independent predictor of achievement; and (c) a moderation model, whereby personality moderates the effects of VI and strategic EI/branches on achievement. We tested these models in a sample of 227 students (M = 16.50 years) and found that both the mediation and the direct effects model with overall strategic EI fit the data; there was no support for a cascade within strategic EI, nor for the assumption that personality merely moderates the effects of abilities on achievement. Principally, strategic EI both mediated the effects of VI and openness, and independently predicted academic achievement, and it did so through emotion understanding directly, “skipping” emotion management.

Associations between perceived parental psychological control and internalizing difficulties in emerging adulthood

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1227-1240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Ingoglia ◽  
Cristiano Inguglia ◽  
Francesca Liga ◽  
Alida Lo Coco
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Psychological Control ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Parental Control ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Parental Psychological Control ◽  
Internalizing Difficulties

Our study investigated the associations among two expressions of perceived parental psychological control (dependency-oriented parental control [DPC] and achievement-oriented parental control [APC]), identity, and internalizing difficulties among college-attending emerging adults. In particular, our aim was to examine the potential role of identity in the pathways linking both DPC and APC to internalizing difficulties. Our participants included 495 Italian college students (49% males), between 19 and 28 years of age (mean = 23.37 years, standard deviation = 2.35). Our findings highlighted the existence of associations between APC, identity, and internalizing difficulties. Specifically, APC was negatively related to identity that, in turn, was related to both anxiety and depressive symptoms. Moreover, APC showed direct effects on internalizing difficulties, whereas DPC had neither direct nor indirect effects on the outcomes. Overall, our findings highlighted the importance of examining the different contribution of the two forms of parental psychological control to emerging adults’ internalizing difficulties via identity.

Relations Among Teacher Rankings, Pupil-Teacher Interactions, and Academic Achievement: A Test of the Teacher Expectancy Hypothesis

1978 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally R. Luce ◽  
Robert D. Hoge
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Teacher Expectations ◽  
Achievement Test ◽  
Teacher Interactions ◽  
Achievement Test Scores ◽  
Expectancy Effect ◽  
Teacher Expectancy

The framework for this study was a model of teacher expectancy postulating links between teacher expectations, teacher and pupil behaviors, and academic achievement. The model was tested by exploring relations among teacher rankings of pupils, observations of pupil attentiveness, observations of teacher-pupil interactions, and standarized achievement test scores. Significant relations were obtained between teacher rankings and certain of the behavior categories, between behaviors and achievement, and between teacher rankings and achievement. It was concluded from the analyses, however, that a teacher expectancy effect was not operating in this situation as a determinant of achievement. The measurement of teacher expectations and the role of IQ in the behavior-achievement relation are also discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document