scholarly journals Components in models of learning: Different operationalisations and relations between components

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-85
Author(s):  
Snezana Mirkov
Keyword(s):  
Learning Styles ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Approaches To Learning ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Constructive Learning ◽  
Approach To Learning ◽  
School Learning

This paper provides the presentation of different operationalisations of components in different models of learning. Special emphasis is on the empirical verifications of relations between components. Starting from the research of congruence between learning motives and strategies, underlying the general model of school learning that comprises different approaches to learning, we have analyzed the empirical verifications of factor structure of instruments containing the scales of motives and learning strategies corresponding to these motives. Considering the problems in the conceptualization of the achievement approach to learning, we have discussed the ways of operational sing the goal orientations and exploring their role in using learning strategies, especially within the model of the regulation of constructive learning processes. This model has served as the basis for researching learning styles that are the combination of a large number of components. Complex relations between the components point to the need for further investigation of the constructs involved in various models. We have discussed the findings and implications of the studies of relations between the components involved in different models, especially between learning motives/goals and learning strategies. We have analyzed the role of regulation in the learning process, whose elaboration, as indicated by empirical findings, can contribute to a more precise operationalisation of certain learning components.

scholarly journals The impact of the level of parental involvement and parental demands on students' attitudes to learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-86
Author(s):  
Ranka Perućica ◽  
Olivera Kalajdžić
Keyword(s):  
Parental Involvement ◽  
Goal Orientation ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Approaches To Learning ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Approach To Learning ◽  
Learning Goal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
The Impact

The attitudes that parents have towards learning are very significant for the forming of staudents' attitudes towards learning. The importance of this study lies in uncovering the extent to which students' own attitudes to learning depend on the level of parental involvement and parental demands, and the extent to which the insights obtained can be used as the basis for determining the manner in which parents should be engaged in and devote attention to their children's learning. In this paper, students' attitudes to learning were observed through two variables, namely students' learning goal orientation and their approaches to learning. The research sample consisted of 802 seventh-, eighthand ninth-grade primary school students. We started from the assumption that certain differences exist among the given variables. For the purposes of the study we used an instrument for measuring students' approach to learning, an instrument for measuring learning goal orientations and an instrument for measuring the level of demands and the level of support in the family environment. The reliability of the instruments was verified through Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The data obtained indicate that there is a statistically significant difference in learning goal orientations and approaches to learning among students depending on the level of parental demands and the level of parental involvement. Students whose parents provide high levels of support are more likely to have mastery goal orientation and an in-depth approach to learning, regardless of the level of demands. The pedagogical recommendation that can be made based on the results is that parents should provide their children with a high level of support for learning so that they can achieve the best possible results.

scholarly journals The Perceived Role of L2 English in the Process of Learning L3 German

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ágnes T. Balla
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Third Language ◽  
The Third ◽  
L1 And L2

Abstract The central aim of my research is to investigate the third language learning processes of L1 Hungarian high-school learners learning L2 English and L3 German. More specifically, I aim at revealing to what extent Hungarian learners rely on their knowledge of their L1 and L2 as well as on the learning strategies they have developed while learning their L2.

scholarly journals Learning approaches and studies of effect of environmental factors

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Mirkov
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Approaches To Learning ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
3P Model

There is a presentation of 3P model of learning (Presage-Process-Product), which comprises learning approaches placed in a wider context of the set of variables related to personality, environment, process and outcomes of learning. Three approaches to learning - surface, deep and achievement-oriented - consist of motives and the corresponding learning strategies. There is a discussion of the findings and implications of a great deal of research using the instruments based on this model. We analyzed research findings about the effect of instruction on learning approaches acquired by pupils, and especially students. It is shown how based on learning approach employed by pupils it is possible to draw conclusions about the quality of instruction. Testing the instruments on various samples indicates that the model is applicable in different cultures. Cross-cultural research opened up the problem of relation between memorising and understanding. Further research is necessary, both empirical and theoretical, that is, development of conceptualization of these constructs, and especially their role in education. Perspectives for further research also open up in the direction of studying various factors connected with personality and their relations with learning approaches. The role of learning approaches of teachers in developing the learning approaches of pupils is yet to be examined.

scholarly journals Detecting Learning Strategies with Analytics: Links with Self-reported Measures and Academic Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dragan Gasevic ◽  
Jelena Jovanovic ◽  
Abelardo Pardo ◽  
Shane Dawson
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Flipped Classroom ◽  
Approaches To Learning ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Deep Approach ◽  
Approach To Learning ◽  
Trace Data ◽  
Deep Approach To Learning ◽  
And Performance

The use of analytic methods for extracting learning strategies from trace data has attracted considerable attention in the literature. However, there is a paucity of research examining any association between learning strategies extracted from trace data and responses to well-established self-report instruments and performance scores. This paper focuses on the link between the learning strategies identified in the trace data and student reported approaches to learning. The paper reports on the findings of a study conducted in the scope of an undergraduate engineering course (N=144) that followed a flipped classroom design. The study found that learning strategies extracted from trace data can be interpreted in terms of deep and surface approaches to learning. The detected significant links with self-report measures are with small effect sizes for both the overall deep approach to learning scale and the deep strategy scale. However, there was no observed significance linking the surface approach to learning and surface strategy nor were there significant associations with motivation scales of approaches to learning. The significant effects on academic performance were found, and consistent with the literature that used self-report instruments showing that students who followed a deep approach to learning had a significantly higher performance.

