The Mabaruma Phase: A Return to the More Probable Interpretation

1966 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 558-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald W. Lathrap
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
Large Factor ◽  
Probable Interpretation

In a recent publication Evans and Meggers have accused me of reinterpreting their work in an erroneous manner on two separate occasions (Evans and Meggers 1964). In one instance (Lathrap 1963a), I suggested that the Machalilla complex of Coastal Ecuador might be a member of the same ceramic tradition which also gave rise to Early Tutishcainyo and Late Tutishcainyo in the central Ucayali Basin in Peru. In the other case (Lathrap 1964), I offered what appeared to me to be a more reasonable seriation of the excavated levels of the Mabaruma phase of northwestern British Guiana and suggested that the age of the Mabaruma phase had been underestimated by a large factor.

Insanity in British Guiana

1880 ◽  
Vol 26 (115) ◽  
pp. 370-374
Author(s):  
B. Grieve
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
West Indian ◽  
The Other ◽  
Black Immigrants ◽  
The West ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
European Descent ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Good Number ◽  
Large Primary

From the short time at my disposal, and from not having beside me the complete records of the asylum, my remarks to-day must necessarily be more limited in their scope and desultory in their character than under other circumstances would have been the case. I must content myself with bringing before you, in a very general way, some facts relating to the proportion of insane amongst the different races and people which go to make up the much diversified population of British Guiana, and I may notice also a few of the more prominent forms of insanity seen in that colony. What I have to say may, I trust, possess sufficient novelty to be interesting, and may prove none the less suggestive, although its object be not to support any preconceived or pet theory. British Guiana, although a West Indian Colony, forms part of the mainland of the Continent of South America, and amongst its inhabitants is seen a diversity of races as great, if not greater, than in any other country of like extent. There are two large primary divisions into which the population may be separated, namely, those born in the colony—in local phraseology called creoles—and immigrants. In 1871, the date of the last census, the population of the country numbered 218,909, consisting of 103,775 creoles and 115,134 immigrants. Neither in these numbers nor in any subsequent calculations are the aboriginal Indians (bucks) included, who inhabit the interior of the Colony, and who do not supply any contingent to its known insane population. The first division or creoles comprises a very large population of blacks of fine negro blood, descendants of the local slaves of pre-liberation days and of black immigrants subsequently brought from Africa or the neighbouring West Indian islands. In this class are to be found the greatest number of the coloured people of mixed African and European extraction in various degrees of combination, with a few white creoles of pure European descent. Amongst the immigrants are included, firstly, the black and coloured people who have come from the other West Indian colonies, chiefly from Barbadoes; secondly, negroes born in Africa imported as free labourers, and who mostly belong to the West Coast tribes; thirdly, many East Indians (coolies) brought under indenture to work as labourers on the sugar estates; fourthly, a good number of Chinese, introduced for the most part under similar circumstances; fifthly, Portuguese who have come from Madeira and the Cape de Verde Islands; and, lastly, a comparatively small proportion of Europeans.

scholarly journals Cosmological Consequences of an Unstable Heavy Neutrino

1987 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 493-493
Author(s):  
T. Padmanabhan ◽  
M. M. Vasanthi
Keyword(s):  
Decay Mode ◽  
Decay Product ◽  
The Other ◽  
Light Neutrino ◽  
Heavy Neutrino ◽  
Scalar Boson ◽  
Kinematic Constraints ◽  
Cosmological Scenario ◽  
Large Factor ◽  
Conventional Picture

In a recent paper Simpson has reported evidence for a heavy neutrino of about 17.1 kev mass. Cosmological bounds on stable neutrino species imply that this neutrino [νH] must be unstable. The most likely decay mode νH→νL+f where νL is a light neutrino and f is a scalar boson leads to a cosmological scenario which is quite different from the conventional picture. In this scenario universe becomes matter dominated at a redshift of z ∼ 107 and becomes radiation dominated [by the decay product νL of νH] at z ∼ 310. The kinematic constraints on the lifetime of νH do not lead to any contradictions. On the other hand, growth of baryonic perturbations is severely limited in this model due to two reasons: (i) virtually no growth can take place in the radiation dominated region z ≤ 310. (ii) Decay of νH is likely to disrupt and smoothen out past growth by a large factor. It is doubtful whether a simple way out of this difficulty exists.

