scholarly journals Learning approaches and studies of effect of environmental factors

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snezana Mirkov
Keyword(s):  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Approaches To Learning ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
3P Model

There is a presentation of 3P model of learning (Presage-Process-Product), which comprises learning approaches placed in a wider context of the set of variables related to personality, environment, process and outcomes of learning. Three approaches to learning - surface, deep and achievement-oriented - consist of motives and the corresponding learning strategies. There is a discussion of the findings and implications of a great deal of research using the instruments based on this model. We analyzed research findings about the effect of instruction on learning approaches acquired by pupils, and especially students. It is shown how based on learning approach employed by pupils it is possible to draw conclusions about the quality of instruction. Testing the instruments on various samples indicates that the model is applicable in different cultures. Cross-cultural research opened up the problem of relation between memorising and understanding. Further research is necessary, both empirical and theoretical, that is, development of conceptualization of these constructs, and especially their role in education. Perspectives for further research also open up in the direction of studying various factors connected with personality and their relations with learning approaches. The role of learning approaches of teachers in developing the learning approaches of pupils is yet to be examined.

scholarly journals The Role of Good School Environment on the Quality of School Activities in Qatif Zone Schools

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Safiah Saeed Ali Alobaidan - Ali Alghazo
Keyword(s):  
School Environment ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Quality Outcomes ◽  
School Activities ◽  
Good School ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
School Activity

The current study aimed to explore the relationship between the well prepared school environment and the quality of schools activities that are directed to students' benefits. This study follows the mixed methods design that combines both quantitative and qualitative data collection and analysis. The research tools that are used in this study is a closed-ended e-survey for school activity leaders and interviews with 5 supervisors. The non-random pilot of this research consists of (23) school activity leaders from elementary, intermediate and secondary schools and (5) supervisors in Qatif zone. The research findings pointed out the real effective well-prepared school environment role on the good quality outcomes of school activities in Qatif Area, and that most schools lack the application of quality in school activities. This research will shed light on how effective is the well prepared school environment to enrich the kinds and the effectiveness of school activities according to the quality standards of the Ministry. This emphasizes the role of the Ministry of Education to exert more efforts to prepare schools with required facilities and equipment to facilitate the quality of school activities.

scholarly journals Trust within organisations: A cross-cultural research on the role of character perception

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic McLoughlin ◽  
Maryna Salun ◽  
Emrah Özsoy ◽  
Carroll R. ◽  
Kateryna Zaslavska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

scholarly journals Consequences of cultural practices on advertising: Rethinking the role of individual’s values versus social norms for cross-cultural research

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Salman Saleem
Keyword(s):  
International Business ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

The study has contributed to the current debate on the significance of cultural referenced practices over self-reported values in the identification of culture (e.g., Fischer & Schwartz, 2011; Kirkman, Lowe, & Gibson, 2017). The study has examined whether there is a difference in the self-reported values versus cultural-referenced practices concerning masculinity and power distance. Also, which facet of masculinity and power distance, i.e., self-referenced and/or cultural referenced ratings predict the manifestation of such values in the advertising. The study has used a survey method and ask 200 respondents to report masculinity and power distance in their individual behavioural preference, in their social context and the manifestation of masculinity and power distance in advertising. The results show that self-reported and cultural-referenced rating of masculinity and power distance differ significantly. Moreover, the regression analysis shows that the culture-referenced masculinity and power distance predicts the reflection of respective values in advertising, but no such effect of self-reported values are found. Obtained results strengthen the argument that self-reported values did not identify the culture, instead, the normative values did identify the culture. Future international business and cross-cultural corporate governance research should consider the cultural practices of masculinity and power in their cross-cultural investigation.

scholarly journals Variation is the universal: making cultural evolution work in developmental psychology

2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (1743) ◽  
pp. 20170059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Ann Kline ◽  
Rubeena Shamsudheen ◽  
Tanya Broesch
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Developmental Psychology ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Cultural Evolutionary ◽  
Geographical Scope ◽  
Cultural Gaps

Culture is a human universal, yet it is a source of variation in human psychology, behaviour and development. Developmental researchers are now expanding the geographical scope of research to include populations beyond relatively wealthy Western communities. However, culture and context still play a secondary role in the theoretical grounding of developmental psychology research, far too often. In this paper, we highlight four false assumptions that are common in psychology, and that detract from the quality of both standard and cross-cultural research in development. These assumptions are: (i) the universality assumption , that empirical uniformity is evidence for universality, while any variation is evidence for culturally derived variation; (ii) the Western centrality assumption , that Western populations represent a normal and/or healthy standard against which development in all societies can be compared; (iii) the deficit assumption , that population-level differences in developmental timing or outcomes are necessarily due to something lacking among non-Western populations; and (iv) the equivalency assumption , that using identical research methods will necessarily produce equivalent and externally valid data, across disparate cultural contexts. For each assumption, we draw on cultural evolutionary theory to critique and replace the assumption with a theoretically grounded approach to culture in development. We support these suggestions with positive examples drawn from research in development. Finally, we conclude with a call for researchers to take reasonable steps towards more fully incorporating culture and context into studies of development, by expanding their participant pools in strategic ways. This will lead to a more inclusive and therefore more accurate description of human development. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Bridging cultural gaps: interdisciplinary studies in human cultural evolution’.

scholarly journals Translation as an Ecological Tool for Instrument Development

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Vinokurov ◽  
Daniel Geller ◽  
Tamara L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Instrument Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
American Society ◽  
Theoretical Issues

