Evolutionary Potential and Local Genetic Differentiation in a Phenotypically Plastic Trait of a Cyclical Parthenogen, Daphnia magna

Evolution ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc De Meester
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Plastic Trait

scholarly journals The initial tolerance to sub-lethal Cd exposure is the same among ten naïve pond populations of Daphnia magna, but their micro-evolutionary potential to develop resistance is very different

2013 ◽  
Vol 144-145 ◽  
pp. 322-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlies Messiaen ◽  
Colin Roger Janssen ◽  
Luc De Meester ◽  
Karel André Clara De Schamphelaere
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Cd Exposure

scholarly journals Ecological niche models as hypothesis generators of functional genetic differentiation and potential local adaptation in a Mediterranean alpine ecosystem

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Morente-López ◽  
Jamie M. Kass ◽  
Carlos Lara-Romero ◽  
Josep María Serra-Diaz ◽  
José Carmen Soto-Correa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Conservation Value ◽  
Ecological Niche Models ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Marginal Populations ◽  
Phenotypic Differentiation ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Niche Models

AbstractGeographically disparate populations within a species’ range may show important differences including variation in ecological, demographic, genetic and phenotypic characteristics. Based on the Center-Periphery Hypothesis, it is often assumed that environmental conditions are optimal in the geographic center of the range and stressful or suboptimal at the periphery, implying ecological marginality is concordant with geographic periphery. But this assumption has been challenged as geographical and ecological gradients are not necessarily concordant. The conservation value of populations inhabiting environmentally marginal areas is still under debate and is closely related with their evolutionary potential. Strong selective pressures caused by stressful conditions may generate novel adaptations in marginal areas, conferring these populations distinct evolutionary potential. But populations inhabiting marginal areas may also show reductions in neutral and adaptive genetic diversity via drift and inbreeding.In this work we explore the potential of ecological niche models (ENMs) to identify environmentally optimal and marginal areas, as well as the principal putative selective pressures likely to act. To do so, we built a carefully parameterized ENM of Silene ciliata, a dominant plant species of Mediterranean alpine habitats. Complementarily, we selected wild populations inhabiting contrasting environmental conditions and carried out common garden experiments to detect genetic differentiation among populations associated with functional traits. With the resulting information, we tested whether environmentally marginal populations defined by the ENM had genetically differentiated phenotypes that are potentially adaptive and, thus, of conservation value.We found genetically based phenotypic differentiation of phenological traits between populations inhabiting areas identified by the ENM as marginal and optimal, as well as between populations with different habitat suitability values. Results supported ENMs as powerful tools for determining environmental marginality and identifying selection pressures, and thus also as hypothesis generators for divergent selection. Furthermore, genetically based phenotypic differentiation found underlines the potential adaptive value of populations inhabiting marginal areas. The approach developed here provides a theoretically justified and practical way to study adaptive processes and provide insights about the conservation value of marginal populations.

scholarly journals Quantifying multivariate genotype-by-environment interactions, evolutionary potential and its context-dependence in natural populations of the water flea, Daphnia magna

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska S. Brunner ◽  
Alan Reynolds ◽  
Ian W. Wilson ◽  
Stephen Price ◽  
Steve Paterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Thermal Adaptation ◽  
Plastic Response ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interactions ◽  
Additive Genetic Variation ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Plastic Responses

ABSTRACTGenotype-by-environment interactions (G x E) underpin the evolution of plastic responses in natural populations. Theory assumes that G x E interactions exist but empirical evidence from natural populations is equivocal and difficult to interpret because G x E interactions are normally univariate plastic responses to a single environmental gradient. We compared multivariate plastic responses of 43 Daphnia magna clones from the same population in a factorial experiment that crossed temperature and food environments. Multivariate plastic responses explained more than 30% of the total phenotypic variation in each environment. G x E interactions were detected in most environment combinations irrespective of the methodology used. However, the nature of G x E interactions was context-dependent and led to environment-specific differences in additive genetic variation (G-matrices). Clones that deviated from the population average plastic response were not the same in each environmental context and there was no difference in whether clones varied in the nature (phenotypic integration) or magnitude of their plastic response in different environments. Plastic responses to food were aligned with additive genetic variation (gmax) at both temperatures, whereas plastic responses to temperature were not aligned with additive genetic variation (gmax) in either food environment. These results suggest that fundamental differences may exist in the potential for our population to evolve novel responses to food versus temperature changes, and challenges past interpretations of thermal adaptation based on univariate studies.

scholarly journals Agricultural Landscape Heterogeneity Matter: Responses of Neutral Genetic Diversity and Adaptive Traits in a Neotropical Savanna Tree

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Souza do Amaral ◽  
Juliana Silveira dos Santos ◽  
Fernanda Fraga Rosa ◽  
Marcelo Bruno Pessôa ◽  
Lázaro José Chaves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Habitat Loss ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Neotropical Savanna ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Adaptive Traits ◽  
Neutral Genetic Diversity

