Memorandum to the United Nations Concerning The Role of Social Science in the Service of Peace and Security

This chapter discusses the role of the United Nations (UN), covering the grand design of the post-Second World War period, the ideals of the primacy of international law, the goals and structure of the new organization, the principal achievements and failures, and the current role of the UN, particularly in light of the adoption in 2015 of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)—a new Agenda in which all UN goals tend to come together. The chapter describes the functions and roles of the principal organs of the UN and the interplay between them. It argues that since the UN came into existence it has often failed in three areas: maintenance of peace and security, disarmament, and bridging the gap between industrialized and developing countries. On the other hand, progress was made in the area of self-determination of peoples and in promoting human rights, while in the area of economic co-operation, despite some progress, much more remains to be done. However, for all its deficiencies and in spite of the lack of vision of some of its Secretaries-General, the primary failings of the UN must be traced back to the States behind it, chiefly the Great Powers.

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THE ROLE OF WOMEN AS MEMBERS OF THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY FORCES (Indonesian Women's Security Forces Recruitment Process)

Pamulang Law Review ◽

10.32493/palrev.v2i1.5342 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Fenny Wulandari ◽

Abdul Azis

Keyword(s):

United Nations ◽

International Organizations ◽

World Order ◽

International Organization ◽

International Peace ◽

World War ◽

Security Forces ◽

Peace And Security ◽

The United Nations

International organizations are formed by an agreement in which three or more countries are parties, or also called intergovernmental organizations because their members are state. The state as a party to the international organization must accept the obligations arising from the agreement. Countries incorporated in an international organization usually have the same interests and goals. Even in some difficulties and to help progress the member countries of the international organization did not hesitate to provide assistance. International organizations such as the United Nations have the aim of maintaining international peace and security. The establishment of the United Nations (UN) was set against the concerns of mankind for international peace and security based on the experience of the First World War and the Second World War. Indonesia's commitment to participate in carrying out world order based on independence, lasting peace and social justice is the mandate of paragraph IV of the Opening of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. This commitment is always realized through Indonesia's active participation and contribution in the UN Mission of Maintenance and Peace. In the international context, participation is an important and concrete indicator of the role of a country in contributing to maintaining international peace and security.

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Special political missions and their role in a preventive diplomacy: opportunities and challenges

Eastern European Journal of Transnational Relations ◽

10.15290/eejtr.2020.04.02.01 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 9-25

Author(s):

Małgorzata Myl ◽

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

United Nations ◽

The European Union ◽

International Peace ◽

Main Attention ◽

Preventive Actions ◽

Peace And Security ◽

The United Nations

Today’s diplomacy is an ambiguous phenomenon which involves many diverse tools and actions undertaken by national and international actors. Diplomacy is undoubtedly one of a key element of international peace and security as it enables disputes and conflicts to be prevented . There is a host of measures and instruments that can be exercised at any stage of a crisis, among which are special political missions. This paper is an attempt to discuss the nature and role of a special political mission in preventive actions. The main attention is paid to the missions established by the United Nations and by the European Union. The considerations resulted in listing strengths of the special political missions and in identifying the challenges that should be faced in order to increase an effectiveness of the missions.

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Security Council Legislation, Article 2(7) of the UN Charter, and the Principle of Subsidiarity

Leiden Journal of International Law ◽

10.1017/s0922156511000240 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 539-559 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

NICHOLAS TSAGOURIAS

Keyword(s):

United Nations ◽

Security Council ◽

Dispute Settlement ◽

International Peace ◽

Member States ◽

Peace And Security ◽

The United Nations ◽

The Relationship ◽

Law Making

AbstractThis article considers the relationship between the United Nations and its member states in view of the Security Council's assertion of legislative powers. It claims that the exponential growth in UN powers at the expense of the powers of its member states cannot be arrested by legal means, because of the nature of the UN system and the absence of legally enforceable criteria and compulsory dispute-settlement mechanisms. For this reason, it proposes a different approach to law-making in the area of international peace and security – one that is built around the principle of subsidiarity, as reflected in Article 2(7) of the UN Charter. The role of the principle of subsidiarity in this respect is to determine which authority is best suited to exercise legislative power and how such power should be exercised in order to attain the objective of peace and security more efficiently. It is thus contended that the principle of subsidiarity promotes co-operative relations between the United Nations and its member states by protecting the latters' jurisdictional authority from unnecessary interference.

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Secretariat

International Organization ◽

10.1017/s0020818300007542 ◽

1954 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 551-554

Keyword(s):

United Nations ◽

Annual Report ◽

Secretary General ◽

New Approaches ◽

Peace And Security ◽

Ultimate Responsibility ◽

Peace Settlement ◽

The United Nations ◽

Set Up

Annual Report of the Secretary-General: In the introduction to the eighth annual report ofthe Secretary-General on the work of the United Nations, which covered the period of July 1, 1953, to June 30, 1954, Dag Hammarskjold reviewed the role of the United Nations in the maintenance of peace and security in the light of the recent cessation of fighting in Korea and in Indochina. He stated that while every effort to further the purposes of the United Nations, even if outside the framework of the organization, should be welcomed, although such developments might weaken the prestige and effectiveness of the United Nations. More specifically, he noted that while the use of regional arrangements, when appropriate, was encouraged in the Charter, “where resort to such arrangements is chosen in the first instance, that choice should not be permitted to cast any doubt on the ultimate responsibility of the United Nations”. Mr. Hammarskjold expressed belief in the need for new approaches to peace inthe light of the failure of the subcommittee set up by the Disarmament Commission to reach any agreement at London. He took special note of the absence from the United Nations of “almost half the countries of Europe” as well as statesin other areas. The Secretary-General felt that the situation in the middle easthad deteriorated during the period under review; the United Nations had aspecial responsibility there, and should search for ways to eliminate points of friction not involving questions of principle, until such time as it would be possible to achieve a genuine peace settlement.

