Measurement Identity in the Longitudinal Analysis of Legislative Voting

1967 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1020-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aage R. Clausen
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Political ◽  
Legislative Behavior ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Legislative Voting ◽  
Cultural Research

Recent advances in data processing technology have made it possible for the political scientist to extend the coordinates of his research space across political systems as well as through time. Without the present-day capacity to retrieve and process speedily the large banks of data accumulated through comparative analyses, such studies would be prohibitively time-consuming, and probably not done at all. As it is the technical hurdles are diminishing in importance, only to be replaced in our attention by the methodological barriers to comparative analysis. In this paper the focus is on one of the basic problems of comparative analysis: the achievement and validation of measurement identity.Measurement identity refers to the content equivalence of two or more measures and is a key consideration in comparative studies whether the comparison is cross-cultural or historical. Unless there are clear indications of the identity of the measures on which the comparisons are based, such comparisons are meaningless. For the political scientist engaged in cross-cultural research, the problem of measurement identity virtually thrusts itself upon him, since he is already sensitive to differences between culturally different political systems. In contrast, the historical researcher who is working within a single cultural context, and is attuned to the continuity of historical themes, may neglect the measurement identity requirements of his research. The purpose of this paper is to give visibility to this measurement issue as it confronts historical research in the field of legislative behavior. My specific referent is the longitudinal study of legislative voting behavior.

scholarly journals Perceiving those who are gone: Cultural research on post-bereavement perception or hallucination of the deceased

2020 ◽  
pp. 136346152096288
Author(s):  
Pablo Sabucedo ◽  
Chris Evans ◽  
Jacqueline Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Vantage Point ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Clinical Case Study ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
The One ◽  
Felt Presence

Experiencing the continued presence of the deceased is common among the bereaved, whether as a sensory perception or as a felt presence. This phenomenon has been researched from psychological and psychiatric perspectives during the last five decades. Such experiences have been also documented in the ethnographic literature but, despite the extensive cross-cultural research in the area, anthropological data has generally not been considered in the psychological literature about this phenomenon. This paper provides an overview aimed at bridging these two areas of knowledge, and approaches the post-bereavement perception or hallucination of the deceased in cultural context. Ongoing debates are addressed from the vantage point of ethnographic and clinical case study research focusing on the cultural repertoires (in constant flux as cultures change) from which these experiences are labelled as desirable and normal, on the one hand, or as dangerous and pathological, on the other.

A roadmap to doing culturally grounded developmental science

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Broesch ◽  
Sheina Lew-Levy ◽  
Joscha Kärtner ◽  
Patricia Kanngiesser ◽  
Michelle Ann Kline
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Developmental Science ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Collective Experience ◽  
Conducting Research

This paper provides a roadmap for engaging in cross-cultural, developmental research in practical, ethical and community-engaged ways. To cultivate the flexibility necessary for conducting cross-cultural research, we structure our roadmap as a series of questions that each research program might consider prior to embarking on cross-cultural examinations in developmental science. Within each topic, we focus on the challenges and opportunities inherent to different types of study designs, fieldwork, and collaborations because our collective experience in conducting research in multiple cultural contexts has taught us that there can be no single “best practice”. Here we identify the challenges that are unique to cross-cultural research as well as present a series of recommendations and guidelines. We also bring to the forefront ethical considerations which are rarely encountered in the laboratory context, but which researchers face daily while conducting research in a cultural context which one is not a member. As each research context requires unique solutions to these recurring challenges, we urge researchers to use this set of questions as a starting point, and to expand and tailor the questions and potential solutions with community members to support their own research design or cultural context. This will allow us to move the field towards more inclusive and ethical research practices.

In the Footsteps of Community Power

1961 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 817-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence J. R. Herson
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
Power Elite ◽  
Night Time ◽  
Conceptual Schemes ◽  
Community Power ◽  
The Power Elite

In an exchange of perennial delight to the Holmesian, the pauky Sherlock, pitting wits against a government detective, condescends to remark on the unusualness of the usual:“Is there any point to which you would draw my attention?”“To the curious incident of the dog in the night time.”“The dog did nothing in the night time.”“That was the curious incident.”And in asymptotic fashion, the student of politics, intrigued by the burgeoning literature of community power now emerging from the hands of sociologists, searches for the contributions that these writings can make to the study of local government. The political scientist readily discovers that this literature is approaching metaphorical indeterminacy: like an expanding universe, it threatens to outrun his gaze. It contains the substance of competing conceptual schemes, the power elite vs. the pluralism of power. It offers comparative studies, both domestic and cross-cultural, and studies built upon historical dimensions. It even possesses studies designed to torture original hypotheses by invoking the test of predictability. And yet, in reviewing this freshet of publication, the political scientist finds himself asking whether there is, for his discipline, anything unusual in this outpouring.As he reads, he finds underscored and “discovered” many of the propositions that are stock to his own lumber room: he learns that there is often discontinuity between the real and the nominal holders of political power; and that social values can affect the utilization of that power.

scholarly journals My Doctoral Journey: An Autoethnography of Doing Sensitive Research in a Different Cultural Context

10.28945/4641 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 559-573
Author(s):  
Uditha Ramanayake
Keyword(s):  
Doctoral Students ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Generation Process ◽  
Doctoral Research ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

