The Speaker's Task Force in the Post-Reform House of Representatives

1981 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Sinclair
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Majority Party ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
Task Forces ◽  
The Family ◽  
Patterns Of Behavior ◽  
Party Members

Because of changes in the issues at the center of controversy, changes in rules and norms and high membership turnover, the current House majority party leaders operate in a much less predictable environment than their predecessors did. In response to the changed environment, Speaker O'Neill has developed the strategy of leadership by inclusion, a central element of which is the Speaker's task force, an ad hoc group appointed by the Speaker and charged with passage of a specific bill. The leaders believe task forces help them perform both of their primary functions—building winning coalitions and “keeping peace in the family.” By increasing the number of people working in an organized way to pass the bill at issue, the task force increases the probability of a bill's success on the floor. Work on a task force satisfies junior members' expectations of participation and fosters cooperative patterns of behavior among party members.

scholarly journals Army Urban Augmentation Medical Task Forces for COVID-19: Part 1—Development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J Dire ◽  
Robert E Suter ◽  
Joe D Robinson ◽  
W Scott Lynn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Federal Emergency Management Agency ◽  
Task Forces ◽  
Medical Task ◽  
The U.S

ABSTRACT This article describes how the U.S. Army developed a new ad hoc medical formation, named Urban Augmentation Medical Task Force for the Department of Defense (DoD) in response to the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic in the Continental United States during the spring of 2020. We review the role of the DoD support of the Federal Emergency Management Agency as a part of Defense Support of Civilian Authorities.

Institutional Development and Participation on House Roll-Call Votes, 1819–1921

2021 ◽  
pp. 106591292110179
Author(s):  
John Baughman ◽  
Timothy P. Nokken
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Participation Rates ◽  
Roll Call ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Majority Party ◽  
Party Members ◽  
Civil War Era ◽  
Participation Decisions

An emerging body of literature seeks to understand the determinants of roll-call participation in the early U.S. House of Representatives. A multitude of factors—electoral, institutional, and partisan—exerted significant influence over members’ participation decisions during the time we analyze. We analyze roll-call abstention rates from the 16th to 66th Congress (1819 to 1921) to determine whether electorally at-risk members differed in their attentiveness to their congressional responsibilities than members who faced less or no risk. By examining a century of congresses, we compare both the post-Civil War era immediately prior to adoption of the Australian ballot as well as the pre-Civil War congresses to identify those factors that affected members’ decision to participate on roll-call votes. The time series encompasses important electoral and institutional reforms, including the emergence of strong party caucuses and the enhanced agenda setting prerogatives of the majority party. Our results show that members responded to changes in the political environment, including to electoral concerns, and this effect is present prior to the Civil War. We also find that during the era of the strong Speaker, majority party members significantly increased their roll-call participation rates.

scholarly journals Unification of Powers: When Effective Lawmakers Sponsor Presidential Proposals in Congress

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Craig Volden ◽  
Samuel Kernell ◽  
Roger Larocca ◽  
Alan Wiseman
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Strategic Partnerships ◽  
Majority Party ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
Congress Party ◽  
Party Members

While scholars have long noted presidential powers over congressional lawmaking arising through persuasion, veto bargaining, and public appeals, we argue that an important tool is missing from this list. Specifically, presidents who are strategic in their choices of early coalition partners in Congress – such as effective sponsors of administration bills – significantly enhance their chance of legislative success. We identify more than 1,400 executive branch proposals appearing as bills in Congress between 1989 and 2006. We examine which members of Congress sponsor these bills, finding strong evidence of disproportionate sponsorship by effective champions, such as majority-party members, committee and subcommittee chairs, lawmakers with proven effectiveness in the previous Congress, party leaders, and senior lawmakers, all else equal. Analyzing the fate of these proposals, we find that much of the success of the president’s agenda in Congress depends on these critical and strategic partnerships with effective congressional proponents.

US House Democrats eye ambitious agenda from January

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Majority Party ◽  
Content Type ◽  
White House ◽  
Party Leaders

Subject Outlook for the Democrats' policy plans in the House of Representatives from January 2019. Significance In January, the Democrats become the House of Representatives majority. Party leaders are drafting their legislative programme but need to balance the ambitions of the party's left-wing activist base, which made gains in the November 6 midterms, with the party's desire to strengthen its congressional position and win the White House in 2020. The party also faces pressure from progressives for leadership positions, with some incoming representatives pledging to vote against Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi's return as House speaker. Impacts A push to impeach Trump is unlikely, despite calls from the Democratic base, as it could look too politically motivated. Senate Republicans will appoint further tranches of conservative judges (and would bar any Trump impeachment). Democrats will conduct expansive investigations into the Trump team, assessing whether foreign agents influenced US policy.

scholarly journals Army Urban Augmentation Medical Task Forces for COVID-19: Part 2—Initial Utilization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J Dire ◽  
Robert E Suter ◽  
Joe D Robinson ◽  
W Scott Lynn
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Task Forces ◽  
Medical Task

ABSTRACT This article describes the utilization of a new ad hoc medical formation, named Urban Augmentation Medical Task Force for the Department of Defense response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in the Continental United States during the spring of 2020. Military medical personnel from these units were used to staff a variety of different mission assignments. We review the benefits and limitation of this type of formation and recommend future force allocation models.

