LD and Normal Adolescents' Causal Attributions of Success and Failure at Different Levels of Task Difficulty

1983 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Allen Aponik ◽  
Myron H. Dembo
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Significant Determinant ◽  
Disabled Students ◽  
Normal Adolescents ◽  
Different Levels

The purpose of this study was to investigate learning disabled and normal adolescents' causal attributions of success and failure performances on various levels of task difficulty (easy, moderate, difficult). The results indicated that the students' perceptions of the task difficulty levels was a significant determinant of the two groups' differing causal attributions; locus of control was inadequate for explaining the differences in attribution ascribed by the two groups. In many respects, the learning disabled students' causal ascriptions for performance outcomes were similar to those of students classified as failure oriented.

Effects of Mother Presence and Absence on LD Children's and Their Mothers' Causal Attributions for Performance Outcomes

1989 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 199-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myron H. Dembo ◽  
Wendy Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Involvement ◽  
Future Performance ◽  
Significant Performance ◽  
Presence And Absence ◽  
Failure Conditions

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether mother presence and absence have a differential effect on children's and mothers' attributional responses for performance outcomes. It was hypothesized that children whose mothers were present to observe them perform a task would rate their effort and ability higher under success and lower under failure conditions. It also was expected that mothers' attributional ratings would follow a similar pattern for ability and effort attributions as well as ratings of their children's future performance. Forty male children in grades 3 and 4 and their mothers participated in the investigation. The data indicated a significant performance-(success and failure)-by-maternal-involvement (presence and absence) interaction for children's attributional ratings of effort, task difficulty, and luck and for mothers' attributional ratings of their children's effort, task difficulty, and future performance.

Causal Attributions in Sport: Some Theoretical Implications

1979 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glyn C. Roberts ◽  
Debbie Pascuzzi
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Behavior Model ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Dimensional Properties ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Achievement Behavior ◽  
And Task

Previous sport attribution studies have generally asked subjects to make attributions for outcomes to the four elements of ability, effort, luck, and task difficulty. These studies have assumed that these elements are the most important causes of outcomes. The present study tested this assumption. An open-ended questionnaire was given to 349 male and female subjects to determine the causal elements used in sport situations. Results showed that the four traditional elements of ability, effort, luck, and task difficulty were used 45% of the time. However, the theory advocated by Weiner (1974) is based on the dimensions of locus of control and stability, and not on the elements per se. When the responses of subjects were content analyzed for dimensional properties, it was concluded that 100% of the responses could be placed within the four cells of the Weiner model. These results support the applicability of the Weiner achievement behavior model to sport environments, but only when careful analysis of causal attributions is made to determine their dimensional relevance. The evidence suggests that situationally relevant elements be included in addition to the traditional elements of ability, effort, luck, and task difficulty.

Causal attributions as a function of locus of control, initial confidence, and performance outcomes.

1975 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert M. Lefcourt ◽  
Elizabeth Hogg ◽  
Steve Struthers ◽  
Chris Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
And Performance

Learning Disabled Children's Attributions for Success and Failure

1980 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Pearl ◽  
Tanis Bryan ◽  
Mavis Donahue
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Task Difficulty ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Eighth Grade ◽  
Disabled Children ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Achievement Behavior ◽  
Children's Beliefs ◽  
And Control

These studies examined underachieving and control children's beliefs about the causes of their successes and failures. In Study 1, third- through eighth-grade children were administered a scale measuring locus of control in achievement situations. Results indicated that underachieving children had weaker feelings of internal control over success than the control children. In Study 2, first- through eighth-grade children rated the importance of ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck for success and failure in reading, on puzzles, and in social situations. The children's ratings indicated that underachievers believed lack of effort played less of a role in their failures than did control children. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for the achievement behavior of learning disabled children.

Differences in Locus of Control Orientation between Normal and Learning Disabled Boys

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 795-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman A. Scott ◽  
Wendy A. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Fourth Grade ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
External Control ◽  
Disabled Students ◽  
Control Scale ◽  
Embedded Figures Test ◽  
Control Orientation ◽  
Embedded Figures ◽  
Perceptual Performance

Locus of control orientation was examined in 55 second, third, and fourth grade learning disabled ( N = 27) and normal ( N = 28) boys, by administration of the Pictorial Gruen, Korte, Stephens Internal-External Control Scale. The learning disabled students were significantly more external than normals. Differences in age and perceptual performance, as measured by the Children's Embedded Figures Test, did not appear.

Computerized Cognitive Training with Learning Disabled Students: A Pilot Study

1992 ◽  
Vol 71 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1347-1356 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Talbot ◽  
M. Pépin ◽  
M. Loranger
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Mental Arithmetic ◽  
Learning Disabled ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Disabled Students ◽  
Computerized Cognitive Training

The effects of practicing computerized exercises in class by 59 learning disabled students who received an 8-hr. training program, 30 min. per week, were evaluated. Six exercises designed to facilitate basic cognitive skills development were used. Twelve subjects were assigned to a control group without any form of intervention. Covariance analysis (pretest scores used as covariates) showed a significant effect of training on mental arithmetic. These results suggest that practicing a computerized exercise of mental arithmetic can facilitate the automatization of basic arithmetic skills (addition, subtraction, and multiplication). The nature, progress, and evaluation of such types of intervention are discussed.

Accessing offshoring advantages: what and how to offshore

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2/3) ◽  
pp. 262-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alona Mykhaylenko ◽  
Ágnes Motika ◽  
Brian Vejrum Waehrens ◽  
Dmitrij Slepniov
Keyword(s):  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Offshore Outsourcing ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Captive Offshoring ◽  
Performance Results ◽  
Governance Modes ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Do So

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to advance the understanding of factors that affect offshoring performance results. To do so, this paper focuses on the access to location-specific advantages, rather than solely on the properties of the offshoring company, its strategy or environment. Assuming that different levels of synergy may exist between particular offshoring strategic decisions (choosing offshore outsourcing or captive offshoring and the type of function) and different offshoring advantages, this work advocates that the actual fact of realization of certain offshoring advantages (getting or not getting access to them) is a more reliable predictor of offshoring success. Design/methodology/approach – A set of hypotheses derived from the extant literature is tested on the data from a quantitative survey of 1,143 Scandinavian firms. Findings – The paper demonstrates that different governance modes and types of offshored function indeed provide different levels of access to different types of location-specific offshoring advantages. This difference may help to explain the ambiguity of offshoring initiatives performance results. Research limitations/implications – Limitations of the work include using only the offshoring strategy elements and only their limited variety as factors potentially influencing access to offshoring advantages. Also, the findings are limited to Scandinavian companies. Originality/value – The paper introduces a new concept of access, which can help to more reliably predict performance outcomes of offshoring initiatives. Recommendations are also provided to practitioners dealing with offshoring initiatives.

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