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Regional Arrangements and the Maintenance of International Peace and Security: The Role of the African Union Peace and Security Council

Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international ◽

10.1017/s0069005800010092 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 48 ◽

pp. 97-149 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Charles Riziki Majinge

Keyword(s):

United Nations ◽

Security Council ◽

African Union ◽

International Peace ◽

African Countries ◽

Un Security Council ◽

Peace And Security ◽

The United Nations

SummaryThis article examines the role of regional arrangements under the Charter of the United Nations (UN Charter) in the maintenance of international peace and security. The African Union Peace and Security Council (AU PSC), the organ within the AU charged with addressing threats to international peace and security on the African continent, is used as a case study. The author contends that the major challenges facing regional arrangements in exercising mandates under Article 53 of the UN Charter of the United Nations have more to do with inadequate financial and logistical resources than the nature of those mandates. Taking the AU’s role in Somalia, Sudan, and other African countries as examples, the article demonstrates that the AU PSC has failed to achieve its objective of maintaining peace and security precisely because the United Nations (UN) Security Council — a more powerful and better resourced organ — has failed to live up to its responsibility of extending the assistance necessary to enable the AU PSC to perform its functions. Consequently, the author concludes that the UN Security Council, when delegating powers to regional arrangements to maintain international peace and security, should provide adequate resources to such regional arrangements, especially those that will otherwise have minimal or no capacity to fulfil their mandate effectively.

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covid-19 and the Role of the Security Council as Global Health Peacekeeper

Journal of International Peacekeeping ◽

10.1163/18754112-02301006 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (1-2) ◽

pp. 105-116

Author(s):

Boris Kondoch

Keyword(s):

Global Health ◽

United Nations ◽

Security Council ◽

Potential Role ◽

Negative Impact ◽

The World ◽

Peace And Security ◽

The United Nations ◽

Normative Perspective

Abstract The covid-19 pandemic has become one of the greatest challenges the world has faced since the founding of the United Nations. The following article provides a short overview, which addresses the United Nations’ efforts in minimizing the negative impact of the virus on peace and security by focusing on the potential role of the Security Council from a normative perspective.

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The Dangerous Reproduction of Gender Inequalities Within the UN in the Politics and Institutions of Peace

Political Science Undergraduate Review ◽

10.29173/psur21 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 74-79

Author(s):

Susie Hermaszewska

Keyword(s):

United Nations ◽

Gender Inequalities ◽

Post Conflict ◽

Conflict Mediation ◽

Un Security Council ◽

Peace And Security ◽

The United Nations ◽

Underrepresentation Of Women ◽

Lack Of Commitment

The UN agenda for Women, Peace and Security, and the UN Security Council Resolution 1325 reaffirm the important role of women in the prevention and resolution of conflicts, and stresses the importance of their equal participation in all efforts for the maintenance and promotion of peace and security. Despite this, the United Nations continues to ease the reproduction of gender inequality in post-conflict reconstruction due to a lack of commitment to the principles of 1325 and an unwillingness to restructure their own conflict mediation teams. Examples from Cyprus, Bosnia, and Herzegovina demonstrate that the underrepresentation of women at the negotiation table during conflict resolution results in women’s underrepresentation in postconflict institutions of government, and therefore fails to challenge ingrained gender inequalities in society more widely. The United Nations should adhere to the agenda for Women, Peace and Security and target their own institutionalized inequality to better lead by example.

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UN Peacekeeping during Health Crises: Covid-19 and Expansion of Mission Mandates

NUST Journal of International Peace and Stability ◽

10.37540/njips.v4i2.106 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 113-118

Author(s):

Hajira Arif

Keyword(s):

United Nations ◽

Complex Environments ◽

Un Peacekeeping ◽

Peace And Security ◽

The United Nations ◽

Global Peace ◽

The Times ◽

Peacekeeping Missions ◽

Hiv Aids

The United Nations (UN) peacekeeping missions are increasingly deployed in highly complex environments, working towards realizing global peace and security. The missions face numerous challenges ranging from socio-economic dimensions to even political hurdles. Among these challenges, the role of peacekeepers during health crises calls for in-depth exploration. With the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, the need for contextualizing peacekeeping amid health crises is receiving utmost attention. This essay looks at this challenge, notably during the outbreaks of HIV/AIDS, Cholera, Ebola, and the ongoing pandemic (i.e., Covid-19). It briefly analyzes the impacts experienced and the role played by peacekeepers during the times of these outbreaks. The essay also explores the need for „transformation‟ of peacekeeping missions to counter the challenges posed by health crises. It highlights how globalization has caused the „globalized‟ nature of diseases, and therefore thereis an urgent need for exploration and adoption of policies concerning this issue. The essay also suggests some of these potential measures that may equip the peacekeeping missions to fulfil their mandated tasks effectively. It also points towards the gaps in the literature, whose exploration may contribute towards realizing health crises within the broader roles of the peacekeeping mandates.

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