Aim/Purpose: This paper aims to provide important learning insights for doctoral students, researchers and practitioners who wish to research on sensitive topics with research participants from a significantly different culture from their own. Background: Embarking on doctoral research in different cultural contexts presents challenges for doctoral students, especially when researching a sensitive topic. Methodology: This paper uses an autoethnography as its research methodology. Contribution: This paper extends the literature on doctoral researchers’ experiences of exploring the lived experiences of senior travellers who have faced major life events. Little of the previous literature on the experiences of PhD students has explored the experiences they had while researching on a sensitive topic in a different cultural context to their own. To fill this knowledge gap, this paper presents an autoethnography of my experiences. Findings: This paper presents some critical insights into undertaking research in another culture. Its findings are outlined under the following four themes: (a) Feeling vulnerable, (b) Building rapport, (c) Preparing for the unexpected, and (d) Exploring lived experiences. Recommendations for Practitioners: When conducting sensitive cross-cultural research, understanding researchers’ vulnerabilities, rapport-building and preparing for the unexpected are very important. The use of a visual element is beneficial for the participants in their idea generation process. Visual methods have the potential to capture the lived experiences of participants and enable them to reflect on those. Recommendation for Researchers: Doing cross-cultural sensitive doctoral research poses a number of methodological and practical challenges. It was very important to gain a wider cultural understanding of the country and its people in my cross-cultural doctoral research. To this end, this paper suggests that future doctoral researchers consider volunteering with the community as a way to gain understanding of the research context when preparing to undertake cross-cultural research. Impact on Society: The findings support the importance of cultural sensitivity when doing cross-cultural research. Future Research: Future research could be conducted in a different cultural setting to reveal whether the key themes identified here are universal.

Domestic Violence and South Korean Women: The Cultural Context and Alternative Experiences

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 814-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bitna Kim ◽  
Victoria B. Titterington ◽  
Yeonghee Kim ◽  
William Bill Wells
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Abused Women ◽  
Domestic Violence Shelter ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research

The present research contributes to the growing body of cross-cultural research on domestic violence. This is accomplished by answering the question of how severity of intimate partner abuse varies for (1) women incarcerated for the homicides of their male partners (2) abused women who sought domestic violence shelter, short of killing their intimate assailants, and (3) a group of South Korean females outside of domestic violence shelters or prison. The article concludes with a discussion of potential policy implications of the findings as well as promising directions for future research.

Political Socialisation in Kenya and Tanzania—A Comparative Analysis

1967 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Koff ◽  
George Von Der Muhll
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Social World ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Historical Epoch

Political systems of every description continuously confront a problem crucial to their survival: how to prepare the younger members of the system for the political responsibilities they must one day assume. This problem is quite general; it exists in all societies in every historical epoch, and it embodies a learning process that stretches back to a child's first perceptions of the larger social world. How children learn the values that will guide their future behaviour in politics, and what it is they learn, are questions with answers that vary from society to society.

scholarly journals Association of Personal Identity and Time Perspective in Patients with Alcohol Dependence: Cross-Cultural Research

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-146
Author(s):  
Pavel D. Ignatev ◽  
Anna V. Trusova
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Personal Identity ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Identity Matrix ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Central Regions

The article presents the results of an original cross-cultural study of the identity and time perspective in alcohol-addicted patients. Based on the materials of the two examined patient groups from the Central (N = 79) and Arctic regions (N = 66) of Russia, using a set of the following psychodiagnostic methods - test of 20 statements by M. Kuhn, T. McPartland, Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI), a semantic time differential and the questionnaire of motivation for alcohol consumption by V.Yu. Zavyalov (MAC) - the regional differences in the identity matrix and temporal orientations were found and described. According to the results of a clinical and psychological research, it was found that for alcohol-addicted patients in general the most significant is a reflexive identity focusing on “negative past”, while considering the past and future in the categories of “activity”, “affective sentiment”, “magnitude”. The leading alcohol use motives are hedonistic, ataractic, and activation behavior. At the same time, the communicative identity, “perceptibility” of the entire psychological time, as well as pseudocultural motive causing alcohol abuse are significantly present in the identity matrix of the patients from Saint Petersburg. In the group of patients from Yakutsk, there is a significant orientation toward a “fatalistic present”, with the “structurization” of the past, present, and future. The intergroup correlations between the various aspects of personal identity and time perspective, as well as the hierarchy of motives in patients with alcoholism in a socio-cultural context are shown. The correlation patterns between the identification characteristics and time perspective have significant differences in the two groups studied. The data obtained reflect the social specifics of the central regions, as well as the cultural characteristics of the northern nationalities with their inherent desire to avoid uncertainty. From these data, it can be concluded that the socio-psychological factors in the etiopathogenesis of alcohol dependence are significant.

Subcultural Delusions and Hallucinations Comments on the Present State Examination in a Multi-Cultural Context

1985 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Swartz ◽  
O. Ben-Arie ◽  
A. F. Teggin
Keyword(s):  
Present State ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Cross Cultural Research ◽  
State Examination

SummaryThe challenges presented by the Present State Examination (PSE) in a multi-cultural context are explored. The general approach to the use of this instrument, difficulties with rating items relevant to cultural or subcultural conditions, and particularly the assessment of psychosis are considered, as well as the possibility of additions to and modifications of the PSE-CATEGO system. Though disagreement exists as to whether the research model which the PSE represents is adequate to deal exhaustively with cultural factors, the instrument is useful in cross-cultural research and also in stimulating debate and crystallising issues.

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