In this paper the authors outline the translation process involved in Macro International's evaluation of the Department of State's International Visitor Leadership Program (IVLP) in Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan, and Georgia. IVLP is a long-running program in which professionals and prospective leaders from around the world participate in funded short-term visits to the United States to learn first-hand professional practices and values of American society and democracy. The authors highlight the importance of attending to the theoretical issues in, discuss contextual factors inherent in, and outline specific phases of the translation process, and present the modified decentering translation technique adapted for the project. They describe the types of translation equivalencies that were addressed and present findings that attest to the quality of the translation. They underscore the importance of the translation process as a qualitative tool for the instrument development that maps the contexts of people's lives, documents emic-etic aspects of cross-cultural research, and fosters collaborations with all stakeholders of the research project.

Fault diagnosis of various rotating equipment using machine learning approaches – A review

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440892097197
Author(s):  
S Manikandan ◽  
K Duraivelu
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Early Identification ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
Fundamental Aspect ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Multiple Components ◽  
Rotating Equipment

Fault diagnosis of various rotating equipment plays a significant role in industries as it guarantees safety, reliability and prevents breakdown and loss of any source of energy. Early identification is a fundamental aspect for diagnosing the faults which saves both time and costs and in fact it avoids perilous conditions. Investigations are being carried out for intelligent fault diagnosis using machine learning approaches. This article analyses various machine learning approaches used for fault diagnosis of rotating equipment. In addition to this, a detailed study of different machine learning strategies which are incorporated on various rotating equipment in the context of fault diagnosis is also carried out. Mainly, the benefits and advance patterns of deep neural network which are applied to multiple components for fault diagnosis are inspected in this study. Finally, different algorithms are proposed to propagate the quality of fault diagnosis and the conceivable research ideas of applying machine learning approaches on various rotating equipment are condensed in this article.

scholarly journals Breaking ground in cross-cultural research on the fear of being laughed at (gelotophobia): A multi-national study involving 73 countries

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
René T. Proyer ◽  
Willibald Ruch ◽  
Numan S. Ali ◽  
Hmoud S. Al-Olimat ◽  
Toshihiko Amemiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Self Report ◽  
National Study ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Swiss Journal ◽  
Multiple Samples ◽  
Different Cultures

AbstractThe current study examines whether the fear of being laughed at (gelotophobia) can be assessed reliably and validly by means of a self-report instrument in different countries of the world. All items of the GELOPH (Ruch and Titze, GELOPH〈46〉, University of Düsseldorf, 1998; Ruch and Proyer, Swiss Journal of Psychology 67:19–27, 2008b) were translated to the local language of the collaborator (42 languages in total). In total, 22,610 participants in 93 samples from 73 countries completed the GELOPH. Across all samples the reliability of the 15-item questionnaire was high (mean alpha of .85) and in all samples the scales appeared to be unidimensional. The endorsement rates for the items ranged from 1.31% through 80.00% to a single item. Variations in the mean scores of the items were more strongly related to the culture in a country and not to the language in which the data were collected. This was also supported by a multidimensional scaling analysis with standardized mean scores of the items from the GELOPH〈15〉. This analysis identified two dimensions that further helped explaining the data (i.e., insecure vs. intense avoidant-restrictive and low vs. high suspicious tendencies towards the laughter of others). Furthermore, multiple samples derived from one country tended to be (with a few exceptions) highly similar. The study shows that gelotophobia can be assessed reliably by means of a self-report instrument in cross-cultural research. This study enables further studies of the fear of being laughed at with regard to differences in the prevalence and putative causes of gelotophobia in comparisons to different cultures.

Cultural Differences in Mulan between Chinese Version and Disney Version

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1332
Author(s):  
Lei Wang ◽  
Bing Han ◽  
Guofei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Differences ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Chinese Film ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
The Face ◽  
Different Cultures

This article puts Chinese Mulan and Disney Mulan's plots as the starting point, analyzes of the adaptation of the plots to show the different cultural significance given by different nationalities. The purpose of this paper is to research the cultural differences reflected in the films made by Hua Mulan in different countries. In this era of globalization, and in the face of different cultures, only by taking its essence and its dross will produce masterpieces that attract worldwide attention. There are indeed many cultural differences between the Chinese film Mulan and the American film Mulan. After analyzing the reasons for the differences, this study summarizes the enlightenment of these differences to cross-cultural research and shows some views.

Relevance of outcome measures in different cultural groups – does one size fit all?

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen F. K. Chiu ◽  
Linda C. W. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Assessment Instruments ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Treatment Benefits ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

It is estimated that 24 million people currently have dementia and that two-thirds of them live in developing countries. However, most of the assessment instruments for dementia have originated in developed countries. This paper explores the relevance of outcome measures in clinical trials of dementia drugs in different cultural groups, particularly in developing countries. The challenges of assessing treatment benefits in dementia in such groups include linguistic and cultural diversity, as well as high illiteracy rates, lack of human resources and the time constraints in assessment of patients. This paper also highlights methodological issues in cross-cultural research of cognitive assessment. Improvement in neuropsychiatric outcomes may be of particular importance to people in non-Western cultures. Functional outcomes and global outcomes are potentially useful outcome measures, but more studies are required in various countries. The use of biological markers such as neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid studies may not be practical in developing countries due to their costs and acceptability respectively. More work is also needed in the area of quality of life measures in various countries.

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