The Banana Fruit-scarring Beetle (Colaspis hyperchlora, Lef.)

1926 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Gowdey
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lemon Yellow ◽  
Banana Fruit ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
British Honduras ◽  
Tropical America

During recent years banana plantations in some parts of tropical America have suffered somewhat severely from attacks of a Eumolpid beetle, Colaspis hyperchlora, Lefevre (1878). This species has up to now been recorded from the following countries : Colombia (type locality), British Guiana, Panama, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua, British Honduras and Mexico.The egg is pale lemon-yellow in colour, becoming brownish as the embryo approaches maturity, and broadly oval in shape with one end slightly more acute than the other ; length, 1·2 mm. The larva is whitish, with the head somewhat amber-coloured, the body being slender and hairy ; length, 1–1·5 mm. The pupa is dirty yellow, becoming darker as the adult becomes ready to emerge.The eggs are deposited singly or in clusters varying in number from 5 to 45, in cavities gnawed by the female in the leaf-sheath of bananas near the crown just above the surface of the ground, on the surface roots in natural depressions or in cavities made by the female, and on the surface roots of the old “ mats.” The duration of the egg stage is from 7 to 9 days.The larvae feed on the young roots, gnawing the soft epidermal tissues of the older roots, into which they tunnel. The duration of the larval stage is from 20 to 22 days.

Educational Opportunity in the Army of Occupation

1920 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Eugene R. Smith ◽  
Harry D. Gaylord ◽  
Geo. Gailey Chambers ◽  
William E. Breckenridge ◽  
J. T. Rorer
Keyword(s):  
Educational Opportunity ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Student Body ◽  
Educational Work ◽  
Professional Schools ◽  
American University ◽  
Large Factor ◽  
French And English ◽  
Commander In Chief

The educational work of the A. E. F. was firmly established by General Orders 9 and 30, issued by the Commander in Chief. Among other things in these orders, General Pershing authorized three types of educational assignment for the men: first, at universities or colleges; second, at divisional schools; third, at post schools. Only the work for illiterates at post schools was to be compulsory, but the elective opportunities attracted far more applicatioils than could be granted. Thousands of men took advantage of the remarkable privilege to study at the French and English universities and professional schools, while on the army payroll, and free of any personal expense. These in the main were men who had been in American colleges and universities, or who were fully prepared for university work when they left home. Shortly after they began their work at Cambridge, Oxford, Edinburgh, Paris, Grenoble, or any of the other established seats of learning, another call was issued announcing the opening of the American University at Beaune. Cote d'Or. Here was an educational miracle; a Harvard and Chicago combined, thirteen colleges completely organized almost over night and surprisingly well equipped, with a wonderful faculty of about one thousand, and a student body of more than eight thousand. During the three months that it was in session, it gave an intellectual impetus to thousands of young men and undoubtedly was a large factor subsequently in bringing many of these students back to home colleges and universities.

The rates of nitrification of peat soils in British Guiana

1954 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Paul ◽  
M. A. A. Shariff
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
The Other ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Before And After

A study has been made of some of the nitrogen fractions of the pegasse soils of British Guiana in virgin and exhausted conditions, that is, before and after cropping.1. Preliminary field experiments on the virgin and exhausted soils adduced strong evidence in support of the complaints made by farmers that the productivity in yields of the pegasse soils after continuous cropping for a comparatively short period is considerably impaired.2. The virgin soil showed an appreciable amount of nitrate nitrogen, while the exhausted sample indicated no nitrate. The latter soil, on the other hand, contained a higher amount of ammonia nitrogen measured by KCl extraction than the former soil.3. Nitrification studies with added ammonium salts indicated that under optimum conditions the nitrifying power of the exhausted soil was extremely low. Additions of sodium nitrate indicated that the nitrate was partially reduced to ammonia by the worn-out pegasse soil. The virgin pegasse, on the other hand, showed an appreciable rate of nitrification.