Epistemological Exploration: Generalization of Learning Styles and Analytical Skills between Academic and Religious Materials

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 1083-1088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alida S. Westman ◽  
Nicholas A. Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Learning Styles ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Learning Style ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Deep Processing ◽  
Elaborative Processing ◽  
Analytical Skills

Among 139 students (mean age 21.8, SD = 3.5), use of Schmeck's Deep Processing learning style (looking for conceptual understanding) on academic materials correlated modestly with its use on religious materials. The same was true for Elaborative Processing (looking for associations and applications). Both Deep and Elaborative Processing of academic materials correlated with better Analytical Skills. Only Elaborative Processing of religious materials correlated with Religiousness. Religiousness correlated with poorer Analytical Skills on academic materials and with a more Concrete Divine Concept; however, specific religious affiliation made a difference. Our understanding of the role of contents of materials and characteristics of learners on the types of learning strategies used and competence with cognitive skills is still very limited.

A Serial Mediation Approach to Goal Orientations, Learning Strategies and Achievement Outcomes on a Computer-Mediated English Program

2021 ◽  
pp. 073563312199590
Author(s):  
Damian J. Rivers
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Goal Orientations ◽  
Mediated Learning ◽  
Approach To Learning ◽  
Mastery Orientation ◽  
Computer Mediated ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
Approach Orientation ◽  
Serial Mediation ◽  
English Program

Computer-mediated learning initiatives have recently increased due to the novel coronavirus pandemic. Implications are thus created for self-regulation, learning and achievement as computer-mediated learners face unique motivational and metacognitive demands. The current research uses a serial mediation approach to test the effect of goal orientations and the mediatory role of learning strategies on achievement among 195 Japanese university students on a 24-month computer-mediated English program. The tested model shows a good fit to the data and accounts for 28.5% of the achievement variance. Direct effects are observed between a performance-approach orientation and achievement. Mediation effects are also observed between a performance-approach orientation and achievement via a strategic approach to learning. In contrast, the effect of a mastery orientation on achievement is mediated via a strategic approach to learning. A mediated serial effect is also observed between a mastery orientation and achievement via a deep and strategic approach to learning. The challenges facing teachers and students of computer-mediated learning solutions in English as a foreign language (EFL) education and the importance of providing an informed experience that facilitates, supports and rewards adaptive motivations and approaches to learning are discussed.

Promoting the school learning processes: principals as learning boundary spanners

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 878-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Benoliel ◽  
Chen Schechter
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Integration ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
External Boundary ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Learning Improvement ◽  
Competing Demands ◽  
School Learning ◽  
Role Of The Principal

Purpose The ongoing challenge to sustain school learning and improvement requires schools to explore new ways, and at the same time exploit previous experience. The purpose of this paper is to attempt to expand the knowledge of mechanisms that can facilitate school learning processes by proposing boundary activities and learning mechanisms in which principals can engage to promote learning processes. Design/methodology/approach The authors refer to Bourdieu’s theoretical approach that human actions occur within fields of interaction. The authors delineate principals’ internal and external boundary activities as mechanisms for promoting school learning processes while acknowledging that principals are embedded within competing fields, encompassing demands from the economic, political, and even global fields. The authors discuss how the principal boundary activities can not only facilitate the exploitation of knowledge embedded in the school system, but also the exploration of external knowledge across multiple fields of interaction. The authors then present the principal learning mechanisms as complementary activities to school learning improvement. Findings Promoting school learning processes may require constant management of the school learning boundary so that the school neither becomes isolated from its environment nor loses its capacity for knowledge integration and exploitation. The boundary activities, combined with learning mechanisms, can enable the principal to balance these competing demands. Originality/value The organizational learning processes of exploration and exploitation have been under-investigated in the educational context, as to the role of the principal in balancing the tension between these processes. This study conceptualizes boundary activities and learning mechanisms, suggesting a framework through which principals can engage to promote school learning.

scholarly journals Online Learning Strategies in Universities during the COVID-19 Pandemic

JUDICIOUS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127
Author(s):  
Indah Kusumawati
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Learning Processes ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Learning Needs ◽  
Online Systems ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Media Learning

In the COVID-19 pandemic, where all lines of human life were affected, we need to think of learning processes and strategies that can reduce face-to-face, where in this process we use online systems because they are more flexible and efficient in meeting learning needs, in related online models, utilization media, learning styles, and types of communication used by students, out of 150 students who were used as research samples from the Faculty of Economics at the Muhammadiyah University of Tangerang in the COVID-19 pandemic, the result was that 70% of the students of the Faculty of Economics at Muhammadiyah University in Tangerang were familiar with various patterns the learning. Students most like the learning system through WhatsApp and Google Classroom, in addition it needs further research to research on this online problem-based, collaborative, and other models.

College Students’ Conceptions of Learning of and Approaches to Learning Computer Science

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 662-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthikeyan Umapathy ◽  
Albert D. Ritzhaupt ◽  
Zhen Xu
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Approaches To Learning ◽  
Internal Consistency Reliability ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Conceptions Of Learning ◽  
Approach To Learning ◽  
Research Institution ◽  
Moderating Factors

The purpose of this research was to examine college students’ conceptions of learning computer science and approaches to learning computer science and to examine the relationships among these two important constructs and possible moderating factors. Student data ( N = 193) were collected using the conceptions of learning computer science and the approaches to learning computer science surveys at one public research institution in the southeastern United States. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, Confirmatory Factor Analysis models, internal consistency reliability, Pearson correlations, stepwise multiple regression models, and Multivariate Analysis of Variance models. The results suggest that college students most favorably employ a deep strategy approach for learning computer science in which prior knowledge is activated and meaningful learning strategies are used. College students appear to be more extrinsically motivated to learn computer science than intrinsically. Higher level learning conceptions are associated with a deep strategy approach to learning (e.g., Seeing in a new way) whereas low-level conceptions are associated with a surface strategy (e.g., Memorizing) approach to learning. Male college students have slightly higher conceptions of programming than their female counterparts. The findings are discussed and both limitations and delimitations of the study are enumerated.

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