Plants are one of the most vulnerable groups to fragmentation and habitat loss, that may affect community richness, abundance, functional traits, and genetic diversity. Here, we address the effects of landscape features on adaptive quantitative traits and evolutionary potential, and on neutral genetic diversity in populations of the Neotropical savanna tree Caryocar brasiliense. We sampled adults and juveniles in 10 savanna remnants within five landscapes. To obtain neutral genetic variation, we genotyped all individuals from each site using nine microsatellite loci. For adaptive traits we measured seed size and mass and grown seeds in nursery in completely randomized experimental design. We obtained mean, additive genetic variance (Va) and coefficient of variation (CVa%), which measures evolvability, for 17 traits in seedlings. We found that landscapes with higher compositional heterogeneity (SHDI) had lower evolutionary potential (CVa%) in leaf length (LL) and lower aboveground dry mass (ADM) genetic differentiation (QST). We also found that landscapes with higher SHDI had higher genetic diversity (He) and allelic richness (AR) in adults, and lower genetic differentiation (FST). In juveniles, SHDI was also positively related to AR. These results are most likely due to longer dispersal distance of pollen in landscapes with lower density of flowering individuals. Agricultural landscapes with low quality mosaic may be more stressful for plant species, due to the lower habitat cover (%), higher cover of monocropping (%) and other land covers, and edge effects. However, in landscapes with higher SHDI with high quality mosaic, forest nearby savanna habitat and the other environments may facilitate the movement or provide additional habitat and resources for seed disperses and pollinators, increasing gene flow and genetic diversity. Finally, despite the very recent agriculture expansion in Central Brazil, we found no time lag in response to habitat loss, because both adults and juveniles were affected by landscape changes.

The micro-evolutionary potential of Daphnia magna population exposed to temperature and cadmium stress

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 1114-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlies Messiaen ◽  
Karel A.C. De Schamphelaere ◽  
Brita T.A. Muyssen ◽  
Colin R. Janssen
Keyword(s):  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Evolutionary Potential

scholarly journals Human-driven genetic differentiation in a managed red deer population

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Reiner ◽  
C. Klein ◽  
M. Lang ◽  
H. Willems
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Genetic Exchange ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Populated Region

AbstractNineteen red deer areas in a densely populated region with a huge network of fenced motorways and the division into administrative management units (AMUs) with restricted ecological connectivity were investigated. In the season 2018/2019, a total of 1291 red deer samples (on average 68 per area) were collected and genotyped using 16 microsatellite markers. The results show a clear genetic differentiation between most of the AMUs. Fourteen AMUs may be combined into four regions with a considerable internal genetic exchange. Five areas were largely isolated or showed only a limited gene flow with neighbouring areas. Ten of the 19 AMUs had an effective population size below 100. Effective population sizes greater than 500–1000, required to maintain the evolutionary potential and a long-term adaptation potential, were not achieved by any of the studied AMUs, even when AMUs with an appreciable genetic exchange were aggregated. Substantial genetic differentiation between areas can be associated with the presence of landscape barriers hindering gene flow, but also with the maintenance of ‘red deer–free’ areas. Efforts to sustainably preserve the genetic diversity of the entire region should therefore focus on measures ensuring genetic connectivity. Opportunities for this goal arise from the establishment of game bridges over motorways and from the protection of young male stags migrating through the statutory ‘red deer–free’ areas.

scholarly journals Environmental and geographic data optimize ex situ collections and the preservation of adaptive evolutionary potential

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel N. Di Santo ◽  
Jill A. Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Evolutionary Potential ◽  
Isolation By Environment ◽  
The Impact

AbstractMaintenance of biodiversity, through seed banks and botanical gardens where the wealth of species’ genetic variation may be preserved ex situ, is a major goal of conservation. However, challenges can persist in optimizing ex situ collections where trade-offs exist between expense, effort, and conserving species evolutionary potential, particularly when genetic data is not available. Within this context, we evaluate the genetic consequences of guiding population preservation using geographic (isolation-by-distance, IBD) and environmental (isolation-by-environment, IBE) data for ex situ collections where provenance data is available. We use 19 genetic and genomic datasets from 15 plant species to (i) assess the proportion of population genetic differentiation explained by geographic and environmental factors, and (ii) simulate ex situ collections prioritizing source populations based on pairwise geographic or environmental distances. Specifically, we test the impact prioritizing sampling based on environmental and geographic distances may have on capturing neutral, functional or putatively adaptive genetic diversity and differentiation. We find that collectively IBD and IBE explain a substantial proportion of genetic differences among functional (median 45%) and adaptive (median 71%) loci, but not for neutral loci (median 21.5%). Simulated ex situ collections reveal that inclusion of IBD and IBE increases both allelic diversity and genetic differentiation captured among populations, particularly for loci that may be important for adaptation. Thus, prioritizing population collections using environmental and geographic distance data can impact genetic variation captured ex situ. This provides value for the vast majority of plant species for which we have no genetic data, informing conservation of genetic variation needed to maintain evolutionary potential within collections.

scholarly journals Urbanization drives genetic differentiation in physiology and structures the evolution of pace-of-life syndromes in the water flea Daphnia magna

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1883) ◽  
pp. 20180169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristien I. Brans ◽  
Robby Stoks ◽  
Luc De Meester
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
Stress Physiology ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Rural Populations ◽  
Pace Of Life ◽  
Baseline Activity

Natural and human-induced stressors elicit changes in energy metabolism and stress physiology in populations of a wide array of species. Cities are stressful environments that may lead to differential selection on stress-coping mechanisms. Given that city ponds are exposed to the urban heat island effect and receive polluted run-off, organisms inhabiting these ecosystems might show genetic differentiation for physiological traits enabling them to better cope with higher overall stress levels. A common garden study with 62 Daphnia magna genotypes from replicated urban and rural populations revealed that urban Daphnia have significantly higher concentrations of total body fat, proteins and sugars. Baseline activity levels of the antioxidant defence enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were higher in rural compared with city populations, yet urban animals were equally well protected against lipid peroxidation. Our results add to the recent evidence of urbanization-driven changes in stress physiology and energy metabolism in terrestrial organisms. Combining our results with data on urban life history evolution in Daphnia revealed that urban genotypes show a structured pace-of-life syndrome involving both life-history and physiological traits, whereas this is absent in rural populations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document