John O. Kokwaro, Flowering Plant Families of East Africa: an introduction to plant taxonomy. Nairobi: East African Educational Publishers, 1994, 292 pp., £14.95, ISBN 9966 46 4905 (distributed in the UK by African Books Collective, 27 Park End Street, Oxford OX1 1HU).

This article describes the little-known history of military labor and transport during the East African campaign of World War I. Based on sources from German, Belgian, and British archives and publications, it considers the issue of military transport and supply in the thick of war. Traditional histories of World War I tend to be those of battles, but what follows is a history of roads and footpaths. More than a million Africans served as porters for the troops. Many paid with their lives. The organization of military labor was a huge task for the colonial and military bureaucracies for which they were hardly prepared. However, the need to organize military transport eventually initiated a process of modernization of the colonial state in the Belgian Congo and British East Africa. This process was not without backlash or failure. The Germans lost their well-developed military transport infrastructure during the Allied offensive of 1916. The British and Belgians went to war with the question of transport unresolved. They were unable to recruit enough Africans for military labor, a situation made worse by failures in the supplies by porters of food and medical care. One of the main factors that contributed to the success of German forces was the Allies' failure in the “war of legs.”

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Crustal variability along the rifted/sheared East African margin: a review

Geo-Marine Letters ◽

10.1007/s00367-021-00690-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 41 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Maren Vormann ◽

Wilfried Jokat

Keyword(s):

East Africa ◽

Shear Zone ◽

Structural Changes ◽

The South ◽

East African ◽

The North ◽

Rifted Margins ◽

Continental Block ◽

Seismic Lines ◽

Southeastern Madagascar

AbstractThe East African margin between the Somali Basin in the north and the Natal Basin in the south formed as a result of the Jurassic/Cretaceous dispersal of Gondwana. While the initial movements between East and West Gondwana left (oblique) rifted margins behind, the subsequent southward drift of East Gondwana from 157 Ma onwards created a major shear zone, the Davie Fracture Zone (DFZ), along East Africa. To document the structural variability of the DFZ, several deep seismic lines were acquired off northern Mozambique. The profiles clearly indicate the structural changes along the shear zone from an elevated continental block in the south (14°–20°S) to non-elevated basement covered by up to 6-km-thick sediments in the north (9°–13°S). Here, we compile the geological/geophysical knowledge of five profiles along East Africa and interpret them in the context of one of the latest kinematic reconstructions. A pre-rift position of the detached continental sliver of the Davie Ridge between Tanzania/Kenya and southeastern Madagascar fits to this kinematic reconstruction without general changes of the rotation poles.

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Epidemic malaria and warmer temperatures in recent decades in an East African highland

Proceedings of The Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.2010.2020 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 278 (1712) ◽

pp. 1661-1669 ◽

Cited By ~ 89

Author(s):

David Alonso ◽

Menno J. Bouma ◽

Mercedes Pascual

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

East Africa ◽

Nonlinear Response ◽

Climate Change Impacts ◽

Human Model ◽

Recent Past ◽

East African ◽

Highly Nonlinear ◽

The Impact

Climate change impacts on malaria are typically assessed with scenarios for the long-term future. Here we focus instead on the recent past (1970–2003) to address whether warmer temperatures have already increased the incidence of malaria in a highland region of East Africa. Our analyses rely on a new coupled mosquito–human model of malaria, which we use to compare projected disease levels with and without the observed temperature trend. Predicted malaria cases exhibit a highly nonlinear response to warming, with a significant increase from the 1970s to the 1990s, although typical epidemic sizes are below those observed. These findings suggest that climate change has already played an important role in the exacerbation of malaria in this region. As the observed changes in malaria are even larger than those predicted by our model, other factors previously suggested to explain all of the increase in malaria may be enhancing the impact of climate change.

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Social and cultural integration: a case study of the East African Hadramis

Africa ◽

10.2307/1160487 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 59 (2) ◽

pp. 185-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Françoise Le Guennec-Coppens

Keyword(s):

East Africa ◽

Cultural Integration ◽

East African ◽

Extended Study ◽

Opening Paragraph

Opening ParagraphAs one goes through the numerous publications concerning East Africa, it becomes apparent that certain subjects have rarely been approached, having been neglected or even totally ignored. Such is the case concerning the problems linked with the Hadrami diaspora, the extended study of which—apart from a few notable exceptions—has not yet aroused the interest of historians or the curiosity of anthropologists.