Insanity in British Guiana

1880 ◽  
Vol 26 (115) ◽  
pp. 370-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Grieve
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
West Indian ◽  
The Other ◽  
Black Immigrants ◽  
The West ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
European Descent ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Good Number ◽  
Large Primary

From the short time at my disposal, and from not having beside me the complete records of the asylum, my remarks to-day must necessarily be more limited in their scope and desultory in their character than under other circumstances would have been the case. I must content myself with bringing before you, in a very general way, some facts relating to the proportion of insane amongst the different races and people which go to make up the much diversified population of British Guiana, and I may notice also a few of the more prominent forms of insanity seen in that colony. What I have to say may, I trust, possess sufficient novelty to be interesting, and may prove none the less suggestive, although its object be not to support any preconceived or pet theory. British Guiana, although a West Indian Colony, forms part of the mainland of the Continent of South America, and amongst its inhabitants is seen a diversity of races as great, if not greater, than in any other country of like extent. There are two large primary divisions into which the population may be separated, namely, those born in the colony—in local phraseology called creoles—and immigrants. In 1871, the date of the last census, the population of the country numbered 218,909, consisting of 103,775 creoles and 115,134 immigrants. Neither in these numbers nor in any subsequent calculations are the aboriginal Indians (bucks) included, who inhabit the interior of the Colony, and who do not supply any contingent to its known insane population. The first division or creoles comprises a very large population of blacks of fine negro blood, descendants of the local slaves of pre-liberation days and of black immigrants subsequently brought from Africa or the neighbouring West Indian islands. In this class are to be found the greatest number of the coloured people of mixed African and European extraction in various degrees of combination, with a few white creoles of pure European descent. Amongst the immigrants are included, firstly, the black and coloured people who have come from the other West Indian colonies, chiefly from Barbadoes; secondly, negroes born in Africa imported as free labourers, and who mostly belong to the West Coast tribes; thirdly, many East Indians (coolies) brought under indenture to work as labourers on the sugar estates; fourthly, a good number of Chinese, introduced for the most part under similar circumstances; fifthly, Portuguese who have come from Madeira and the Cape de Verde Islands; and, lastly, a comparatively small proportion of Europeans.

scholarly journals The Effect of Parboiling and Milling on the Antineuritic Vitamin (B1) and Phosphate Content of Rice

1932 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Aykroyd
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Phosphate Content ◽  
British Guiana ◽  
Parboiled Rice ◽  
Equal Degree ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Rice Samples ◽  
The One

1. Highly milled parboiled rice was found to be rich in the antineuritic vitamin B1, while roughly milled raw rice was deficient. In estimating the content of vitamin B1 the method of Chick and Roscoe was used.2. Exact comparison was made of the vitamin B1 potency of two samples of rice, the one raw, the other parboiled, after similar degrees of milling. The vitamin value of the unmilled samples was equal, but when each was highly milled to an equal degree, as judged by weight of polishings removed in a hand rice mill, the parboiled sample retained the vitamin while the raw sample did not.3. Polishings from parboiled rice were found to contain less vitamin B1 than those from raw rice.4. Parboiled rice contains more P2O5 than raw rice milled to the same degree.5. It is probable that when rice is steamed in the process of parboiling, the vitamin B1 and some of the phosphate contained in the germ and pericarp diffuse through the endosperm.6. The P2O5 content of raw rice is a good index of vitamin B1 value, but in parboiled rice a low percentage of phosphate is compatible with the presence of the vitamin.Thanks are due to Miss L. M. B. Patterson who kindly made the phosphate estimations recorded in the paper. I am indebted to the Director of Agriculture, British Guiana, for a number of rice samples. The rice mill used was kindly lent by Jackson and Son, 30, Mincing Lane, E.C. 3. I am grateful to Miss Chick for her continued interest in these experiments.