Mexico

2021 ◽  
pp. 572-593
Author(s):  
Eric Magar
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Word Length ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Term Limits ◽  
Majority Party ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Single Term ◽  
Multiple Regression Models ◽  
Party Members

This chapter describes the institutions of legislative debate in the Mexican Cámara de Diputados and assesses predictors of floor participation. Multiple regression models are fit on more than 23,000 speeches between 2006 and 2020. They show that majority party members get privileged floor access, in both the number of speeches delivered and their word length, even after accounting for larger parties having more potential speakers. Other status indicators, such as committee chairs, party leaders, and seniority, have more modest but also positive effects in debate. Women speak more than men. And the removal of single-term limits in 2018, which tend to personalize elections, associate with a significant surge in floor participation.

Caucus Governance and the Emergence of the Organizational Cartel, 1861–1891

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery A. Jenkins ◽  
Charles Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Republican Party ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Majority Party ◽  
Antebellum Era ◽  
The Family ◽  
Organizational Arrangement

This chapter examines the emergence of the organizational cartel based on caucus decision making during the period 1861–1891. It considers how the caucus-induced, organizational arrangement solved the lingering instability that had often plagued speakership decisions during the antebellum era. It also shows how the binding party caucus on organizational matters institutionalized and evolved into an equilibrium institution, with both the Republican Party and the Democratic Party embracing the practice of keeping the organization of the House of Representatives “in the family” rather than risking potential complications on the floor. In short, the majority party had finally become an organizational cartel. The chapter explains how the organizational cartel allowed the majority party to control the election of the Speaker and other House officers, as well as the more general makeup of the chamber.

Die COVID-19-Pandemie im akutstationären Setting aus Sicht von Führungspersonen und Hygienefachkräften in der Pflege

Pflege ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-298
Author(s):  
Katharina Silies ◽  
Angelika Schley ◽  
Janna Sill ◽  
Steffen Fleischer ◽  
Martin Müller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Qualitative Studie ◽  
Skill Mix ◽  
Task Forces

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Die COVID-19-Pandemie ist eine Ausnahmesituation ohne Präzedenz und erforderte zahlreiche Ad-hoc-Anpassungen in den Strukturen und Prozessen der akutstationären Versorgung. Ziel: Ziel war es zu untersuchen, wie aus Sicht von Führungspersonen und Hygienefachkräften in der Pflege die stationäre Akutversorgung durch die Pandemiesituation beeinflusst wurde und welche Implikationen sich daraus für die Zukunft ergeben. Methoden: Qualitative Studie bestehend aus semistrukturierten Interviews mit fünf Verantwortlichen des leitenden Pflegemanagements und drei Hygienefachkräften in vier Krankenhäusern in Deutschland. Die Interviews wurden mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Die Befragten beschrieben den auf die prioritäre Versorgung von COVID-19-Fällen hin umstrukturierten Klinikalltag. Herausforderungen waren Unsicherheit und Angst bei den Mitarbeiter_innen, relative Ressourcenknappheit von Material und Personal und die schnelle Umsetzung neuer Anforderungen an die Versorgungleistung. Dem wurde durch gezielte Kommunikation und Information, massive Anstrengungen zur Sicherung der Ressourcen und koordinierte Steuerung aller Prozesse durch bereichsübergreifende, interprofessionelle Task Forces begegnet. Schlussfolgerungen: Die in der COVID-19-Pandemie vorgenommenen Anpassungen zeigen Entwicklungspotenziale für die zukünftige Routineversorgung auf, z. B. könnten neue Arbeits- und Skill Mix-Modelle aufgegriffen werden. Für die Konkretisierung praktischer Implikationen sind vertiefende Analysen der Daten mit zeitlichem Abstand erforderlich.

Test Use in Spain, Portugal and Latin American Countries

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Muñiz ◽  
Gerardo Prieto ◽  
Leandro Almeida ◽  
Dave Bartram
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Test Construction ◽  
European Federation ◽  
Psychometric Characteristics ◽  
Testing Practices ◽  
Professional Psychologists ◽  
Test Use ◽  
Latin American Countries

Summary: The two main sources of errors in educational and psychological evaluation are the lack of adequate technical and psychometric characteristics of the tests, and especially the failure to properly implement the testing process. The main goal of the present research is to study the situation of test construction and test use in the Spanish-speaking (Spain and Latin American countries) and Portuguese-speaking (Portugal and Brazil) countries. The data were collected using a questionnaire constructed by the European Federation of Professional Psychologists Association (EFPPA) Task Force on Tests and Testing, under the direction of D. Bartram . In addition to the questionnaire, other ad hoc data were also gathered. Four main areas of psychological testing were investigated: Educational, Clinical, Forensic and Work. Key persons were identified in each country in order to provide reliable information. The main results are presented, and some measures that could be taken in order to improve the current testing practices in the countries surveyed are discussed. As most of the tests used in these countries were originally developed in other cultures, a problem that appears to be especially relevant is the translation and adaptation of tests.

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