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The Place of International Arbitration in East Africa: A Case Study of the Effectiveness of the East African Court of Justice as an International Arbitral Tribunal

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3829076 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Peter M. Muriithi

Keyword(s):

East Africa ◽

Arbitral Tribunal ◽

International Arbitration ◽

East African ◽

Court Of Justice

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Chemical principles of Boophone, Nerine, Crossyne, Clivia, Cryptostephanus, Haemanthus and Scadoxus of the South African Amaryllidaceae and their biological properties

Planta Medica ◽

10.1055/a-1724-6244 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jerald Nair ◽

Johannes Van Staden

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Structural Diversity ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Isoquinoline Alkaloid ◽

Flowering Plant ◽

New Information ◽

Regulatory Effects ◽

Plant Families ◽

Antioxidant Effects

The Amaryllidaceae features prominently amongst bulbous flowering plant families. Accommodating about a third of its species, South Africa affords a sound basis for Amaryllidaceae plant research. Boophone, Nerine, Crossyne, Clivia, Cryptostephanus, Haemanthus and Scadoxus have been well-represented in such endeavors. The account herein summarizes the studies undertaken between 2013-2020 on these genera in regards to their chemical and biological characteristics. A total of 136 compounds comprising 63 alkaloids and 73 non-alkaloid entities were described during this period from eighteen members of the title genera. The alkaloids were reflective of the structural diversity found in eight isoquinoline alkaloid groups of the Amaryllidaceae. Of these, the crinane (29 compounds), lycorane and homolycorine (11 compounds each) groups were the most-represented. The non-alkaloid substances were embracive of the same number of unrelated groups including, acids, phenolics, flavonoids and triterpenoids. A wide variety of assays were engaged to ascertain the biological activities of the isolated compounds, notably in regards to cancer and motorneuron-related diseases. There were also attempts made to determine the antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of some of the substances. New information has also emerged on the herbicidal, insecticidal and plant growth regulatory effects of selected alkaloid principles. Coupled to the biological screening measures were in instances probes made to establish the molecular basis to some of the activities, particularly in relation to cancer and Parkinsonʹs disease.

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Defamation in East Africa

Journal of African Law ◽

10.1017/s0021855300013036 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 66-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

R. W. Hodgin

Keyword(s):

East Africa ◽

East African ◽

African Countries ◽

English Law

The purpose of this article is to review the application of the English law of defamation in the East African countries (Uganda, Kenya, Tanzania) and to assess the possible contribution of the Kenya Defamation Act, 1970.

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EAC – an Answer for Regional Problems or Failed Solutions in East Africa?

Politeja ◽

10.12797/politeja.15.2018.56.15 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (56) ◽

pp. 267-277

Author(s):

Anna Cichecka

Keyword(s):

East Africa ◽

Regional Identity ◽

East African ◽

Integration Model ◽

East African Community ◽

Intergovernmental Cooperation ◽

African Community ◽

Regional Problems ◽

Common Policy

One of the definitions states that regionalism means a common policy or project aimed at increasing informal links and economic, political and social transactions which strengthen integration processes, intensify intergovernmental cooperation and create regional identity among the community. According to the above, it was assumed that firstly, states in a group are stronger and more effective and secondly, that regionalism and regionalization may be regarded as a way to solve some regional problems and to contribute to the development of individual states. This narrative became especially attractive for underdeveloped and dysfunctional regions as it offered an opportunity for changes. As a result, a quantitative increase in regional initiatives started. The article is dedicated to the integration processes in the East Africa region. The main aim of the paper is to examine the situation in East Africa, regarding the role that the East African Community has played in this area. Moreover, an attempt has been made to analyze the integration model adopted by the organization and find out if the EAC is able to solve the main regional problems or rather to propose a failed solution and maintain dysfunctional patterns in the organization.

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