Stromatoporoids from the Famennian (Devonian) Wabamun Formation, Normandville oilfield, north–central Alberta, Canada

1988 ◽  
Vol 62 (03) ◽  
pp. 411-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin W. Stearn
Keyword(s):  
Patch Reef ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
North Central ◽  
Biotic Crisis

Stromatoporoids are the principal framebuilding organisms in the patch reef that is part of the reservoir of the Normandville field. The reef is 10 m thick and 1.5 km2in area and demonstrates that stromatoporoids retained their ability to build reefal edifices into Famennian time despite the biotic crisis at the close of Frasnian time. The fauna is dominated by labechiids but includes three non-labechiid species. The most abundant species isStylostroma sinense(Dong) butLabechia palliseriStearn is also common. Both these species are highly variable and are described in terms of multiple phases that occur in a single skeleton. The other species described areClathrostromacf.C. jukkenseYavorsky,Gerronostromasp. (a columnar species), andStromatoporasp. The fauna belongs in Famennian/Strunian assemblage 2 as defined by Stearn et al. (1988).

D. The Line Spectrum of Pulsating Variable Stars

1967 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 207-244
Author(s):  
R. P. Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Variable Stars ◽  
The Other ◽  
Line Spectrum ◽  
Afternoon Session ◽  
Empirical Information ◽  
Pulsating Variable Stars ◽  
Almost Continuous ◽  
Informal Approach

(Ed. note:Encouraged by the success of the more informal approach in Christy's presentation, we tried an even more extreme experiment in this session, I-D. In essence, Kraft held the floor continuously all morning, and for the hour and a half afternoon session, serving as a combined Summary-Introductory speaker and a marathon-moderator of a running discussion on the line spectrum of cepheids. There was almost continuous interruption of his presentation; and most points raised from the floor were followed through in detail, no matter how digressive to the main presentation. This approach turned out to be much too extreme. It is wearing on the speaker, and the other members of the symposium feel more like an audience and less like participants in a dissective discussion. Because Kraft presented a compendious collection of empirical information, and, based on it, an exceedingly novel series of suggestions on the cepheid problem, these defects were probably aggravated by the first and alleviated by the second. I am much indebted to Kraft for working with me on a preliminary editing, to try to delete the side-excursions and to retain coherence about the main points. As usual, however, all responsibility for defects in final editing is wholly my own.)

C. The Continuous Spectrum of Pulsating Variable Stars

1967 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 177-206
Author(s):  
J. B. Oke ◽  
C. A. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Spectrum ◽  
Variable Stars ◽  
Velocity Fields ◽  
The Other ◽  
Line Spectrum ◽  
Direct Information ◽  
Thermodynamic Structure ◽  
Diagnostic Interpretation ◽  
Pulsating Variable Stars ◽  
The Continuum

Pecker:The topic to be considered today is the continuous spectrum of certain stars, whose variability we attribute to a pulsation of some part of their structure. Obviously, this continuous spectrum provides a test of the pulsation theory to the extent that the continuum is completely and accurately observed and that we can analyse it to infer the structure of the star producing it. The continuum is one of the two possible spectral observations; the other is the line spectrum. It is obvious that from studies of the continuum alone, we obtain no direct information on the velocity fields in the star. We obtain information only on the thermodynamic structure of the photospheric layers of these stars–the photospheric layers being defined as those from which the observed continuum directly arises. So the problems arising in a study of the continuum are of two general kinds: completeness of observation, and adequacy of diagnostic interpretation. I will make a few comments on these, then turn the meeting over to Oke and Whitney.

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